Does the epithelial barrier hypothesis explain the increase in allergy, autoimmunity and other chronic conditions?

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(11), P. 739 - 751

Published: April 12, 2021

Language: Английский

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Bifidobacteria-mediated immune system imprinting early in life

Cell, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 184(15), P. 3884 - 3898.e11

Published: June 17, 2021

Immune-microbe interactions early in life influence the risk of allergies, asthma, and other inflammatory diseases. Breastfeeding guides healthier immune-microbe relationships by providing nutrients to specialized microbes that turn benefit host's immune system. Such bacteria have co-evolved with humans but are now increasingly rare modern societies. Here we show a lack bifidobacteria, particular depletion genes required for human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) utilization from metagenome, is associated systemic inflammation dysregulation life. In breastfed infants given Bifidobacterium infantis EVC001, which expresses all HMO-utilization genes, intestinal T helper 2 (Th2) Th17 cytokines were silenced interferon β (IFNβ) was induced. Fecal water EVC001-supplemented contains abundant indolelactate B. infantis-derived indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) upregulated immunoregulatory galectin-1 Th2 cells during polarization, functional link between beneficial immunoregulation first months

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota in COVID-19: key microbial changes, potential mechanisms and clinical applications

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. 323 - 337

Published: Oct. 21, 2022

Language: Английский

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Advances and highlights in biomarkers of allergic diseases

Allergy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 76(12), P. 3659 - 3686

Published: Sept. 14, 2021

During the past years, there has been a global outbreak of allergic diseases, presenting considerable medical and socioeconomical burden. A large fraction diseases is characterized by type 2 immune response involving Th2 cells, innate lymphoid eosinophils, mast M2 macrophages. Biomarkers are valuable parameters for precision medicine as they provide information on disease endotypes, clusters, diagnoses, identification therapeutic targets, monitoring treatment efficacies. The availability powerful omics technologies, together with integrated data analysis network-based approaches can help clinically useful biomarkers. These biomarkers need to be accurately quantified using robust reproducible methods, such reliable point-of-care systems. Ideally, samples should collected quick, cost-efficient noninvasive methods. In recent plethora research directed toward finding novel diseases. Promising include sputum serum periostin exhaled nitric oxide. Several other biomarkers, pro-inflammatory mediators, miRNAs, eicosanoid molecules, epithelial barrier integrity, microbiota changes diagnosis in serum, body fluids air. Herein, we review studies asthma, chronic urticaria, atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, food allergies, anaphylaxis, drug hypersensitivity allergen immunotherapy. addition, discuss COVID-19 within perspective recommendations management asthmatic patients during pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Cellular and molecular mechanisms of allergic asthma

Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 85, P. 100995 - 100995

Published: Aug. 5, 2021

Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways, which affects more than 350 million people worldwide. It most common in children, affecting at least 30 children and young adults Europe. complex, partially heritable with marked heterogeneity. Its development influenced both by genetic environmental factors. The common, as well characterized subtype asthma allergic eosinophilic asthma, type 2 airway inflammation. prevalence has substantially increased industrialized countries during last 60 years. mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon are incompletely understood, however exposure to various pollutants probably plays role. Disease inception thought be enabled disadvantageous shift balance between protective harmful lifestyle factors, including commensal microbes versus infection pathogens, collectively leading epithelial cell damage disrupted barrier integrity. Epithelial cell-derived cytokines one main drivers immune response against innocuous allergens, ultimately infiltration lung tissue T helper (TH2) cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), M2 macrophages eosinophils. This review outlines responsible for orchestration inflammation summarizes novel findings, but not limited dysregulated integrity, alarmin release stimulation.

Language: Английский

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Perinatal and Early-Life Nutrition, Epigenetics, and Allergy

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 724 - 724

Published: Feb. 25, 2021

Epidemiological studies have shown a dramatic increase in the incidence and prevalence of allergic diseases over last several decades. Environmental triggers including risk factors (e.g., pollution), loss rural living conditions farming conditions), nutritional status maternal, breastfeeding) are considered major contributors to this increase. The influences these environmental thought be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms which heritable, reversible, biologically relevant biochemical modifications chromatin carrying genetic information without changing nucleotide sequence genome. An important feature characterizing epigenetically-mediated processes is existence time frame where induced effects strongest therefore most crucial. This period between conception, pregnancy, first years life 1000 days) optimal for factors, such as nutrition, exert their beneficial effects. In current review, we discussed impact exposure bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungal components, microbiome metabolites, specific components polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), vitamins, plant- animal-derived microRNAs, breast milk) on patterns related manifestations. We gave insight into signature bioactive milk nutrition neonatal T cell development. Several lines evidence suggest that atypical metabolic reprogramming extrinsic allergens, pollutants, diet, or might drive cellular dysfunctions defective immune responses disease. Therefore, described knowledge relationship immunometabolism allergy mechanisms. presented will give changes potential maternal post-natal development

Language: Английский

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Food Allergy and Intolerance: A Narrative Review on Nutritional Concerns

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 1638 - 1638

Published: May 13, 2021

Adverse food reactions include immune-mediated allergies and non-immune-mediated intolerances. However, this distinction the involvement of different pathogenetic mechanisms are often confused. Furthermore, there is a discrepancy between perceived vs. actual prevalence non-immune to that extremely common. The risk an inappropriate approach their correct identification can lead diets with severe nutritional deficiencies. This narrative review provides outline pathophysiologic clinical features immune adverse food-along general diagnostic therapeutic strategies. Special emphasis placed on specific concerns for each these conditions from combined point view gastroenterology immunology, in attempt offer useful tool practicing physicians discriminating diverging disease entities planning management. We conclude dietary control both immune- food-induced diseases might minimize gaps patients, thus helping improve quality life reduce economic costs

Language: Английский

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Gut-derived short-chain fatty acids modulate skin barrier integrity by promoting keratinocyte metabolism and differentiation

Mucosal Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 908 - 926

Published: June 7, 2022

Barrier integrity is central to the maintenance of healthy immunological homeostasis. Impaired skin barrier function linked with enhanced allergen sensitization and development diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), which can precede other allergic disorders, for example, food allergies asthma. Epidemiological evidence indicates that children suffering from have lower levels dietary fibre-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Using an experimental model AD-like inflammation, we report a fermentable fibre-rich diet alleviates systemic disease severity. The gut-skin axis underpins this phenomenon through SCFA production, particularly butyrate, strengthens by altering mitochondrial metabolism epidermal keratinocytes production key structural components. Our results demonstrate fibre improve integrity, ultimately limiting early development.The Graphical Abstract was designed using Servier Medical Art images ( https://smart.servier.com ).

Language: Английский

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Akkermansia muciniphila exacerbates food allergy in fibre-deprived mice

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(10), P. 1863 - 1879

Published: Sept. 11, 2023

Abstract Alterations in the gut microbiome, including diet-driven changes, are linked to rising prevalence of food allergy. However, little is known about how specific bacteria trigger breakdown oral tolerance. Here we show that depriving specific-pathogen-free mice dietary fibre leads a microbiota signature with increases mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila . This associated intestinal barrier dysfunction, increased expression type 1 and 2 cytokines IgE-coated commensals colon, which result an exacerbated allergic reaction allergens, ovalbumin peanut. To demonstrate causal role A. , employed tractable synthetic human gnotobiotic mice. The presence within microbiota, combined deprivation, resulted stronger anti-commensal IgE coating innate type-2 immune responses, worsened symptoms Our study provides important insights into microbes can regulate pathways allergy diet-dependent manner.

Language: Английский

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A systematic framework for understanding the microbiome in human health and disease: from basic principles to clinical translation

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Sept. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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