The significance of gut microbiota in the etiology of autoimmune hepatitis: a narrative review

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the liver that mediated by autoimmunity and has complex pathogenesis. Its prevalence increased globally. Since first organ to be exposed harmful substances, such as gut-derived intestinal microbiota its metabolites, gut health closely related health, "liver-gut axis" allows abnormalities in influence development liver-related diseases AIH. Changes composition resultant disruption barrier microbial transport are involved multiple ways immune homeostasis inflammation, thereby influencing In terms mechanisms immune, or which decreased secondary bile acids, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), polyamines, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), branched-chain amino (BCAA), tryptophan metabolite, acid, can disrupt activating various cells immune-related signaling pathways, resulting aberrant activation system. Clarifying this mechanism significant clinical implications for treatment AIH with drugs target pathways. Therefore, narrative review summarizes progress exploring involvement pathogenesis AIH, aim helping improve precise targeting therapeutic treatments against benefit treatment.

Language: Английский

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The Progression of Microbiome Therapeutics for the Management of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Beyond

Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 167(5), P. 885 - 902

Published: May 14, 2024

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota as a biomarker and modulator of anti-tumor immunotherapy outcomes

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Nov. 28, 2024

Although immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly improved cancer treatment, their effectiveness is limited by primary or acquired resistance in many patients. The gut microbiota, through its production of metabolites and regulation immune cell functions, plays a vital role maintaining balance influencing the response to immunotherapies. This review highlights evidence linking specific microbial characteristics increased therapeutic efficacy variety cancers, such as gastrointestinal melanoma, lung cancer, urinary system reproductive suggesting microbiota’s potential predictive biomarker for ICI responsiveness. It also explores possibility enhancing fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, dietary modifications. Moreover, underscores need extensive randomized controlled trials confirm value establish guidelines microbiota-targeted interventions immunotherapy. In summary, article suggests that balanced key maximizing immunotherapy benefits calls further research optimize modulation strategies treatment. advocates deeper comprehension complex interactions between host immunity, therapy, aiming more personalized effective treatment options.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota and glioma: a new perspective from association to clinical translation

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Aug. 26, 2024

Gliomas pose a significant challenge in oncology due to their malignant nature, aggressive growth, frequent recurrence, and complications posed by the blood-brain barrier. Emerging research has revealed critical role of gut microbiota influencing health disease, indicating its possible impact on glioma pathogenesis treatment responsiveness. This review focused existing evidence hypotheses relationship between from progression invasion. By discussing mechanisms through which may affect biology, this paper offers new avenues for targeted therapies precision medicine oncology.

Language: Английский

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Yeast paves the way for cancer immunotherapy

Cell chemical biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 32(1), P. 9 - 11

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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CD47 blockade reverses resistance to HDAC inhibitor by liberating anti-tumor capacity of macrophages

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 44(1)

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Abstract Background Targeting oncogenic histone modification by deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) demonstrates promising prospects in clinical cancer treatment, whereas a notable proportion of patients cannot benefit from HDACi therapy. This study aims to explore how influences the tumor microenvironment, order identify potential targets for reversing resistance therapies. Methods Macrophage infiltration was compared between HDACi-responding and HDACi-nonresponding patients. The impact HDACis on phagocytic capacity macrophages investigated through macrophage-tumor cell co-culture system. CD47 expression lines patient-derived organoids evaluated quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) flow cytometry. Mechanistic studies were conducted co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). synergistic effect neutralizing antibody assessed subcutaneous murine models. Bioinformatics approaches adopted analyze macrophage determines prognostic significance Results High is determinant therapeutic non-response HDACi, who did not respond exhibit massive tumor-associated (TAMs). TAM depletion reversed Mechanistically, impaired against cells epigenetically upregulating expression. Reciprocally, HDACi-upregulated polarized towards pro-tumor M2 phenotype SIRPα ligation. In tumor-bearing mice, monotherapy only marginally delayed progression, while concurrent neutralization exhibited potent anti-tumor re-educating TAMs tumoricidal phenotype. patients, found determine TAMs. Conclusions Our offers rationale targeting or blocking sensitize therapies

Language: Английский

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The influence of microbiome‐derived amino acids metabolites in shaping the glioma immunosuppressive microenvironment

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Abstract Gliomas are the most common intracranial tumors characterized by highly malignant behavior. In addition to genetic and epigenetic mutations, unique cancer microenvironment (CME) plays a pivotal role in glioma progression resistance therapy. Among critical factors CME, amino acid metabolism stands out for its significant influence, with specific acids suppressing anti‐cancer immune responses promoting an immunosuppressive environment. The human microbiota affect host functions, disruptions homeostasis leading metabolic alterations dysfunction various diseases. Emerging evidence highlights of microbiota‐derived metabolites, including acids, reprogramming CME modulating oncogenic signaling pathways. This review examines influence gut microbiome on metabolism—namely, tryptophan, tyrosine, arginine, branched‐chain acids—and evaluates potential roles microbiome‐derived metabolites prognosis diagnosis glioma.

Language: Английский

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Faecal microbiota transplantation combined with platinum-based doublet chemotherapy and tislelizumab as first-line treatment for driver-gene negative advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): study protocol for a prospective, multicentre, single-arm exploratory trial

BMJ Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. e094366 - e094366

Published: March 1, 2025

The standard first-line treatment for driver-gene negative advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy. However, owing to the immune microenvironment imbalance and status impairment caused by repeated chemotherapy, as well primary or secondary resistance checkpoint inhibitors, efficacy of immunotherapy remains unsatisfactory. Recent studies have shown that faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can modulate intestinal microflora, influence tumour even enhance Hence, we conduct such a prospective, exploratory study evaluate safety integrating FMT in patients NSCLC. FMT-JSNO-02 (NCT06403111) multicentre, single-arm study. It planned include 62 cases previously untreated negative, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status 0-1, programmed death ligand 1<50% NSCLC patients, who will be given orally ingested stool capsules on basis endpoint this 12-month progression-free survival rate. was approved ethics committee Second People's Hospital Changzhou (number [2024] YLJSA005) being conducted accordance principles Declaration Helsinki. results disseminated through publication peer-reviewed journal presentation at scientific conferences. NCT06403111. Date registration: 7 May 2024, first version protocol.

Language: Английский

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Assessing the impact of probiotics on immunotherapy effectiveness and antibiotic-mediated resistance in cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 21, 2025

Background Probiotics have been demonstrated to exert a potential clinical enhancing effect in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), while antibiotics detrimental impact. Prior meta-analysis papers substantial limitations and are devoid of recent published studies. Therefore, this study aimed perform an updated and, for the first time, assess whether probiotics can restore damage immunotherapy. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted three English databases Chinese with cutoff date August 11, 2024. The methodological quality studies evaluated using Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) or Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2). Engauge Digitizer v12.1 employed extract hazard ratios (HRs) 95% confidence interval (CI) survival outcomes when these data were not explicitly provided manuscripts. Meta-analysis Stata 14 software. Results sample comprised eight retrospective four prospective studies, involving total 3,142 participants. findings indicate that significantly prolong overall (OS) (I 2 = 31.2%; HR=0.58, CI: 0.46-0.73, p &lt; 0.001) progression-free (PFS) 65.2%; HR=0.66, 0.54-0.81, ICIs, enhance objective response rate (ORR) 33.5%; OR=1.75, 1.27-2.40, disease control (DCR) 50.0%; OR=1.93, 1.11-3.35, 0.002). For non-small cell lung (NSCLC) exposed antibiotics, use associated superior OS 0.0%; HR=0.45, 0.34-0.59, PFS HR=0.48, 0.38-0.62, compared non-users. Subgroup differences observed regarding type (P=0.006) ethnic backgrounds (P=0.011) OS. Conclusions suggest effectively extend treated ICIs. In NSCLC, appear mitigate negative impact on immunotherapy effectiveness, which has profound significance. Nevertheless, additional large-scale, high-quality randomized controlled trials necessary further validate findings. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=579047 , identifier CRD42024579047.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the fungal frontier: mycological insights into inflammatory bowel disease

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 26, 2025

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurrent gastrointestinal that seriously affects the quality of life patients around world. It characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, and mucous bloody stools. There an urgent need for more accurate diagnosis effective treatment IBD. Accumulated evidence suggests gut microbiota plays important role in occurrence development inflammation. However, most studies on IBD have focused bacteria, while fungal microorganisms been neglected. Fungal dysbiosis can activate host protective immune pathway related to integrity epithelial barrier release variety pro-inflammatory cytokines trigger inflammatory response. Dectin-1, CARD9, IL-17 signaling pathways may be drivers dysbacteriosis In addition, fungal-bacterial interactions fungal-derived metabolites also play role. Based this information, we explored new strategies targeting intestinal group its metabolites, such as probiotics, antifungal drugs, diet therapy, fecal transplantation (FMT). This review aims summarize pathogenesis IBD, provide insights directions further research emerging field.

Language: Английский

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