Spatially explicit models for decision‐making in animal conservation and restoration

Ecography, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2022(4)

Published: Oct. 8, 2021

Models are useful tools for understanding and predicting ecological patterns processes. Under ongoing climate biodiversity change, they can greatly facilitate decision‐making in conservation restoration help designing adequate management strategies an uncertain future. Here, we review the use of spatially explicit models decision support to identify key gaps current modelling restoration. Of 650 reviewed publications, 217 publications had a clear application were included our quantitative analyses. Overall, studies biased towards static (79%), species population level (80%) (rather than restoration) applications (71%). Correlative niche most widely used model type. Dynamic as well gene‐to‐individual community‐to‐ecosystem underrepresented, cost optimisation approaches only 10% studies. We present new typology selecting animal restoration, characterising types according organisational levels, biological processes interest desired applications. This will more closely link goals. Additionally, future efforts need overcome important challenges related data integration, integration decision‐making. conclude with five recommendations, suggesting that wider usage be achieved by 1) developing toolbox multiple, easier‐to‐use methods, 2) improving calibration validation dynamic 3) best‐practise guidelines applying these models. Further, robust 4) combining multiple assess uncertainty, 5) placing at core adaptive management. These must accompanied long‐term funding monitoring, improved communication between research practise ensure optimal outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Existing and emerging uses of drones in restoration ecology

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 1899 - 1911

Published: June 26, 2022

Abstract In the absence of effective and scalable human intervention, up to 95% world's ecosystems will be affected by anthropogenic degradation 2050. Therefore, immediate large‐scale ecological restoration is imperative stem biodiversity loss ecosystem decline. Ecologists must draw upon most efficient tools available achieve successful goals. Drones (i.e., unmanned aerial vehicles) are a valuable set in environmental, forestry, agriculture sectors; however, there has been limited uptake ecology. Here, we aim highlight existing emerging uses drones science practice. We discuss strengths weaknesses these applications provide roadmap for increasing utilisation refine enhance objectives. Our article presented with continuum mind, including sections planning, implementation monitoring. also take novel approach describing how relate globally recognised tool published Society Ecological Restoration . used several scenarios from mapping habitats managing wildfires, monitoring effectiveness interventions. Many other disciplines can transferred scenarios. However, use context‐dependent, technical practical constraints need addressed. have considerable potential improve practice at all stages project, which vital realising goals UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration.

Language: Английский

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New developments in the field of genomic technologies and their relevance to conservation management

Conservation Genetics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 217 - 242

Published: Nov. 11, 2021

Abstract Recent technological advances in the field of genomics offer conservation managers and practitioners new tools to explore for applications. Many these are well developed used by other life science fields, while others still development. Considering possibilities, choosing right tool(s) from toolbox is crucial can pose a challenging task. With this mind, we strive inspire, inform illuminate on how efforts benefit current genomic biotechnological revolution. inspirational case studies show technologies help resolve some main challenges, also informing implementable different are. We here focus specifically small population management, highlight potential genetic rescue, discuss opportunities gene editing with adaptation changing environments. In addition, delineate applications drives controlling invasive species. that offers added efforts, but comes limitations use novel emerging techniques.

Language: Английский

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Temperature Controls eDNA Persistence across Physicochemical Conditions in Seawater

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 56(12), P. 8629 - 8639

Published: June 3, 2022

Environmental DNA (eDNA) quantification and sequencing are emerging techniques for assessing biodiversity in marine ecosystems. can be transported by ocean currents may remain at detectable concentrations far from its source depending on how long it persist. Thus, predicting the persistence time of eDNA is crucial to defining spatial context information derived it. To investigate physicochemical controls persistence, we performed degradation experiments temperature, pH, oxygen conditions relevant open deep sea. The process was best explained a model with two phases different decay rate constants. During initial phase, degraded rapidly, independent factors. second slowly, strongly controlled weakly not dissolved concentration. We demonstrate that persist quantifiable over 2 weeks low temperatures (≤10 °C) but week or less ≥20 °C. relationship between temperature species. propose general temperature-dependent predict maximum through single-species methods.

Language: Английский

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When nature needs a helping hand: Different levels of human intervention for mangrove (re-)establishment

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Aug. 9, 2022

Protecting existing mangrove forests is a priority for global conservation because of the wide range services that these coastal provide to humankind. Despite recent reduction in rates loss, high historical loss mean there are at least 800,000 ha globally potentially suitable re-establishment. Recently deposited mud banks or intertidal, previously terrestrial, land might additional habitat expanding areas locally. There long history rehabilitation. However, despite numerous good examples of, and growing expertise in, natural assisted (re-)establishment activities, most planting efforts, instance, either fail entirely meet with only limited success. Exposed waves currents subject tidal inundation, mangroves differ from terrestrial forests, approaches to, tools for, forest restoration cannot easily be transferred forests. Successful usually requires robust understanding abiotic biotic conditions chosen site, ecological requirements species used facilitated, reasons previous degradation, as well barriers–both societal ecological–that have prevented recovery date. Because socio-ecological systems, which local human populations intimately engaged, will normally require support engagement with, communities other stakeholders. Here, we summarize where, when why needed how assess this need. We discuss potential aims goals along pitfalls way conceiving initial idea its realization. compare different technical conceptual (re-)establishment, their challenges opportunities, design financial requirements, solutions. ground our final outlook recommendations on successful efforts factors rendered past.

Language: Английский

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Monitoring status and trends in genetic diversity for the Convention on Biological Diversity: An ongoing assessment of genetic indicators in nine countries

Conservation Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(3)

Published: May 1, 2023

Abstract Recent scientific evidence shows that genetic diversity must be maintained, managed, and monitored to protect biodiversity nature's contributions people. Three indicators, two of which do not require DNA‐based assessment, have been proposed for reporting the Convention on Biological Diversity other conservation policy initiatives. These indicators allow an approximation status trends inform policy, using existing demographic geographic information. Application these has initiated here we describe ongoing efforts in calculating with examples. We specifically a project underway apply nine countries, provide example calculations, address concerns makers implementation challenges, roadmap further development deployment, incorporating feedback from broader community. also present guidance documents data collection tools indicators. demonstrate Parties can successfully cost‐effectively report observation data, and, doing so, better conserve Earth's biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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The application gap: Genomics for biodiversity and ecosystem service management

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 278, P. 109883 - 109883

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

The conservation of biodiversity from the genetic to community levels is fundamental for continual provision ecosystem services (ES), benefits that ecosystems provide people. Genetic and genomic diversity enhance resilience populations communities underpin functions services. We show genomics applications are mostly limited flagship species their ES management underachieved. propose a framework on how can guide sustainable bridge this genomics-ES 'application gap'. review knowledge in single (relatedness, potentially adaptive variants) or interacting (host-microorganism coevolution, hybridization) effective actions. These include population supplementation, assisted migration hybridization promote climate-adapted variants potential, control invasives, delimitation areas, provenancing strategies restoration, managing microbial function solving trade-offs. Genomics-informed actions improved outcomes supported through synergies between scientists managers at local, regional international levels, development standardized workflows, training incorporation local information. Such facilitate implementation policies such as UN 2030 goals EU Biodiversity strategy 2030, support inclusion ambitious new CBD post-2020 Global Framework hybrids.

Language: Английский

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Evaluating the effects of landscape fragmentation on ecosystem services: A three-decade perspective

Ecological Informatics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 77, P. 102283 - 102283

Published: Aug. 29, 2023

Language: Английский

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Towards harmonized standards for freshwater biodiversity monitoring and biological assessment using benthic macroinvertebrates

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 918, P. 170360 - 170360

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

Monitoring programs at sub-national and national scales lack coordination, harmonization, systematic review analysis continental global scales, thus fail to adequately assess evaluate drivers of biodiversity ecosystem degradation loss large spatial scales. Here we the state art, gaps challenges in freshwater assessment for both biological condition (bioassessment) monitoring ecosystems using benthic macroinvertebrate community. To existence nationally- regionally- (sub-nationally-) accepted protocols that are put practice/used each country, conducted a survey from November 2022 May 2023. Responses 110 respondents based 67 countries were received. Although responses varied their consistency, clearly demonstrated being done levels lakes, rivers artificial waterbodies. Programs bioassessment more widespread, some cases even harmonized among several countries. We identified 20 challenges, which classed into five major categories, these (a) field sampling, (b) sample processing identification, (c) metrics indices, (d) assessment, (e) other challenges. Above all, identify harmonization as one most important gaps, hindering efficient collaboration communication. IUCN SSC Global Freshwater Macroinvertebrate Sampling Protocols Task Force (GLOSAM) means address globally-harmonized protocols.

Language: Английский

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Restoring soil biodiversity

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(9), P. R393 - R398

Published: May 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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