Brain,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 28, 2023
Abstract
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
extremely
versatile
naturally
occurring
membrane
particles
that
convey
complex
signals
between
cells.
EVs
of
different
cellular
sources
capable
inducing
striking
therapeutic
responses
in
neurological
disease
models.
Differently
from
pharmacological
compounds
act
by
modulating
defined
signalling
pathways,
EV-based
therapeutics
possess
multiple
abilities
via
a
variety
effectors,
thus
allowing
the
modulation
processes
may
have
very
potent
effects
on
brain
tissue
recovery.
When
applied
vivo
experimental
models
diseases,
revealed
remarkable
immune
responses,
cell
metabolism
and
neuronal
plasticity.
This
multimodal
neuroimmune
networks
profoundly
influences
highly
synergistic
context-dependent
way.
Ultimately,
EV-mediated
restoration
functions
helps
to
set
stage
for
With
this
review
we
first
outline
current
understanding
mechanisms
action
EVs,
describing
how
released
various
identify
their
targets
recipient
Then,
applicable
key
conditions
such
as
stroke,
sclerosis
neurodegenerative
diseases
presented.
Pathways
deserve
attention
specific
contexts
discussed.
We
subsequently
showcase
considerations
about
EV
biodistribution
delineate
genetic
engineering
strategies
aiming
at
enhancing
uptake
signalling.
By
sketching
broad
view
EV-orchestrated
plasticity
recovery,
finally
define
possible
future
clinical
applications
propose
necessary
information
be
provided
ahead
trials.
Our
goal
is
provide
steppingstone
can
used
critically
discuss
next
generation
diseases.
Journal of Extracellular Vesicles,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(2)
Published: Feb. 1, 2024
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
through
their
complex
cargo,
can
reflect
the
state
of
cell
origin
and
change
functions
phenotypes
other
cells.
These
features
indicate
strong
biomarker
therapeutic
potential
have
generated
broad
interest,
as
evidenced
by
steady
year-on-year
increase
in
numbers
scientific
publications
about
EVs.
Important
advances
been
made
EV
metrology
understanding
applying
biology.
However,
hurdles
remain
to
realising
EVs
domains
ranging
from
basic
biology
clinical
applications
due
challenges
nomenclature,
separation
non-vesicular
extracellular
particles,
characterisation
functional
studies.
To
address
opportunities
this
rapidly
evolving
field,
International
Society
for
Vesicles
(ISEV)
updates
its
'Minimal
Information
Studies
Vesicles',
which
was
first
published
2014
then
2018
MISEV2014
MISEV2018,
respectively.
The
goal
current
document,
MISEV2023,
is
provide
researchers
with
an
updated
snapshot
available
approaches
advantages
limitations
production,
multiple
sources,
including
culture,
body
fluids
solid
tissues.
In
addition
presenting
latest
art
principles
research,
document
also
covers
advanced
techniques
that
are
currently
expanding
boundaries
field.
MISEV2023
includes
new
sections
on
release
uptake
a
brief
discussion
vivo
study
Compiling
feedback
ISEV
expert
task
forces
more
than
1000
researchers,
conveys
research
facilitate
robust
discoveries
move
field
forward
even
rapidly.
Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10(17)
Published: April 20, 2023
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
transport
secreted
by
living
cells
and
released
into
the
extracellular
environment.
Recent
studies
have
shown
that
EVs
serve
as
"messengers"
in
intercellular
inter-organismal
communication,
both
normal
pathological
processes.
EVs,
natural
nanocarriers,
can
deliver
bioactivators
therapy
with
their
endogenous
properties.
This
review
article
describes
engineering
of
sources,
isolation
method,
cargo
loading,
boosting
approach,
adjustable
targeting
EVs.
Furthermore,
summarizes
recent
progress
made
EV-based
delivery
systems
applications,
including
cancer,
cardiovascular
diseases,
liver,
kidney,
nervous
system
COVID-19
emphasizes
obstacles
challenges
therapies
possible
strategies.
Journal of Extracellular Vesicles,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(4)
Published: March 31, 2023
Mitochondrial
damage
plays
vital
roles
in
the
pathology
of
many
diseases,
such
as
cancers,
neurodegenerative
aging,
metabolic
diseases
and
types
organ
injury.
However,
regulatory
mechanism
mitochondrial
functions
among
different
cells
or
organs
vivo
is
still
unclear,
efficient
therapies
for
attenuating
are
urgently
needed.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
cell-derived
nanovesicles
that
can
deliver
bioactive
cargoes
organs.
Interestingly,
recent
evidence
shows
diverse
contents
enriched
certain
EV
subpopulations,
mitoEVs
components
to
affect
recipient
under
conditions,
which
has
emerged
a
hot
topic
this
field.
overview
essential
questions
with
respect
event
remain
elusive.
In
review,
we
provide
global
view
biology
mainly
focus
on
detailed
sorting
mechanisms,
functional
contents,
biological
effects
mitoEVs.
We
also
discuss
pathogenic
therapeutic
highlight
their
potential
disease
biomarkers
clinical
translation.
This
review
will
insights
into
drug
development
various
injury-related
diseases.
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: Jan. 28, 2024
Malignancy
is
a
major
public
health
problem
and
among
the
leading
lethal
diseases
worldwide.
Although
current
tumor
treatment
methods
have
therapeutic
effect
to
certain
extent,
they
still
some
shortcomings
such
as
poor
water
solubility,
short
half-life,
local
systemic
toxicity.
Therefore,
how
deliver
agent
so
realize
safe
effective
anti-tumor
therapy
become
urgently
be
solved
in
this
field.
As
medium
of
information
exchange
material
transport
between
cells,
exosomes
are
considered
promising
drug
delivery
carrier
due
their
nano-size,
good
biocompatibility,
natural
targeting,
easy
modification.
In
review,
we
summarize
recent
advances
isolation,
identification,
loading,
modification
carriers
for
alongside
application
therapy.
Basic
knowledge
exosomes,
biogenesis,
sources,
characterization
methods,
also
introduced
herein.
addition,
challenges
related
use
vehicles
discussed,
along
with
future
trends.
This
review
provides
scientific
basis
exosome
systems
oncological
Bone Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: Jan. 23, 2024
Abstract
Osteoporosis
is
a
widely
observed
condition
characterized
by
the
systemic
deterioration
of
bone
mass
and
microarchitecture,
which
increases
patient
susceptibility
to
fragile
fractures.
The
intricate
mechanisms
governing
homeostasis
are
substantially
impacted
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
play
crucial
roles
in
both
pathological
physiological
contexts.
EVs
derived
from
various
sources
exert
distinct
effects
on
osteoporosis.
Specifically,
released
osteoblasts,
endothelial
cells,
myocytes,
mesenchymal
stem
cells
contribute
formation
due
their
unique
cargo
proteins,
miRNAs,
cytokines.
Conversely,
secreted
osteoclasts
immune
promote
resorption
inhibit
formation.
Furthermore,
use
as
therapeutic
modalities
or
biomaterials
for
diagnosing
managing
osteoporosis
promising.
Here,
we
review
current
understanding
impact
homeostasis,
including
classification
biogenesis
regulatory
present
an
overview
latest
research
progress
treating
using
EVs.
Finally,
discuss
challenges
prospects
translational
