Vaccine adjuvants: mechanisms and platforms

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: July 19, 2023

Abstract Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in vaccines, their action mechanisms not yet clear. With a greater understanding the by which innate immune response controls antigen-specific response, adjuvants’ beginning to be elucidated. can categorized as immunostimulants and delivery systems. Immunostimulants danger signal molecules that lead maturation activation antigen-presenting cells (APCs) targeting Toll-like receptors (TLRs) other pattern recognition (PRRs) promote production antigen signals co-stimulatory signals, turn enhance adaptive responses. On hand, systems carrier materials facilitate presentation prolonging bioavailability loaded antigens, well antigens lymph nodes or APCs. The systematically summarized at this review. This is followed an introduction mechanisms, properties, progress classical vaccine adjuvants. Furthermore, since some adjuvants under investigation exhibit potency than adjuvants, could compensate for deficiencies summary adjuvant platforms subsequently presented. Notably, we highlight different immunological properties these platforms, will provide wide range options rational design basis, review points out development prospects problems should paid attention future.

Language: Английский

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Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 124(9), P. 5505 - 5616

Published: April 16, 2024

The recent emergence of nanomedicine has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape and necessitated creation more sophisticated drug delivery systems. Polymeric nanoparticles sit at forefront numerous promising designs, due to their unmatched control over physiochemical properties such as size, shape, architecture, charge, surface functionality. Furthermore, polymeric have ability navigate various biological barriers precisely target specific sites within body, encapsulate a diverse range cargo efficiently release this in response internal external stimuli. However, despite these remarkable advantages, presence wider clinical application is minimal. This review will provide comprehensive understanding vehicles. affecting be outlined first, followed by description nanoparticle designs preparation methods, beginning with polymers on which they are based. meticulously explore current performance against myriad diseases including cancer, viral bacterial infections, before finally evaluating advantages crucial challenges that determine potential decades come.

Language: Английский

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Self‐Assembling Peptide‐Based Hydrogels for Wound Tissue Repair

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(10)

Published: Feb. 9, 2022

Wound healing is a long-term, multistage biological process that includes hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling requires intelligent designs to provide comprehensive convenient treatment. The complexity of wounds has led lack adequate wound treatment materials, which must systematically regulate unique microenvironments. Hydrogels have significant advantages in due their ability spatiotemporal control over the process. Self-assembling peptide-based hydrogels are particularly attractive innate biocompatibility biodegradability along with additional including ligand-receptor recognition, stimulus-responsive self-assembly, mimic extracellular matrix. materials self-assemble response physiological environment, resulting functionalized microscopic structures, makes them conducive This review introduces several self-assembling systems various emphasizes recent advances allow for precise during different stages healing. Moreover, development multifunctional can remodel immune microenvironment therapy also been summarized. Overall, this sheds light on future clinical practical applications hydrogels.

Language: Английский

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Machine Learning Methods for Small Data Challenges in Molecular Science

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 123(13), P. 8736 - 8780

Published: June 29, 2023

Small data are often used in scientific and engineering research due to the presence of various constraints, such as time, cost, ethics, privacy, security, technical limitations acquisition. However, big have been focus for past decade, small their challenges received little attention, even though they technically more severe machine learning (ML) deep (DL) studies. Overall, challenge is compounded by issues, diversity, imputation, noise, imbalance, high-dimensionality. Fortunately, current era characterized technological breakthroughs ML, DL, artificial intelligence (AI), which enable data-driven discovery, many advanced ML DL technologies developed inadvertently provided solutions problems. As a result, significant progress has made decade. In this review, we summarize analyze several emerging potential molecular science, including chemical biological sciences. We review both basic algorithms, linear regression, logistic regression (LR),

Language: Английский

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Virus-Like Particles: Revolutionary Platforms for Developing Vaccines Against Emerging Infectious Diseases

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 3, 2022

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are nanostructures that possess diverse applications in therapeutics, immunization, and diagnostics. With the recent advancements biomedical engineering technologies, commercially available VLP-based vaccines being extensively used to combat infectious diseases, whereas many more different stages of development clinical studies. Because their desired characteristics terms efficacy, safety, diversity, approaches might become recurrent years come. However, some production fabrication challenges must be addressed before can widely therapeutics. This review offers insight into development, with an emphasis on characteristics, expression systems, potential applicability as ideal candidates emerging virulent pathogens. Finally, vaccine viable efficient immunizing agents induce immunity against agents, including, SARS-CoV-2 protein nanoparticle-based has been elaborated. Thus, VLP may serve effective alternative conventional strategies combating diseases.

Language: Английский

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A Peritumorally Injected Immunomodulating Adjuvant Elicits Robust and Safe Metalloimmunotherapy against Solid Tumors

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(41)

Published: Aug. 20, 2022

Clinical immunotherapy of solid tumors elicits durable responses only in a minority patients, largely due to the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Although rational combinations vaccine adjuvants with inflammatory cytokines or immune agonists that relieve immunosuppression represent an appealing therapeutic strategy against tumors, there are unavoidable nonspecific toxicities pleiotropy and undesired activation off-target cells. Herein, Zn2+ doped layered double hydroxide (Zn-LDH) based immunomodulating adjuvant, which not relieves but also robust antitumor immunity, is reported. Peritumorally injected Zn-LDH sustainably neutralizes acidic TME releases abundant , promoting pro-inflammatory network composed M1-tumor-associated macrophages, cytotoxic T cells, natural-killer Moreover, internalized by cells effectively disrupts endo-/lysosomes block autophagy induces mitochondrial damage, released activates cGas-STING signaling pathway induce immunogenic cell death, further promotes release tumor-associated antigens antigen-specific lymphocytes. Unprecedentedly, merely injection without using any agonists, significantly inhibits growth, recurrence, metastasis mice. This study provides bottom-up design potent adjuvant for cancer metalloimmunotherapy tumors.

Language: Английский

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Dissolvable polymer microneedles for drug delivery and diagnostics

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 347, P. 561 - 589

Published: May 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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In situ generation of micrometer-sized tumor cell-derived vesicles as autologous cancer vaccines for boosting systemic immune responses

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Nov. 1, 2022

Cancer vaccine, which can promote tumor-specific immunostimulation, is one of the most important immunotherapeutic strategies and holds tremendous potential for cancer treatment/prevention. Here, we prepare a series nanoparticles composed doxorubicin- tyrosine kinase inhibitor-loaded hyaluronic acid-coated dendritic polymers (termed HDDT nanoparticles) find that convert various cells to micrometer-sized vesicles (1.6−3.2 μm; termed HMVs) with ~100% cell-to-HMV conversion efficiency. We confirm in two tumor-bearing mouse models restrain tumor growth, induce robust immunogenic cell death, primary into an antigen depot by producing HMVs situ serve as personalized vaccines immunotherapy. Furthermore, HDDT-healed mice show strong immune memory effect treatment realize long-term protection against rechallenge. Collectively, present work provides general strategy preparation tumor-associated antigen-containing development vaccines. Autologous elicit anti-tumor responses. authors report design polymer-based loaded doxorubicin inhibitor apatinib death production immuno-stimulatory vesicles, promoting responses preclinical models.

Language: Английский

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Microneedle-Mediated Transdermal Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 277 - 277

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

Transdermal delivery provides numerous benefits over conventional routes of administration. However, this strategy is generally limited to a few molecules with specific physicochemical properties (low molecular weight, high potency, and moderate lipophilicity) due the barrier function stratum corneum layer. Researchers have developed several physical enhancement techniques expand applications transdermal field; among these, microneedle technology has recently emerged as promising platform deliver therapeutic agents any size into across skin. Typically, hydrophilic biomolecules cannot penetrate skin by passive diffusion. Microneedle insertion disrupts integrity compromises its protective function, thus creating pathways (microchannels) for enhanced permeation macromolecules. Microneedles not only improve stability but also enhance various biomolecules. Academic institutions industrial companies invested substantial resources in development systems biopharmaceutical delivery. This review article summarizes most recent research provide comprehensive discussion about microneedle-mediated macromolecules, covering topics from introduction skin, delivery, microneedles, biopharmaceuticals (current status, administration, issues), different types, clinical trials, safety acceptability manufacturing regulatory issues, future technology.

Language: Английский

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Boosting Checkpoint Immunotherapy with Biomaterials

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 3225 - 3258

Published: Feb. 6, 2023

The immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has revolutionized the field of cancer treatment, while low response rates and systemic toxicity limit its clinical outcomes. With rapid advances in nanotechnology materials science, various types biomaterials have been developed to maximize therapeutic efficacy minimizing side effects by increasing tumor antigenicity, reversing immunosuppressive microenvironment, amplifying antitumor response, reducing extratumoral distribution inhibitors as well enhancing their retention within target sites. In this review, we reviewed current design strategies for different augment ICB effectively then discussed present representative biomaterial-assisted modulation targeted delivery boost therapy. Current challenges future development prospects expanding with were also summarized. We anticipate review will be helpful developing emerging promoting application

Language: Английский

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