Gut microbiome modulates Drosophila aggression through octopamine signaling

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: May 11, 2021

Abstract Gut microbiome profoundly affects many aspects of host physiology and behaviors. Here we report that gut modulates aggressive behaviors in Drosophila . We found germ-free males showed substantial decrease inter-male aggression, which could be rescued by microbial re-colonization. These are not as competitive wild-type for mating with females, although they displayed regular levels locomotor courtship further interacted diet during a critical developmental period the proper expression octopamine manifestation aggression adult males. findings provide insights into how specific through interaction development.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms underlying gut microbiota–host interactions in insects

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 224(2)

Published: Jan. 15, 2021

ABSTRACT Insects are the most diverse group of animals and colonize almost all environments on our planet. This diversity is reflected in structure function microbial communities inhabiting insect digestive system. As mammals, gut microbiota insects can have important symbiotic functions, complementing host nutrition, facilitating dietary breakdown or providing protection against pathogens. There an increasing number models that experimentally tractable, mechanistic studies microbiota–host interactions. In this Review, we will summarize recent findings advanced understanding molecular mechanisms underlying symbiosis between their microbiota. We open article with a general introduction to then turn towards discussion particular processes governing colonization environment as well beneficial roles mediated by The Review highlights that, although active field research implications for fundamental applied science, still early stage mechanisms. However, expanding capability culture microbiomes manipulate microbe–host interactions promises new insights from symbioses.

Language: Английский

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The Gut and Parkinson's Disease—A Bidirectional Pathway

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: June 4, 2019

Humans evolved a symbiotic relationship with their gut microbiome, complex microbial community composed of bacteria, archaea, protists, and viruses, including bacteriophages. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is gateway for the bidirectional communication between brain gut, through vagus nerve (VN). Environmental exposure plays pivotal role in composition functional capacity microbiome may contribute to susceptibility neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). neuropathological hallmark PD widespread appearance alpha-synuclein aggregates (SNCA) both central peripheral systems, ENS. Many studies suggest that toxins can induce formation SNCA ENS, which then be transmitted prion-like manner CNS VN. strongly associated aging this reflect accumulative effect neurotoxicant on pathology. In present work, we revisit some landmark discoveries field research focus gut-brain axis. process, highlight evidence showing gut-associated dysbiosis related microbial-derived components important players increased risk PD. emerges potential target protective measures aiming reduce onset.

Language: Английский

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Inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson’s disease: common pathophysiological links

Gut, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. gutjnl - 322429

Published: Oct. 16, 2020

Inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson's are chronic progressive disorders that mainly affect different organs: the gut brain, respectively. Accumulating evidence has suggested a bidirectional link between gastrointestinal inflammation neurodegeneration, in accordance with concept of 'gut-brain axis'. Moreover, recent population-based studies have shown inflammatory might increase risk disease. Although precise mechanisms underlying gut-brain interactions remain elusive, some latest findings begun to explain link. Several genetic loci shared both similar direction effect on diseases. The most interesting example is LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2), initially identified as causal gene disease, recently also implicated Crohn's In this review, we highlight these seemingly unrelated diseases susceptibility. We discuss supporting conflicting data obtained from epidemiological along remaining questions concerns. addition, possible biological links including axis, microbiota, autoimmunity, mitochondrial function autophagy.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic cross-feeding in imbalanced diets allows gut microbes to improve reproduction and alter host behaviour

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Aug. 25, 2020

Abstract The impact of commensal bacteria on the host arises from complex microbial-diet-host interactions. Mapping metabolic interactions in gut microbial communities is therefore key to understand how microbiome influences host. Here we use an interdisciplinary approach including isotope-resolved metabolomics show that Drosophila melanogaster, Acetobacter pomorum ( Ap ) and Lactobacillus plantarum Lp a syntrophic relationship established overcome detrimental diets identify as bacterium altering host’s feeding decisions. Specifically, uses lactate produced by supply amino acids are essential , allowing it grow imbalanced diets. Lactate also necessary sufficient for alter fly’s protein appetite. Our data bacterial become resilient These ensure constant flow metabolites used reproduction behaviour.

Language: Английский

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Surface sterilization methods impact measures of internal microbial diversity in ticks

Parasites & Vectors, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: May 28, 2019

Ticks are obligate blood feeders transmitting major pathogens worldwide. Over the past few years, considerable research efforts have focused on diversity, distribution and impact of gut intracellular bacterial symbionts tick development tick-borne pathogen transmission. The study this internal microbiome requires use a sterilization method to remove external (i.e. cuticular) microbes present tick's surface avoid any further contamination. Several methods exist, including ethanol- or bleach-based treatments that both effective in killing but with different potential effects DNA denaturation.

Language: Английский

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Drosophila-associated bacteria differentially shape the nutritional requirements of their host during juvenile growth

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. e3000681 - e3000681

Published: March 20, 2020

The interplay between nutrition and the microbial communities colonizing gastrointestinal tract (i.e., gut microbiota) determines juvenile growth trajectory. Nutritional deficiencies trigger developmental delays, an immature microbiota is a hallmark of pathologies related to childhood undernutrition. However, how host-associated bacteria modulate impact on remains elusive. Here, using gnotobiotic Drosophila melanogaster larvae independently associated with Acetobacter pomorumWJL (ApWJL) Lactobacillus plantarumNC8 (LpNC8), 2 model Drosophila-associated bacteria, we performed large-scale, systematic nutritional screen based larval in 40 different precisely controlled environments. We combined these results genome-based metabolic network reconstruction define biosynthetic capacities germ-free (GF) its bacterial partners. first established that ApWJL LpNC8 differentially fulfill requirements ex-GF parsed such difference down individual amino acids, vitamins, other micronutrients, trace metals. found not only fortify host's diet essential nutrients but, specific instances, functionally compensate for host auxotrophies by either providing intermediate or nutrient derivative uptaking, concentrating, delivering contaminant traces micronutrients. Our work reveals beyond molecular dialogue engaged partners, establish integrated relying provision utilization.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondria, the gut microbiome and ROS

Cellular Signalling, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 75, P. 109737 - 109737

Published: Aug. 15, 2020

Language: Английский

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Biogenic Amines: Signals Between Commensal Microbiota and Gut Physiology

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: July 31, 2019

There is increasing interest in the interactions among gut microbiota, gut, and brain, which often referred to as "microbiota-gut-brain" axis. Biogenic amines including dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, histamines are all generated by commensal microorganisms suggested play roles signaling molecules mediating function of In addition, such have attracted attention terms possible clues into etiologies depression, anxiety, even psychosis. This review covers latest research related potential role microbe-derived catecholamine, histamine, well other trace amines, modulating not only physiology but also brain host. Further this field can offer insight expanding fundamental impacts human microbiome, further new therapeutic strategies for psychological disorders based on regulating balance resident bacteria.

Language: Английский

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Philosophy of Immunology

Published: Dec. 31, 2019

Immunology is central to contemporary biology and medicine, but it also provides novel philosophical insights. Its most significant contribution philosophy concerns the understanding of biological individuality: what a individual is, makes unique, how its boundaries are established ensures identity through time. offers answers some interesting questions. What definition life? How bodily systems delineated? do mind body interact? In this Element, Thomas Pradeu considers ways in which immunology can shed light on these other important issues. This title available as Open Access Cambridge Core.

Language: Английский

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