SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. 270 - 284

Published: March 30, 2022

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 infection and persistence in the human body and brain at autopsy

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 612(7941), P. 758 - 763

Published: Dec. 14, 2022

Language: Английский

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Host-directed immunotherapy of viral and bacterial infections: past, present and future

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 121 - 133

Published: June 7, 2022

Language: Английский

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T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2

Annual Review of Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 343 - 373

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

A large body of evidence generated in the last two and a half years addresses roles T cells SARS-CoV-2 infection following vaccination. Infection or vaccination induces multi-epitope CD4 CD8 cell responses with polyfunctionality. Early have been associated mild COVID-19 outcomes. In concert animal model data, these results suggest that while antibody are key to prevent infection, may also play valuable reducing disease severity controlling infection. memory after is sustained for at least six months. While neutralizing impacted by variants, most preserved. This review highlights extensive progress made, data knowledge gaps remain, our understanding vaccines.

Language: Английский

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SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and multi-organ system damage: a review

Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 16, 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 infection causes COVID-19, which has affected approximately six hundred million people globally as of August 2022. Organs and cells harboring angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) surface receptors are the primary targets virus. However, once it enters body through respiratory system, virus can spread hematogenously to infect other organs. Therefore, COVID-19 affects many organs, causing severe long-term complications, even after disease ended, thus worsening quality life. Although is known that system most by infection, organs/systems in short long term. Since simultaneously redesigning diagnostic therapy policies fit damaged organs strongly recommended. Even though pathophysiology problems unknown, frequency cases rises with age existence preexisting symptoms. This study aims update our knowledge multi-organ dysfunction interaction based on clinical theoretical evidence. For this purpose, comprehensively elucidates recent studies effects multiple systems, including respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, nervous, endocrine, reproductive, immune, parts integumentary system. Understanding range atypical symptoms could improve surveillance, limit transmission, avoid additional multi-organ-system problems.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 and innate immunity: the good, the bad, and the “goldilocks”

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 171 - 183

Published: Nov. 20, 2023

Abstract An ancient conflict between hosts and pathogens has driven the innate adaptive arms of immunity. Knowledge about this interplay can not only help us identify biological mechanisms but also reveal pathogen vulnerabilities that be leveraged therapeutically. The humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection been focus intense research, role immune system received significantly less attention. Here, we review current knowledge various means employs evade defense systems. We consider immunity in vaccines phenomenon long COVID.

Language: Английский

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The COVID-19 and TB syndemic: the way forward

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26(8), P. 710 - 719

Published: July 28, 2022

Together, SARS-CoV-2 and

Language: Английский

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Circulating microRNA signatures associated with disease severity and outcome in COVID-19 patients

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Aug. 11, 2022

SARS-CoV-2 induces a spectrum of clinical conditions ranging from asymptomatic infection to life threatening severe disease. Host microRNAs have been involved in the cytokine storm driven by and proposed as candidate biomarkers for COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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COVID‐19 immunopathology: From acute diseases to chronic sequelae

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 95(1)

Published: Sept. 3, 2022

The clinical manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mainly targets the lung as a primary affected organ, which is also critical site immune cell activation by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, recent reports suggest involvement extrapulmonary tissues in COVID-19 pathology. interplay both innate and adaptive responses key to management. As result, robust response provides first line defense, concomitantly, immunity neutralizes infection builds memory for long-term protection. dysregulated immunity, adaptive, can skew towards immunopathology chronic cases. Here we have summarized some findings that provide insight into caused SARS-CoV-2, post-acute Finally, further discuss immunomodulatory drugs preclinical trials dampening COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Human lungs show limited permissiveness for SARS-CoV-2 due to scarce ACE2 levels but virus-induced expansion of inflammatory macrophages

European Respiratory Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 60(6), P. 2102725 - 2102725

Published: June 21, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) utilises the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) transmembrane peptidase as cellular entry receptor. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 in alveolar compartment is strictly ACE2-dependent and to what extent virus-induced tissue damage and/or direct immune activation determines early pathogenesis still elusive.Spectral microscopy, single-cell/-nucleus RNA sequencing or ACE2 "gain-of-function" experiments were applied infected human lung explants adult stem cell derived organoids correlate related host factors with tropism, propagation, virulence compared SARS-CoV, influenza Middle East (MERS-CoV). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) autopsy material was used validate ex vivo results.We provide evidence that expression must be considered scarce, thereby limiting propagation alveolus. Instead, lungs COVID-19 samples showed macrophages frequently positive for SARS-CoV-2. Single-cell/-nucleus transcriptomics further revealed nonproductive virus uptake a inflammatory anti-viral activation, especially "inflammatory macrophages", comparable those induced by SARS-CoV MERS-CoV, but different from NL63 infection.Collectively, our findings indicate severe injury probably results macrophage-triggered rather than viral of compartment.

Language: Английский

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