Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
19(6), P. 100965 - 100965
Published: Sept. 4, 2024
Ischemia/reperfusion
(I/R)
injury
is
marked
by
the
restriction
and
subsequent
restoration
of
blood
supply
to
an
organ.
This
process
can
exacerbate
initial
tissue
damage,
leading
further
disorders,
disability,
even
death.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
crucial
in
cell
communication
releasing
cargo
that
regulates
physiological
state
recipient
cells.
The
development
EVs
presents
a
novel
avenue
for
delivering
therapeutic
agents
I/R
therapy.
potential
derived
from
stem
cells,
endothelial
plasma
has
been
actively
investigated.
Therefore,
this
review
aims
provide
overview
pathological
biophysical
properties
EVs.
We
noted
serve
as
nontoxic,
flexible,
multifunctional
carriers
capable
intervening
progression.
efficacy
be
enhanced
through
various
engineering
strategies.
Improving
tropism
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(21), P. 15883 - 15883
Published: Nov. 1, 2023
Abnormal
activation
of
multiple
immune
and
non-immune
cells
proinflammatory
factors
mediate
the
development
joint
inflammation
in
genetically
susceptible
individuals.
Although
specific
environmental
like
smoking
infections
are
associated
with
disease
pathogenesis,
until
now,
we
did
not
know
autoantigens
arthritogenic
that
trigger
initiation
clinical
disease.
Autoantibodies
recognizing
post-translationally
modified
unmodified
antigens
generated
circulation
before
onset
disease,
could
serve
as
diagnostic
prognostic
markers.
The
characteristic
features
autoantibodies
change
regarding
sub-class,
affinity,
glycosylation
pattern,
epitope
spreading
onset.
Some
these
antibodies
were
proven
to
be
pathogenic
using
animal
cell-culture
models.
However,
all
them
can
induce
animals.
This
review
discusses
aberrant
major
contributing
inflammation.
Recent
studies
explored
protective
effects
extracellular
vesicles
from
mesenchymal
stem
bacteria
on
joints
by
targeting
pathways.
Current
therapeutics
clinics
target
inflammatory
pathways
attenuate
protect
cartilage
bones
degradation,
but
none
cure
Hence,
more
basic
research
is
needed
investigate
triggers
mechanisms
involved
initiating
relapses
prevent
chronic
damaging
architecture.
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
83(11), P. 1572 - 1583
Published: Oct. 11, 2024
Objectives
To
assess
the
efficacy
of
a
single
intradiscal
injection
allogeneic
bone
marrow
mesenchymal
stromal
cells
(BM-MSCs)
versus
sham
placebo
in
patients
with
chronic
low
back
pain
(LBP).
Methods
Participants
were
randomised
prospective,
double-blind,
controlled
study
to
receive
either
or
20
million
BM-MSC,
between
April
2018
and
December
2022.
The
first
co-primary
endpoint
was
rate
responders
defined
by
improvement
Visual
Analogue
Scale
(VAS)
for
at
least
20%
mm,
Oswestry
Disability
Index
(ODI)
baseline
month
12.
secondary
structural
assessed
disc
fluid
content
measured
quantitative
MRI
T2,
Secondary
endpoints
included
VAS,
ODI,
Short
Form
(SF)-36
minimal
clinically
important
difference
all
timepoints
(1,
3,
6,
12
24
months).
We
determined
immune
response
associated
cell
6
months.
Serious
adverse
events
(SAEs)
recorded.
Results
114
(n=58,
BM-MSC
group;
n=56,
group).
At
months,
primary
outcome
not
reached
(74%
group
vs
69%
p=0.77).
groups
did
differ
outcomes.
No
SAE
related
intervention
occurred.
Conclusions
While
our
conclusively
demonstrate
BM-MSCs
LBP,
procedure
safe.
Long-term
outcomes
MSC
therapy
LBP
are
still
being
studied.
JACS Au,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
4(6), P. 2381 - 2392
Published: May 30, 2024
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
naturally
occurring
secreted
by
cells
that
can
transport
cargo
between
cells,
making
them
promising
bioactive
nanomaterials.
However,
due
to
the
complex
and
heterogeneous
biological
characteristics,
a
method
for
robust
EV
manipulation
efficient
delivery
is
still
lacking.
Here,
we
developed
novel
class
of
extracellular
vesicle
spherical
nucleic
acid
(EV-SNA)
nanostructures
with
scalability,
programmability,
cellular
delivery.
EV-SNA
was
constructed
through
simple
hydrophobic
coassembly
natural
EVs
cholesterol-modified
oligonucleotides
be
stable
1
month
at
room
temperature.
Based
on
programmable
shells,
respond
AND
logic
gates
achieve
assembly
manipulation.
Importantly,
from
wide
range
sources
EV,
enhancing
capability
nearly
10–20
times.
Compared
artificial
liposomal
SNA,
endogenous
exhibited
better
biocompatibility
more
effective
antisense
in
hard-to-transfect
primary
stem
cells.
Additionally,
deliver
functional
immune
regulation.
As
material
form,
may
provide
modular
framework
paradigm
EV-based
applications
drug
delivery,
disease
treatment,
nanovaccines,
other
fields.
Journal of Extracellular Vesicles,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(7)
Published: July 1, 2024
Abstract
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
have
emerged
as
promising
biomaterials
for
the
treatment
of
different
disease.
However,
only
handful
types
EVs
with
clinical
transformation
potential
been
reported
to
date,
and
their
preparation
on
a
large
scale
under
biosafety‐controlled
conditions
is
limited.
In
this
study,
we
characterize
novel
type
EV
application
potential:
dehydration‐induced
extracellular
(DIMVs).
DIMV
micron‐diameter
cell
vesicle
that
contains
more
bioactive
molecules,
such
proteins
RNA,
but
not
DNA,
than
previously
vesicles.
The
extraordinarily
straightforward,
which
possesses
high
level
biosafety,
protein
utilization
ratio
roughly
600
times
greater
naturally
secreted
EVs.
Additional
experiments
demonstrate
viability
pre‐
or
post‐isolation
modification,
including
gene
editing,
nucleic
acid
encapsulation
surface
anchoring,
size
adjustment.
Finally,
animal
models,
directly
show
biosafety
immunogenicity
DIMV,
investigate
its
tumour
vaccine
drug
carrier
in
cancer
treatment.
Chemical Communications,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Extracellular
vesicles
have
been
deemed
as
potential
drug
carriers
for
treatment
of
various
diseases.
Recent
advances
summarized,
including
the
sources,
delivery
function,
extraction
and
cargo-loading
technology
extracellular
vesicles.
Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 16, 2025
Abstract
Apoptosis
is
crucial
for
maintaining
internal
homeostasis.
Apoptotic
vesicles
(ApoVs)
derived
from
mesenchymal
stem/
stromal
cells
(MSCs‐ApoVs)
as
natural
lipid
nanoparticles
are
attractive
candidates
the
next
generation
of
immunotherapies.
However,
therapeutic
potential
MSCs‐ApoVs
in
managing
hypersensitivity
reactions
mediated
by
CD8
+
T
remains
elusive.
This
research
utilized
contact
and
oral
lichenoid
reaction
models,
both
which
represent
type
IV
reactions.
ApoVs
shown
that
stem
human
exfoliated
deciduous
teeth
(SHED‐ApoVs),
a
subtype
MSCs,
directly
fused
with
plasma
membrane
cells,
subsequently
increasing
permeability
through
L‐type
voltage‐gated
Ca
2+
channels.
initiates
cascade
events
including
calcium
overload,
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
initiation
apoptosis
these
cells.
As
known,
this
first
study
to
characterize
SHED‐ApoVs
immune
microenvironment
modulators,
demonstrating
their
mechanism
Moreover,
analysis
blood
samples
patients
verified
antihypersensitivity
property
SHED‐ApoVs.
sheds
light
on
prospects
underlying
mechanisms
diseases
contributing
novel
perspectives
clinical
application
nanovesicle‐based
cell‐free
therapies.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: April 7, 2025
Despite
the
advancements
in
targeted
biologic
therapy
for
immune-mediated
inflammatory
diseases
(IMIDs),
significant
challenges
persist,
including
drug
maintenance,
primary
and
secondary
non-responses,
adverse
effects.
Recent
data
have
strengthened
evidence
supporting
stem
cell
as
an
experimental
salvage
into
a
standard
treatment
option.
preclinical
clinical
studies
suggested
that
chimeric
antigen
receptor
T
(CAR-T)
therapy,
which
depleting
tissue
bone
marrow
B
cells,
may
lead
to
improvement,
even
inducing
long-lasting
remissions
patients
with
IMIDs.
In
this
review,
we
address
unmet
needs
of
delineate
critical
differences
between
transplantation
CAR-T
evaluate
current
status
IMIDs
explore
its
potential
existing
limitations.
