Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
68(1)
Published: Dec. 27, 2024
Asthma
is
a
chronic
airway
inflammatory
disease
that
affects
millions
globally.
Although
glucocorticoids
are
mainstay
of
asthma
treatment,
subset
patients
show
resistance
to
these
therapies,
resulting
in
poor
control
and
increased
morbidity.
The
complex
mechanisms
underlying
steroid-resistant
(SRA)
involve
Th1
Th17
lymphocyte
activity,
neutrophil
recruitment,
NLRP3
inflammasome
activation.
Recent
studies
provided
evidence
innate
lymphoid
cells
type
3
(ILC3s)
might
be
potential
therapeutic
targets
for
non-eosinophilic
(NEA)
SRA.
Like
cells,
ILC3s
play
crucial
roles
immune
responses,
inflammation,
tissue
homeostasis,
contributing
severity
corticosteroid
NEA.
Biologics
targeting
ILC3-related
pathways
have
shown
promise
managing
Th2-low
asthma,
suggesting
new
avenues
SRA
treatment.
This
review
aims
explore
the
risk
factors
SRA,
discuss
challenges
consolidate
current
findings
on
elucidate
their
role
respiratory
conditions.
We
present
latest
involvement
human
diseases
development.
Furthermore,
we
emerging
biologics
NEA
highlights
challenges,
strategies,
addresses
significant
gap
research,
with
implications
improving
management
asthma.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 17, 2025
Fluxapyroxad
is
the
most
commonly
used
succinate
dehydrogenase
inhibitor
fungicide.
This
work
investigated
its
adverse
effects
on
colitis
susceptibility
and
explored
underlying
mechanisms
based
a
mouse
model.
After
13
weeks
of
exposure
at
acceptable
daily
intake
(ADI)
level,
fluxapyroxad
exacerbated
to
colitis,
impaired
intestinal
barrier,
elevated
proinflammatory
cytokines
chemokines
colon
in
mice.
It
was
found
that
this
toxic
effect
caused
by
disruption
gut
microbiome.
Specifically,
abundance
Lachnospiraceae
Muribaculaceae
decreased,
while
Desulfovibrionaceae
Eggerthellaceae
increased.
Altered
microbiota
reduced
fecal
indole
derivatives,
including
indole-3-lactic
acid
(ILA),
indole-3-acetic
(IAA),
indole-3-acrylic
(IArA),
inhibiting
aryl
hydrocarbon
receptor
(AHR)
activation,
disrupting
immune
homeostasis
overactivating
Th17
cells
insufficient
Treg
cell
differentiation,
causing
mild
colonic
inflammation.
Oral
antibiotic-treated
mice
transfer
experiments
validated
pathway.
Susceptibility
induced
not
detected
oral
Fecal
disordered
could
aggravate
severity
recipient
did
receive
exposure.
In
conclusion,
chronic
ADI
level
via
microbiota-indole
derivatives-Treg/Th17
balance
axis,
offering
new
risk
assessment
perspective
fluxapyroxad.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: April 19, 2025
Tissue-resident
immune
cells
such
as
innate
lymphoid
(ILC)
are
known
to
reside
in
the
parenchymal
compartments
of
tissues
and
modulate
local
protection.
Here
we
use
intravascular
cell
labeling,
parabiosis
multiplex
3D
imaging
identify
a
population
group
3
ILCs
mice
that
present
within
space
lung
blood
vessels
(vILC3).
vILC3s
distributed
broadly
alveolar
capillary
beds
from
which
inhaled
pathogens
enter
parenchyma.
By
contrast,
conventional
ILC3s
tissue
parenchyma
enriched
clusters
proximity
large
veins.
In
mouse
model
pneumonia,
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
infection
results
rapid
vILC3
expansion
production
chemokines
including
CCL4.
Blocking
CCL4
vivo
attenuates
neutrophil
recruitment
at
early
stage
infection,
resulting
prolonged
inflammation
delayed
bacterial
clearance.
Our
findings
thus
define
site
ILC
residence
mice,
reveal
unique
interfaces
with
alarmins
circulating
system
for
timely
host
defense.
European Journal of Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
54(9)
Published: June 2, 2024
Abstract
Innate
lymphoid
cells
(ILCs)
lack
antigen‐specific
receptors
and
are
considered
the
innate
arm
of
immune
system,
phenotypically
functionally
mirroring
CD4
+
helper
T
cells.
ILCs
categorized
into
groups
1,
2,
3
based
on
transcription
factors
cytokine
expression.
predominantly
reside
in
mucosal
tissues
play
important
roles
regional
responses.
The
development
function
ILC
subsets
controlled
by
both
transcriptional
epigenetic
mechanisms,
which
have
been
extensively
studied
recent
years.
Epigenetic
regulation
refers
to
inheritable
changes
gene
expression
that
occur
without
affecting
DNA
sequences.
This
mainly
includes
chromatin
status,
histone
modifications,
methylation.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
discoveries
mechanisms
regulating
function,
how
these
regulations
affect
disease
progression
under
pathological
conditions.
Although
ablation
specific
regulators
can
cause
global
corresponding
modifications
chromatin,
only
partial
genes
with
altered
change
their
mRNA
expression,
resulting
outcomes
cell
differentiation
function.
Therefore,
elucidating
underlying
will
provide
potential
targets
for
diagnosis
treatment
inflammatory
diseases.
