The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 99(4), P. 1877 - 2013

Published: Aug. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Language: Английский

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Stunted microbiota and opportunistic pathogen colonization in caesarean-section birth

Nature, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 574(7776), P. 117 - 121

Published: Sept. 18, 2019

Language: Английский

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The human gut microbiome in early-onset type 1 diabetes from the TEDDY study

Nature, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 562(7728), P. 589 - 594

Published: Oct. 1, 2018

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that targets pancreatic islet beta cells and incorporates genetic environmental factors1, including complex elements2, patient exposures3 the gut microbiome4. Viral infections5 broader dysbioses6 have been identified as potential causes or contributing factors; however, human studies not yet microbial compositional functional triggers are predictive of autoimmunity T1D. Here we analyse 10,913 metagenomes in stool samples from 783 mostly white, non-Hispanic children. The were collected monthly three months age until clinical end point (islet T1D) Environmental Determinants Diabetes Young (TEDDY) study, to characterize natural history early microbiome connection autoimmunity, T1D diagnosis, other common life events such antibiotic treatments probiotics. microbiomes control children contained more genes related fermentation biosynthesis short-chain fatty acids, but these consistently associated with particular taxa across geographically diverse centres, suggesting factors taxonomically diffuse functionally coherent. When investigated establishment development infant microbiome, both taxonomic profiles dynamic highly individualized, dominated first year by one largely exclusive Bifidobacterium species (B. bifidum, B. breve longum) phylum Proteobacteria. In particular, strain-specific carriage for utilization milk oligosaccharide within a subset longum was present specifically breast-fed infants. These analyses TEDDY provide, our knowledge, largest most detailed longitudinal profile developing relation childhood events. Together existing evidence cohorts7,8 mouse model9, data support protective effects acids early-onset An analysis than 10,000 study provides supports type diabetes.

Language: Английский

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The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: From Motility to Mood

Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 160(5), P. 1486 - 1501

Published: Jan. 22, 2021

Language: Английский

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The Gut Microbiota in the First Decade of Life

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 27(12), P. 997 - 1010

Published: Aug. 29, 2019

Appreciation of the importance gut microbiome is growing, and it becoming increasingly relevant to identify preventive or therapeutic solutions targeting it. The composition function microbiota are relatively well described for infants (less than 3 years) adults, but have been largely overlooked in pre-school (3-6 primary school-age (6-12 children, as teenagers (12-18 years). Early reports suggested that infant would attain an adult-like structure at age years, recent studies development may take longer. This time key because there evidence suggest deviations this consequences later life. In review, we provide overview current knowledge concerning microbiota, its evolution, variation, response dietary challenges during first decade life with a focus on healthy children (up 12 from various populations around globe. should facilitate identification diet-based approaches individuals group, promote

Language: Английский

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The heterogeneous pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. 635 - 650

Published: Sept. 18, 2019

Language: Английский

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Microbiota-derived acetate protects against respiratory syncytial virus infection through a GPR43-type 1 interferon response

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: July 22, 2019

Severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants <2 years-old. Here we describe that high-fiber diet protects mice from RSV infection. This effect was dependent on intestinal microbiota production acetate. Oral administration acetate mediated interferon-β (IFN-β) response by increasing expression interferon-stimulated genes the lung. These effects were associated with reduction viral load pulmonary inflammation RSV-infected mice. Type 1 IFN signaling via IFN-1 receptor (IFNAR) essential for antiviral activity epithelial cell lines protective Activation Gpr43 cells reduced virus-induced cytotoxicity promoted through IFN-β response. The abolished Gpr43-/- Our findings reveal involving lung engagement GPR43 IFNAR.

Language: Английский

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Developmental trajectory of the healthy human gut microbiota during the first 5 years of life

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 29(5), P. 765 - 776.e3

Published: April 1, 2021

The gut is inhabited by a densely populated ecosystem, the microbiota, that established at birth. However, succession which different bacteria are incorporated into microbiota still relatively unknown. Here, we analyze from 471 Swedish children followed birth to 5 years of age, collecting samples after 4 and 12 months 3 age as well their mothers using 16S rRNA gene profiling. We also compare an adult population. Genera follow colonization patterns during establishment where Methanobrevibacter Christensenellaceae colonize late do not reached levels years. These colonizers correlate with increased alpha diversity in both adults. By following through age-specific community types, observe have individual dynamics development trajectory.

Language: Английский

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Bifidobacterium species associated with breastfeeding produce aromatic lactic acids in the infant gut

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(11), P. 1367 - 1382

Published: Oct. 21, 2021

Abstract Breastfeeding profoundly shapes the infant gut microbiota, which is critical for early life immune development, and microbiota can impact host physiology in various ways, such as through production of metabolites. However, few breastmilk-dependent microbial metabolites mediating host–microbiota interactions are currently known. Here, we demonstrate that breastmilk-promoted Bifidobacterium species convert aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, phenylalanine tyrosine) into their respective lactic (indolelactic acid, phenyllactic acid 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid) via a previously unrecognized lactate dehydrogenase (ALDH). The ability to derivatives was confirmed using monocolonized mice. Longitudinal profiling faecal composition metabolome Danish infants ( n = 25), from birth until 6 months age, showed concentrations correlated positively with abundance human milk oligosaccharide-degrading containing ALDH, including longum , B. breve bifidum . We further -derived indolelactic associated capacity these samples activate vitro aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), important controlling intestinal homoeostasis responses. Finally, show modulates ex vivo responses CD4 + T cells monocytes dose-dependent manner by acting an agonist both AhR hydroxycarboxylic 3 (HCA ). Our findings reveal produce suggest may function life.

Language: Английский

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Type 1 diabetes—early life origins and changing epidemiology

The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 226 - 238

Published: Jan. 27, 2020

Language: Английский

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