Nanomedicine in cancer therapy

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Cancer remains a highly lethal disease in the world. Currently, either conventional cancer therapies or modern immunotherapies are non-tumor-targeted therapeutic approaches that cannot accurately distinguish malignant cells from healthy ones, giving rise to multiple undesired side effects. Recent advances nanotechnology, accompanied by our growing understanding of biology and nano-bio interactions, have led development series nanocarriers, which aim improve efficacy while reducing off-target toxicity encapsulated anticancer agents through tumor tissue-, cell-, organelle-specific targeting. However, vast majority nanocarriers do not possess hierarchical targeting capability, their indices often compromised poor accumulation, inefficient cellular internalization, inaccurate subcellular localization. This Review outlines current prospective strategies design organelle-targeted nanomedicines, highlights latest progress technologies can dynamically integrate these three different stages static maximize outcomes. Finally, we briefly discuss challenges future opportunities for clinical translation nanomedicines.

Language: Английский

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Tumor‐Microenvironment‐Responsive Nanomedicine for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Nov. 19, 2021

Abstract The past decades have witnessed great progress in cancer immunotherapy, which has profoundly revolutionized oncology, whereas low patient response rates and potential immune‐related adverse events remain major clinical challenges. With the advantages of controlled delivery modular flexibility, nanomedicine offered opportunities to strengthen antitumor immune responses sensitize tumor immunotherapy. Furthermore, tumor‐microenvironment (TME)‐responsive been demonstrated achieve specific localized amplification tissue a safe effective manner, increasing immunotherapy reducing side effects simultaneously. Here, recent TME‐responsive for is summarized, responds signals TME, such as weak acidity, reductive environment, high‐level reactive oxygen species, hypoxia, overexpressed enzymes, adenosine triphosphate. Moreover, combine nanomedicine‐based therapy immunotherapeutic strategies overcome each step cancer‐immunity cycle enhance discussed. Finally, existing challenges further perspectives this rising field with hope improved development applications are

Language: Английский

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Intratumoral plasma cells predict outcomes to PD-L1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer

Cancer Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 40(3), P. 289 - 300.e4

Published: Feb. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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The Evasion Mechanisms of Cancer Immunity and Drug Intervention in the Tumor Microenvironment

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 24, 2022

Recently, in the field of cancer treatment, paradigm has changed to immunotherapy that activates immune system induce attacks. Among them, checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are attracting attention as excellent and continuous clinical results. However, it shows not only limitations such efficacy some patients or indications, but also side-effects resistance occur. Therefore, is necessary understand factors tumor microenvironment (TME) affect immunotherapy, is, mechanism by which grows while evading suppressing attacks from within TME. Tumors can evade through various mechanisms restricting antigen recognition, inhibiting system, inducing T cell exhaustion. In addition, tumors inhibit accumulating specific metabolites signal TME limiting nutrients available cells. order overcome develop effective treatments therapeutic strategies, an approach needed functions cells integrated manner based on this review, we will examine effects cells, especially how anti-cancer strategies

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and Cancer: Current Challenges and Perspectives

Cancer Cell, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 38(5), P. 629 - 646

Published: Oct. 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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Current applications and future perspective of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in cancer

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Feb. 21, 2022

Abstract Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system provides adaptive immunity against plasmids and phages in prokaryotes. This inspires the development of a powerful genome engineering tool, CRISPR/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) editing system. Due to its high efficiency precision, CRISPR/Cas9 technique has been employed explore functions cancer-related genes, establish tumor-bearing animal models probe drug targets, vastly increasing our understanding cancer genomics. Here, we review current status gene technology oncological research. We first explain basic principles introduce several new CRISPR-based modes. next detail rapid progress CRISPR screening revealing tumorigenesis, metastasis, resistance mechanisms. In addition, delivery vectors finally demonstrate potential enhance effect adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) reduce adverse reactions.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic strategies targeting inflammation and immunity in atherosclerosis: how to proceed?

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(8), P. 522 - 542

Published: Jan. 31, 2022

Language: Английский

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Molecular targeted therapy for anticancer treatment

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 54(10), P. 1670 - 1694

Published: Oct. 12, 2022

Abstract Since the initial clinical approval in late 1990s and remarkable anticancer effects for certain types of cancer, molecular targeted therapy utilizing small molecule agents or therapeutic monoclonal antibodies acting as signal transduction inhibitors has served a fundamental backbone precision medicine cancer treatment. These approaches are now used clinically first-line various human cancers. Compared to conventional chemotherapy, have efficient with fewer side effects. However, emergence drug resistance is major drawback therapy, several strategies been attempted improve efficacy by overcoming such resistance. Herein, we summarize current knowledge regarding agents, including classification, brief biology target kinases, mechanisms action, examples perspectives future development.

Language: Английский

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Immunobiology and immunotherapy of HCC: spotlight on innate and innate-like immune cells

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 18(1), P. 112 - 127

Published: Nov. 24, 2020

Language: Английский

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Tumor Immune Microenvironment during Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition

Clinical Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(17), P. 4669 - 4679

Published: April 7, 2021

Abstract Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to play a critical role in tumor development from initiation metastasis. EMT could be regarded as continuum, with intermediate hybrid epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes having high plasticity. Classical is characterized by the phenotype change of cells properties, but also associated multiple other molecular processes, including immune evasion. Some previous studies have that cell number immunosuppressive cells, such myeloid-derived suppressor expression checkpoints, programmed death-ligand 1, several cancer types. At level, transcriptional factors, Snail, Zeb1, Twist1, produce or attract promote checkpoint molecules via chemokine production, leading microenvironment. In turn, factors induce cells. This feedback loop between immunosuppression promotes progression. For therapy directly targeting challenging, elucidation interactive regulation desirable for developing new therapeutic approaches cancer. The combination inhibitors immunotherapy promising EMT.

Language: Английский

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