Gut,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. gutjnl - 333558
Published: Feb. 17, 2025
Background
Treatment
strategies
for
Crohn’s
disease
(CD)
suppress
diverse
inflammatory
pathways
but
many
patients
remain
refractory
to
treatment.
Autologous
haematopoietic
stem
cell
transplantation
(SCT)
is
an
emerging
therapy
medically
CD
though
the
mechanisms
through
which
it
circumvents
pathophysiology
are
unknown.
Objective
The
objective
of
this
study
understand
how
immune
system
reconstitutes
post-SCT
and
whether
SCT
may
function
as
a
cellular
restoring
appropriately
responsive
populations
from
cells
(HSCs).
Design
Adults
with
active
clinical
endoscopic
who
failed
available
medical
therapies
were
enrolled
in
phase
II
(n=19).
Blood
intestinal
samples
collected
longitudinally
analysed
using
CyTOF
scRNA-seq.
Stem
autografts
functionally
assayed
mouse
xenograft
models.
Results
scRNA-seq
analyses
reveal
that
predominantly
affected
myeloid
lineage
loss
return
macrophages
capable
supporting
mucosal
healing.
Xenograft
models
patient
HSCs
suggested
support
early
reconstitution
impairment
short
long-term
HSC
engraftment
determine
outcomes.
Conclusions
This
suggests
functions
myeloid-directed
reinforcing
critical
role
target
therapies.
Furthermore,
we
report
unrecognised
functional
heterogeneity
among
subpopulations
be
relevant
our
understanding
treatment
pathophysiology.
Translational Neurodegeneration,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: Dec. 15, 2023
Parkinson's
disease
(PD)
is
one
of
the
most
prevalent
neurodegenerative
diseases.
The
typical
symptomatology
PD
includes
motor
symptoms;
however,
a
range
nonmotor
symptoms,
such
as
intestinal
issues,
usually
occur
before
symptoms.
Various
microorganisms
inhabiting
gastrointestinal
tract
can
profoundly
influence
physiopathology
central
nervous
system
through
neurological,
endocrine,
and
immune
pathways
involved
in
microbiota-gut-brain
axis.
In
addition,
extensive
evidence
suggests
that
gut
microbiota
strongly
associated
with
PD.
This
review
summarizes
latest
findings
on
microbial
changes
their
clinical
relevance,
describes
underlying
mechanisms
which
bacteria
may
mediate
PD,
discusses
correlations
between
microbes
anti-PD
drugs.
this
outlines
status
research
therapies
for
future
directions
PD-gut
research.
Science Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(91)
Published: Jan. 5, 2024
Dysbiosis
in
the
gut
microbiota
affects
several
systemic
diseases,
possibly
by
driving
migration
of
perturbed
intestinal
immunocytes
to
extraintestinal
tissues.
Combining
Kaede
photoconvertible
mice
and
single-cell
genomics,
we
generated
a
detailed
map
migratory
trajectories
from
colon,
at
baseline,
models
inflammation.
All
lineages
emigrated
colon
an
S1P-dependent
manner.
B
lymphocytes
represented
largest
contingent,
with
unexpected
circulation
nonexperienced
follicular
cells,
which
carried
gut-imprinted
transcriptomic
signature.
T
cell
emigration
included
distinct
groups
RORγ
Arthritis Research & Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
26(1)
Published: Jan. 13, 2024
Abstract
Background
Patients
with
rheumatoid
arthritis
(RA)
showed
impaired
immune
tolerance
characterized
by
reduced
follicular
regulatory
T
(Tfr)
cells,
and
they
also
exhibited
altered
gut
microbiotas
their
metabolites
in
RA.
However,
the
association
of
mediated
Tfr
cells
RA
remains
unclear.
Methods
Peripheral
blood
stool
samples
were
collected
from
32
new-onset
patients
17
healthy
controls
(HCs)
Second
Hospital
Shanxi
Medical
University
between
January
2022
June
2022.
The
peripheral
was
used
to
detect
circulating
(Treg),
helper
T(Th)17,
Tfr,
(Tfh)
modified
flow
cytometry.
analyze
via
16S
rDNA
sequencing
metabolomic
profiling.
We
aimed
characterize
identified
cell-mediated
tolerance.
Results
demonstrated
Treg
associated
disease
activity
autoantibodies.
There
significant
differences
two
groups
as
results
β
diversity
analysis
(
P
=
0.039)
including
21
differential
phylum
genus
levels.
In
which,
Ruminococcus
2
autoantibodies
RA,
it
potential
biomarker
[area
under
curve
(AUC)
0.782,
95%
confidence
interval
(CI)
0.636–0.929,
0.001].
Eleven
participated
four
main
pathways
related
Arachidonic
acid
might
be
(AUC
0.724,
CI
0.595–0.909,
0.038),
core
metabolite
positive
six
enriched
,
arachidonic
involved
biosynthesis
unsaturated
fatty
pathway
3-methyldioxyindole
tryptophan
metabolism
pathway.
Conclusion
breakdown
implying
possible
mechanism
pathogenesis
perspective
microecology-metabolism-immune.
Science Advances,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(6)
Published: Feb. 7, 2025
Mucosa-associated
invariant
T
(MAIT)
cells
are
a
large
population
of
unconventional
widely
distributed
in
the
human
gastrointestinal
tract.
Their
homing
to
gut
is
central
maintaining
mucosal
homeostasis
and
immunity.
This
review
discusses
potential
mechanisms
that
guide
MAIT
intestinal
mucosa
during
inflammation,
emphasizing
roles
chemokines,
chemokine
receptors,
tissue
adhesion
molecules.
The
influence
microbiota
on
cell
different
regions
also
discussed.
Last,
we
introduce
how
organoid
technology
offers
potentially
valuable
approach
advance
our
understanding
by
providing
more
physiologically
relevant
model
mimics
tissue.
These
models
may
enable
detailed
investigation
gut-specific
cells.
By
regulation
gut,
avenues
for
therapeutic
interventions
targeting
inflammatory
conditions
such
as
bowel
diseases
(IBD)
emerge.
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
104(2), P. 835 - 879
Published: Dec. 7, 2023
The
last
decade
of
microbiome
research
has
highlighted
its
fundamental
role
in
systemic
immune
and
metabolic
homeostasis.
plays
a
prominent
during
gestation
into
early
life,
when
maternal
lifestyle
factors
shape
development
the
newborn.
Breast
milk
further
shapes
gut
colonization,
supporting
tolerance
to
commensal
bacteria
harmless
antigens
while
preventing
outgrowth
pathogens.
Environmental
microbial
that
disrupt
this
process
can
dysregulate
homeostasis,
predisposing
infants
atopic
disease
childhood
asthma.
In
health,
low-biomass
lung
microbiome,
together
with
inhaled
environmental
constituents,
establishes
immunological
set
point
is
necessary
maintain
pulmonary
defense.
However,
perturbations
physiological
processes
allow
upper
respiratory
tract
act
as
reservoir
pathogenic
bacteria,
which
colonize
diseased
cause
severe
inflammation.
Studying
these
host-microbe
interactions
diseases
holds
great
promise
stratify
patients
for
suitable
treatment
regimens
biomarker
discovery
predict
progression.
Preclinical
studies
show
microbes
are
constant
flux
cell
division
death,
releasing
by-products,
vesicles
system
protect
against
diseases.
next
major
advances
may
come
from
testing
utilizing
clinical
benefit
exploiting
predictive
power
by
employing
multiomics
analysis
approaches.
