The Gut-Brain Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease—Current and Future Perspectives DOI Open Access
Claudia Günther, Veit Rothhammer, Marisa Karow

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(16), P. 8870 - 8870

Published: Aug. 18, 2021

The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system driven by neural, hormonal, metabolic, immunological, and microbial signals. Signaling events from the gut can modulate brain function recent evidence suggests that may play pivotal role in linking gastrointestinal neurological diseases. Accordingly, accumulating has suggested link between inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) neurodegenerative, as well neuroinflammatory In this context, clinical, epidemiological experimental data have demonstrated IBD predisposes person to pathologies of central nervous (CNS). Likewise, number disorders are associated with changes intestinal environment, which indicative for disease-mediated inter-organ communication. Although was identified more than 20 years ago, sequence underlying molecular mechanisms poorly defined. emergence precision medicine uncovered need take into account non-intestinal symptoms context could offer opportunity tailor therapies individual patients. aim review highlight findings supporting clinical biological brain, its significance neurodegeneration neuroinflammation. Finally, we focus on novel human-specific preclinical models will help uncover disease better understand complex system.

Language: Английский

Tissue Homeostasis and Inflammation DOI Open Access
Matthew L. Meizlish, Ruth A. Franklin, Xu Zhou

et al.

Annual Review of Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 39(1), P. 557 - 581

Published: March 2, 2021

There is a growing interest in understanding tissue organization, homeostasis, and inflammation. However, despite an abundance of data, the organizing principles biology remain poorly defined. Here, we present perspective on organization based relationships between cell types functions that they perform. We provide formal definition homeostasis as collection circuits regulate specific variables within environment, describe how functional tissues allows for maintenance both systemic homeostasis. This leads to natural inflammation response deviations from cannot be reversed by homeostatic mechanisms alone. inflammatory signals act same cellular involved normal order coordinate emergency responses perturbations ultimately return system state. Finally, consider hierarchy implications development diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

264
Enteric glial biology, intercellular signalling and roles in gastrointestinal disease DOI
Luisa Seguella, Brian D. Gulbransen

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(8), P. 571 - 587

Published: March 17, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

211
Intestinal microbiota shapes gut physiology and regulates enteric neurons and glia DOI Creative Commons
Fernando Vicentini,

Catherine M. Keenan,

Laurie E. Wallace

et al.

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Oct. 26, 2021

The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) physiology part through interactions with the enteric nervous system (ENS). Alterations gut microbiome frequently occur together disturbances neural control pathophysiological conditions. However, mechanisms by which regulates GI function and structure of ENS are incompletely understood. Using a mouse model antibiotic (Abx)-induced bacterial depletion, we sought to determine molecular microbial regulation integrity ENS. Spontaneous reconstitution Abx-depleted was used assess plasticity tract Microbiota-dependent neuronal survival neurogenesis were also assessed.Adult male female Abx-treated mice exhibited alterations function, including longer small intestine, slower transit time, increased carbachol-stimulated ion secretion, permeability. These accompanied loss neurons ileum proximal colon both submucosal myenteric plexuses. A reduction number glia only observed ileal plexus. Recovery restored stimulated leading increases neurons. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) supplementation enhanced alongside but had no effect on recovery once Abx-induced established. In contrast, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) able restore numbers after loss, demonstrating that SCFA stimulate vivo.Our results demonstrate for sex-independent manner. Moreover, is essential maintenance integrity, promoting neurogenesis. Molecular determinants microbiota, LPS SCFA, regulate survival, while stimulates Our data reveal new insights into could lead therapeutic developments treatment neuropathies. Video abstract.

Language: Английский

Citations

196
Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in the Pathogenesis of Gastrointestinal Dysmotility and Metabolic Disorders DOI Open Access
Rajan Singh, Hannah Zogg, Lai Wei

et al.

Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 19 - 34

Published: Nov. 9, 2020

Of all microorganisms in the human body, largest and most complex population resides gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The gut microbiota continuously adapts to host environment serves multiple critical functions for their hosts, including regulating immunity, procuring energy from food, preventing colonization of pathogens. Mounting evidence has suggested microbial imbalance (dysbiosis) as a core pathophysiology development GI motility metabolic disorders, such irritable bowel syndrome diabetes. Current research focused on discovering associations between these disorders dysbiosis; however, whether are consequence or cause is still mostly unexplored. State-of-the-art studies have investigated how microbes communicate with our body systems through microbiota-derived metabolites they able modulate physiology. There now mounting that alterations composition small intestinal an association dysmotility disorders. Although treatment options dysbiosis currently limited, antibiotics, fecal transplantation, probiotics, dietary interventions best options. However, broad-spectrum antibiotics been viewed skepticism due risk developing antibiotic resistant bacteria. Studies warranted elucidate cellular molecular pathways underlying microbiota-host crosstalk powerful platform future therapeutic approaches. Here, we review recent literature and/or interactions involved

Language: Английский

Citations

185
Motor and non-motor circuit disturbances in early Parkinson disease: which happens first? DOI
Javier Blesa, Guglielmo Foffani, Benjamin Dehay

et al.

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 115 - 128

Published: Dec. 14, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

160
Functional circuits and signal processing in the enteric nervous system DOI Creative Commons
Candice Fung, Pieter Vanden Berghe

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 77(22), P. 4505 - 4522

Published: May 18, 2020

Abstract The enteric nervous system (ENS) is an extensive network comprising millions of neurons and glial cells contained within the wall gastrointestinal tract. major functions ENS that have been most studied include regulation local gut motility, secretion, blood flow. Other areas gaining increased attention its interaction with immune system, microbiota involvement in gut–brain axis, neuro-epithelial interactions. Thus, circuitry plays a central role intestinal homeostasis, this becomes particularly evident when there are faults wiring such as neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative disorders. In review, we first focus on current knowledge cellular composition circuits. We then further discuss how circuits detect process external information, these signals may be modulated by physiological pathophysiological factors, finally, outputs generated for integrated function.

Language: Английский

Citations

157
The enteric nervous system DOI
Keith A. Sharkey, Gary M. Mawe

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 103(2), P. 1487 - 1564

Published: Dec. 15, 2022

Of all the organ systems in body, gastrointestinal tract is most complicated terms of numbers structures involved, each with different functions, and types signaling molecules utilized. The digestion food absorption nutrients, electrolytes, water occurs a hostile luminal environment that contains large diverse microbiota. At core regulatory control digestive defensive functions enteric nervous system (ENS), complex neurons glia gut wall. In this review, we discuss 1) intrinsic neural involved 2) how ENS interacts immune system, microbiota, epithelium to maintain mucosal defense barrier function. We highlight developments have revolutionized our understanding physiology pathophysiology control. These include new molecular architecture ENS, organization function motor circuits, roles glia. explore transduction stimuli by enteroendocrine cells, regulation intestinal glia, local role microbiota regulating structure ENS. Multifunctional work together glial macrophages, interstitial cells integrating an array signals initiate outputs are precisely regulated space time homeostasis.

Language: Английский

Citations

148
Gastrointestinal involvement in Parkinson’s disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management DOI Creative Commons
Tobias Warnecke,

KH Schäfer,

Inga Claus

et al.

npj Parkinson s Disease, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: March 24, 2022

Abstract Growing evidence suggests an increasing significance for the extent of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Most patients suffer from GIT symptoms, including dysphagia, sialorrhea, bloating, nausea, vomiting, gastroparesis, and constipation during course. The underlying pathomechanisms this α-synucleinopathy play important role development progression, i.e., early accumulation Lewy pathology enteric central nervous systems is implicated pharyngeal discoordination, esophageal gastric motility/peristalsis impairment, chronic pain, altered intestinal permeability autonomic colon, with subsequent constipation. Severe complications, malnutrition, dehydration, insufficient drug effects, aspiration pneumonia, obstruction, megacolon, frequently result hospitalization. Sophisticated diagnostic tools are now available that permit more detailed examination specific impairment patterns. Furthermore, novel treatment approaches have been evaluated, although high-level trials often missing. Finally, burgeoning literature devoted to microbiome reveals its importance neurologists. We review current knowledge about pathoanatomy, pathophysiology, diagnosis, PD provide recommendations management daily practice.

Language: Английский

Citations

115
Targeted Delivery of Probiotics: Perspectives on Research and Commercialization DOI Open Access

K.S. Yoha,

Sundus Nida, Sayantani Dutta

et al.

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 15 - 48

Published: April 27, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

111
Gut microbiota drives macrophage-dependent self-renewal of intestinal stem cells via niche enteric serotonergic neurons DOI Open Access
Pingping Zhu, Tiankun Lu, Jiayi Wu

et al.

Cell Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(6), P. 555 - 569

Published: April 4, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

75