International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
23(14), P. 7802 - 7802
Published: July 15, 2022
Most
living
organisms
have
in
their
genome
a
sizable
proportion
of
DNA
sequences
capable
mobilization;
these
are
commonly
referred
to
as
transposons,
transposable
elements
(TEs),
or
jumping
genes.
Although
long
thought
no
biological
significance,
advances
sequencing
and
analytical
technologies
enabled
precise
characterization
TEs
confirmed
ubiquitous
presence
across
all
forms
life.
These
findings
ignited
intense
debates
over
significance.
The
available
evidence
now
supports
the
notion
that
exert
major
influence
many
aspects
organismal
Transposable
contribute
significantly
evolution
by
giving
rise
genetic
variations
both
active
passive
modes.
Due
intrinsic
nature
mobility
within
genome,
primarily
cause
gene
disruption
large-scale
genomic
alterations
including
inversions,
deletions,
duplications.
Besides
instability,
growing
also
points
physiologically
important
functions
TEs,
such
regulation
through
cis-acting
control
modulation
transcriptome
epigenetic
control.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
latest
demonstrating
impact
on
stability
underling
mechanisms,
those
developed
mitigate
deleterious
human
health.
We
highlighted
potential
therapeutic
application
TEs.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
6(1)
Published: June 28, 2021
Remarkable
progress
in
ageing
research
has
been
achieved
over
the
past
decades.
General
perceptions
and
experimental
evidence
pinpoint
that
decline
of
physical
function
often
initiates
by
cell
senescence
organ
ageing.
Epigenetic
dynamics
immunometabolic
reprogramming
link
to
alterations
cellular
response
intrinsic
extrinsic
stimuli,
representing
current
hotspots
as
they
not
only
(re-)shape
individual
identity,
but
also
involve
fate
decision.
This
review
focuses
on
present
findings
emerging
concepts
epigenetic,
inflammatory,
metabolic
regulations
consequences
process.
Potential
therapeutic
interventions
targeting
regulatory
mechanisms,
using
state-of-the-art
techniques
are
discussed.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
8
Published: May 19, 2020
Flexibility
in
the
exchange
of
genetic
material
takes
place
between
different
organisms
same
or
species.
This
phenomenon
is
known
to
play
a
key
role
genetic,
physiological,
and
ecological
performance
host.
Exchange
materials
can
cause
both
beneficial
and/or
adverse
biological
consequences.
Horizontal
gene
transfer
(HGT)
lateral
(LGT)
as
general
mechanism
leads
biodiversity
innovations
nature.
HGT
mediators
are
one
engineering
tools
used
for
selective
introduction
desired
changes
genome
gene/cell
therapy
purposes.
HGT,
however,
crucial
development,
emergence,
recurrence
various
human-related
diseases,
such
cancer,
genetic-,
metabolic-,
neurodegenerative
disorders
negatively
affect
therapeutic
outcome
by
promoting
resistant
forms
disrupting
editing
toolkits.
Because
importance
its
vital
physio-
pathological
roles,
here
variety
mechanisms
reviewed,
ranging
from
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
nanotubes
prokaryotes
cell-free
DNA
apoptotic
bodies
eukaryotes.
Next,
we
argue
that
plays
development
useful
features
states
associated
with
emerging
recurrent
disease.
A
better
understanding
their
genome-altering
effects/potentials
may
pave
way
more
effective
diagnostic
regimes.
Viruses,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
12(8), P. 884 - 884
Published: Aug. 13, 2020
Almost
half
of
the
human
genome
is
made
up
transposable
elements
(TEs),
and
about
8%
consists
endogenous
retroviruses
(ERVs).
ERVs
are
remnants
ancient
exogenous
retrovirus
infections
germ
line.
Most
TEs
inactive
not
detrimental
to
host.
They
tightly
regulated
ensure
genomic
stability
host
avoid
deregulation
nearby
gene
loci.
Histone-based
posttranslational
modifications
such
as
H3K9
trimethylation
one
main
silencing
mechanisms.
Trim28
identified
master
regulators
silencing,
which
recruits
most
prominently
methyltransferase
Setdb1,
among
other
factors.
Sumoylation
ATP-dependent
chromatin
remodeling
factors
seem
contribute
proper
localization
ERV
sequences
promote
interaction
with
Setdb1.
Additionally,
DNA
methylation
well
RNA-mediated
targeting
piRNA-based
play
important
roles
in
regulation.
Despite
involvement
overexpression
several
cancer
types,
autoimmune
diseases,
viral
pathologies,
now
also
appreciated
for
their
potential
positive
role
evolution.
can
provide
new
regulatory
or
novel
binding
sites
transcription
factors,
products
even
be
repurposed
benefit
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: March 5, 2021
Abstract
Transposable
elements
(TEs)
make
up
a
majority
of
typical
eukaryote’s
genome,
and
contribute
to
cell
heterogeneity
in
unclear
ways.
Single-cell
sequencing
technologies
are
powerful
tools
explore
cells,
however
analysis
is
typically
gene-centric
TE
expression
has
not
been
addressed.
Here,
we
develop
single-cell
processing
pipeline,
scTE,
report
the
TEs
single
cells
range
biological
contexts.
Specific
types
expressed
subpopulations
embryonic
stem
dynamically
regulated
during
pluripotency
reprogramming,
differentiation,
embryogenesis.
Unexpectedly,
somatic
including
human
disease-specific
that
undetectable
bulk
analyses.
Finally,
apply
scTE
ATAC-seq
data,
demonstrate
can
discriminate
type
using
chromatin
accessibly
alone.
Overall,
our
results
classify
dynamic
patterns
their
contributions
heterogeneity.
