Virology,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
522, P. 81 - 91
Published: July 15, 2018
Herpes
simplex
virus
(HSV)
establishes
a
latent
infection
in
peripheral
neurons
and
can
periodically
reactivate
to
cause
disease.
Reactivation
be
triggered
by
variety
of
stimuli
that
activate
different
cellular
processes
result
increased
HSV
lytic
gene
expression
production
infectious
virus.
The
use
model
systems
has
contributed
significantly
our
understanding
how
reactivation
the
is
physiological
are
correlated
with
recrudescence
human
Furthermore,
these
models
have
led
identification
both
common
distinct
mechanisms
pathways.
Here,
we
summarize
diverse
better
complexities
reactivation,
present
potential
linking
signaling
pathways
changes
viral
expression.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: Aug. 28, 2019
Abstract
Traumatic
spinal
cord
injury
results
in
severe
and
irreversible
loss
of
function.
The
triggers
a
complex
cascade
inflammatory
pathological
processes,
culminating
formation
scar.
While
traditionally
referred
to
as
glial
scar,
the
scar
fact
comprises
multiple
cellular
extracellular
components.
This
multidimensional
nature
should
be
considered
when
aiming
understand
role
scarring
limiting
tissue
repair
recovery.
In
this
Review
we
discuss
recent
advances
understanding
composition
phenotypic
characteristics
oversimplification
defining
binary
terms
good
or
bad,
development
therapeutic
approaches
target
components
enable
improved
functional
outcome
after
injury.
ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
13(9), P. 10015 - 10028
Published: Aug. 27, 2019
Individuals
with
spinal
cord
injury
(SCI)
usually
suffer
from
permanent
neurological
deficits,
while
spontaneous
recovery
and
therapeutic
efficacy
are
limited.
Here,
we
demonstrate
that
when
given
intranasally,
exosomes
derived
mesenchymal
stem
cells
(MSC-Exo)
could
pass
the
blood
brain
barrier
migrate
to
injured
area.
Furthermore,
MSC-Exo
loaded
phosphatase
tensin
homolog
small
interfering
RNA
(ExoPTEN)
attenuate
expression
of
PTEN
in
region
following
intranasal
administrations.
In
addition,
considerably
enhanced
axonal
growth
neovascularization,
reducing
microgliosis
astrogliosis.
The
ExoPTEN
therapy
also
partly
improve
structural
electrophysiological
function
and,
most
importantly,
significantly
elicited
functional
rats
complete
SCI.
results
imply
may
be
used
clinically
promote
for
SCI
individuals.
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
33(32)
Published: June 12, 2021
Abstract
During
natural
tissue
regeneration,
microenvironment
and
stem
cell
niche
including
cell–cell
interaction,
soluble
factors,
extracellular
matrix
(ECM)
provide
a
train
of
biochemical
biophysical
cues
for
modulation
behaviors
functions.
Design
functional
biomaterials
to
mimic
the
tissue/cell
have
great
potentials
regeneration
applications.
Recently,
electroactive
drawn
increasing
attentions
not
only
as
scaffolds
adhesion
structural
support,
but
also
modulators
regulate
cell/tissue
function,
especially
electrically
excitable
cells
tissues.
More
importantly,
electrostimulation
can
further
modulate
myriad
biological
processes,
from
cycle,
migration,
proliferation
differentiation
neural
conduction,
muscle
contraction,
embryogenesis,
regeneration.
In
this
review,
endogenous
bioelectricity
piezoelectricity
are
introduced.
Then,
design
rationale
is
discussed
imitating
dynamic
microenvironment,
well
their
mediated
applying
pathways.
Recent
advances
in
systematically
overviewed
fate
mainly
nerve
bone
engineering,
cardiac
engineering.
Finally,
significance
simulating
native
emphasized
open
challenges
future
perspectives
concluded.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
21(22), P. 8652 - 8652
Published: Nov. 17, 2020
Injured
peripheral
nerves
but
not
central
have
the
capacity
to
regenerate
and
reinnervate
their
target
organs.
After
two
most
severe
nerve
injuries
of
six
types,
crush
transection
injuries,
fibers
distal
injury
site
undergo
Wallerian
degeneration.
The
denervated
Schwann
cells
(SCs)
proliferate,
elongate
line
endoneurial
tubes
guide
support
regenerating
axons.
axons
emerge
from
stump
viable
attached
neuronal
soma.
SCs
downregulate
myelin-associated
genes
concurrently,
upregulate
growth-associated
that
include
neurotrophic
factors
as
do
injured
neurons.
However,
gene
expression
is
transient
progressively
fails
axon
regeneration
within
SC-containing
tubes.
Moreover,
despite
some
preference
motor
sensory
“find”
appropriate
pathways,
fail
enter
original
organs,
obstacles
functional
recovery
confront
surgeons.
Several
surgical
manipulations
in
clinical
use,
including
tendon
transfers,
potential
for
brief
low-frequency
electrical
stimulation
proximal
repair,
local
FK506
application
accelerate
outgrowth,
are
encouraging
continuing
research
elucidate
molecular
basis
regeneration.
