Microbiota medicine: towards clinical revolution

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: March 7, 2022

Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by the largest microbial community within body consisting of trillions microbes called gut microbiota. normal flora site many physiological functions such as enhancing host immunity, participating in nutrient absorption and protecting against pathogenic microorganisms. Numerous investigations showed a bidirectional interplay between microbiota organs intestines, lungs, brain, skin. Large evidence demonstrated, more than decade ago, that alteration key factor pathogenesis local systemic disorders. In this regard, deep understanding mechanisms involved symbiosis/dysbiosis crucial for clinical health field. We review most recent studies on involvement diseases. also elaborate different strategies used to manipulate prevention treatment future medicine strongly related quality our Targeting dysbiosis will be huge challenge.

Language: Английский

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Signalling cognition: the gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 19, 2023

Cognitive function in humans depends on the complex and interplay between multiple body systems, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The gut microbiota, which vastly outnumbers human cells has a genetic potential that exceeds of genome, plays crucial role this interplay. microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is bidirectional signalling pathway operates through neural, endocrine, immune, metabolic pathways. One major neuroendocrine systems responding to stress HPA produces glucocorticoids such as cortisol corticosterone rodents. Appropriate concentrations are essential for normal neurodevelopment function, well cognitive processes learning memory, studies have shown microbes modulate throughout life. Stress can significantly impact MGB via other Animal research advanced our understanding these mechanisms pathways, leading paradigm shift conceptual thinking about influence microbiota health disease. Preclinical trials currently underway determine how animal models translate humans. In review article, we summarize current knowledge relationship axis, cognition, provide an overview main findings conclusions broad field.

Language: Английский

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Possible Side Effects of Polyphenols and Their Interactions with Medicines

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(6), P. 2536 - 2536

Published: March 10, 2023

Polyphenols are an important component of plant-derived food with a wide spectrum beneficial effects on human health. For many years, they have aroused great interest, especially due to their antioxidant properties, which used in the prevention and treatment diseases. Unfortunately, as any chemical substance, depending conditions, dose, interactions environment, it is possible for polyphenols also exert harmful effects. This review presents comprehensive current state knowledge negative impact health, describing side polyphenol intake, form supplements. The begins brief overview physiological role potential use disease prevention, followed by exerted particular situations. individual chapters discuss consequences polyphenols’ ability block iron uptake, some subpopulations can be harmful, well inhibition digestive enzymes, intestinal microbiota, polyphenolic compounds drugs, hormonal balance. Finally, prooxidative activity mutagenic, carcinogenic, genotoxic presented. According authors, there need raise public awareness about supplementation, case vulnerable subpopulations.

Language: Английский

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Genetic correlations between Alzheimer’s disease and gut microbiome genera

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 31, 2023

Abstract A growing body of evidence suggests that dysbiosis the human gut microbiota is associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) via neuroinflammatory processes across microbiota-gut-brain axis. The affects brain health through secretion toxins and short-chain fatty acids, which modulates permeability numerous immune functions. Observational studies indicate AD patients have reduced microbiome diversity, could contribute to pathogenesis disease. Uncovering genetic basis microbial abundance its effect on suggest lifestyle changes may reduce an individual’s risk for Using largest genome-wide association study genera from MiBioGen consortium, we used polygenic score (PRS) analyses “best-fit” model implemented in PRSice-2 determined correlation between 119 a discovery sample (ADc12 case/control: 1278/1293). To confirm results sample, next repeated PRS analysis replication (GenADA 799/778) then performed meta-analysis both samples. Finally, conducted linear regression assess PRSs significant APOE genotypes. In 20 were initially identified as genetically case/control status. Of these 20, three ( Eubacterium fissicatena protective factor , Collinsella, Veillonella factor) independently sample. Meta-analysis samples confirmed ten had AD, four significantly rs429358 allele direction consistent their protective/risk designation association. Notably, proinflammatory genus was positively correlated Overall, host factors influencing are suggesting serve biomarkers targets treatment intervention. Our highlight might promote development interaction . Larger datasets functional required understand causal relationships.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Plant Phytochemicals on the Gut Microbiota of Humans for a Balanced Life

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(15), P. 8124 - 8124

Published: July 23, 2022

The gastrointestinal tract of humans is a complex microbial ecosystem known as gut microbiota. microbiota involved in several critical physiological processes such digestion, absorption, and related functions plays crucial role determining the host’s health. habitual consumption specific dietary components can impact beyond their nutritional benefits, altering diversity function could manipulate Phytochemicals are non-nutrient biologically active plant that modify composition microflora through selective stimulation proliferation or inhibition certain communities intestine. Plants secrete these components, they accumulate cell wall sap compartments (body) for development survival. These compounds have low bioavailability long time-retention intestine due to poor resulting beneficial impacts on population. Feeding diets containing phytochemicals animals may offer path improve microbiome improved performance and/or health wellbeing. This review discusses effects modulation environment resultant benefits humans; however, effect also covered, brief.

Language: Английский

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Current understanding of antibiotic-associated dysbiosis and approaches for its management

Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Increased exposure to antibiotics during early childhood increases the risk of antibiotic-associated dysbiosis, which is associated with reduced diversity gut microbial species and abundance certain taxa, disruption host immunity, emergence antibiotic-resistant microbes. The microbiota immunity in life linked development immune-related metabolic disorders later life. Antibiotic administration populations predisposed such as newborns, obese children, children allergic rhinitis recurrent infections; changes composition diversity; exacerbating dysbiosis resulting negative health outcomes. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), Clostridiodes difficile-associated (CDAD), Helicobacter pylori infection are all short-term consequences antibiotic treatment that persist from a few weeks months. Changes microbiota, even 2 years after exposure, obesity, allergies, asthma among long-term consequences. Probiotic bacteria dietary supplements can potentially prevent or reverse dysbiosis. Probiotics have been demonstrated clinical studies help AAD and, lesser extent, CDAD, well improve H eradication rates. In Indian setting, probiotics ( Saccharomyces boulardii Bacillus clausii) shown reduce duration frequency acute children. Antibiotics may exaggerate vulnerable already affected by condition. Therefore, prudent use neonates young critical detrimental effects on health.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal and fecal pH in human health

Frontiers in Microbiomes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: July 26, 2023

Gut microbiota has been reported to be closely related host energy metabolism and immunity, thus influence the development progression of various human diseases. To date, gut microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, defensins, cathelicidins, lactoferrin in feces have investigated biomarkers associated with disease conditions. In this review, we introduce intestinal fecal pH, which is relatively easy rapid measure compared composition its metabolites. particular, review presents distribution pH body, role clinical significance, factors that affect including

Language: Английский

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Role of Hydroxytyrosol and Oleuropein in the Prevention of Aging and Related Disorders: Focus on Neurodegeneration, Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction and Gut Microbiota

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 1767 - 1767

Published: April 4, 2023

Aging is a multi-faceted process caused by the accumulation of cellular damage over time, associated with gradual reduction physiological activities in cells and organs. This degeneration results reduced ability to adapt homeostasis perturbations an increased incidence illnesses such as cognitive decline, neurodegenerative cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, skeletal muscle pathologies. Key features aging include chronic low-grade inflammation state decrease autophagic process. The Mediterranean diet has been longevity counteract onset age-related disorders. Extra virgin olive oil, fundamental component this diet, contains bioactive polyphenolic compounds hydroxytyrosol (HTyr) oleuropein (OLE), known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective properties. review focused on brain, muscle, gut microbiota, these systems are interact at several levels. After description chemistry pharmacokinetics HTyr OLE, we summarize studies reporting effects vivo vitro models diseases central/peripheral nervous system, adult neurogenesis depression, senescence lifespan, disorders, well impact composition microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Lactiplantibacillus (Lactobacillus) plantarum as a Complementary Treatment to Improve Symptomatology in Neurodegenerative Disease: A Systematic Review of Open Access Literature

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 3010 - 3010

Published: March 5, 2024

This systematic review addresses the use of Lactiplantibacillus (Lactobacillus) plantarum in symptomatological intervention neurodegenerative disease. The existence gut microbiota dysbiosis has been associated with systemic inflammatory processes present disease, creating opportunity for new treatment strategies. involves modifying strains that constitute to enhance synaptic function through gut–brain axis. Recent studies have evaluated beneficial effects on motor and cognitive symptomatology, alone or combination. includes 20 research articles (n = 3 human n 17 animal models). main result this was combination produced improvements symptomatology related However, one included reported negative after administration plantarum. provides current relevant information about probiotic pathologies such as Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s disease Multiple Sclerosis.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics: Health benefits, food application, and colonization in the human gastrointestinal tract

Food Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 41 - 64

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Probiotics have become increasingly popular over the past two decades due to continuously expanding scientific evidence indicating their beneficial effects on human health. Therefore, they been applied in food industry produce functional food, which plays a significant role health and reduces disease risk. However, maintaining viability of probiotics targeting successful delivery gastrointestinal tract remain challenging tasks applications. Specifically, this paper reviews potentially properties probiotics, highlighting use challenges application associated benefits. Of foremost importance, also explores potential underlying molecular mechanisms enhanced effect epithelial cells, including discussion various surface adhesion‐related proteins probiotic cell that facilitate colonization.

Language: Английский

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