Mechanisms underlying gut microbiota–host interactions in insects

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 224(2)

Published: Jan. 15, 2021

ABSTRACT Insects are the most diverse group of animals and colonize almost all environments on our planet. This diversity is reflected in structure function microbial communities inhabiting insect digestive system. As mammals, gut microbiota insects can have important symbiotic functions, complementing host nutrition, facilitating dietary breakdown or providing protection against pathogens. There an increasing number models that experimentally tractable, mechanistic studies microbiota–host interactions. In this Review, we will summarize recent findings advanced understanding molecular mechanisms underlying symbiosis between their microbiota. We open article with a general introduction to then turn towards discussion particular processes governing colonization environment as well beneficial roles mediated by The Review highlights that, although active field research implications for fundamental applied science, still early stage mechanisms. However, expanding capability culture microbiomes manipulate microbe–host interactions promises new insights from symbioses.

Language: Английский

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Ecology-relevant bacteria drive the evolution of host antimicrobial peptides in Drosophila

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 381(6655)

Published: July 20, 2023

Antimicrobial peptides are host-encoded immune effectors that combat pathogens and shape the microbiome in plants animals. However, little is known about how host antimicrobial peptide repertoire adapted to its microbiome. Here, we characterized function evolution of Diptericin family Diptera. Using mutations affecting two Diptericins ( Dpt ) Drosophila melanogaster , reveal specific role DptA for pathogen Providencia rettgeri DptB gut mutualist Acetobacter . The presence DptA- or DptB- like genes across Diptera correlates with their environment. Moreover, sequences predict resistance against infection by these bacteria genus Our study explains evolutionary logic behind bursts rapid an reveals adapts changing microbial environments.

Language: Английский

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Antimicrobial peptides do not directly contribute to aging in Drosophila, but improve lifespan by preventing dysbiosis

Disease Models & Mechanisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(4)

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are innate immune effectors first studied for their role in host defence. Recent studies have implicated these the clearance of aberrant cells and neurodegenerative syndromes. In Drosophila, many AMPs produced downstream Toll Imd NF-κB pathways upon infection. Upon aging, upregulated, drawing attention to molecules as possible causes age-associated inflammatory diseases. However, functional overexpressing or silencing genes been inconclusive. Using an isogenic set AMP gene deletions, we investigated net impact on aging. Overall, found no major effect individual lifespan, with exception Defensin. ΔAMP14 flies lacking seven families displayed reduced lifespan. Increased bacterial load food aged suggested that lifespan reduction was due microbiome dysbiosis, consistent a previous study. Moreover, germ-free conditions extended flies. our results did not point overt Instead, collectively by preventing dysbiosis during

Language: Английский

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Metabolic cross-feeding in imbalanced diets allows gut microbes to improve reproduction and alter host behaviour

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Aug. 25, 2020

Abstract The impact of commensal bacteria on the host arises from complex microbial-diet-host interactions. Mapping metabolic interactions in gut microbial communities is therefore key to understand how microbiome influences host. Here we use an interdisciplinary approach including isotope-resolved metabolomics show that Drosophila melanogaster, Acetobacter pomorum ( Ap ) and Lactobacillus plantarum Lp a syntrophic relationship established overcome detrimental diets identify as bacterium altering host’s feeding decisions. Specifically, uses lactate produced by supply amino acids are essential , allowing it grow imbalanced diets. Lactate also necessary sufficient for alter fly’s protein appetite. Our data bacterial become resilient These ensure constant flow metabolites used reproduction behaviour.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Cooperation among Commensal Bacteria Supports Drosophila Juvenile Growth under Nutritional Stress

iScience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 101232 - 101232

Published: June 1, 2020

The gut microbiota shapes animal growth trajectory in stressful nutritional environments, but the molecular mechanisms behind such physiological benefits remain poorly understood. is mostly composed of bacteria, which construct metabolic networks among themselves and with host. Until now, how activities contribute to host juvenile remains unknown. Here, using Drosophila as a model, we report that two its major bacterial partners, Lactobacillus plantarum Acetobacter pomorum, engage beneficial dialogue boosts despite stress. We pinpoint lactate, produced by L. plantarum, utilized A. pomorum an additional carbon source, provides essential amino acids vitamins plantarum. Such cross-feeding provisions set anabolic metabolites host, may foster systemic poor nutrition.

Language: Английский

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Involvement of Microbiota in Insect Physiology: Focus on B Vitamins

mBio, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Dec. 13, 2022

Insects are highly successful in colonizing a wide spectrum of ecological niches and feeding on diversity diets. This is notably linked to their capacity get from microbiota any essential component lacking the diet such as vitamins amino acids. Over century research based dietary analysis, antimicrobial treatment, gnotobiotic rearing, culture-independent microbe detection progressively generated wealth information about role specific aspects insect fitness. Thanks recent increase sequencing capacities, whole-genome number symbionts has facilitated tracing biosynthesis pathways, validation experimental data evolutionary analyses. field considerable set hosts harboring or nonspecific members. Here, we review current knowledge involvement tick nutrition, with particular focus B vitamin provision. We specifically question if there specificity provision by compared redundant yet contribution microbes. successively highlight known microbial during three main life stages invertebrates: postembryonic development, adulthood, reproduction.

Language: Английский

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How commensal microbes shape the physiology of Drosophila melanogaster

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 41, P. 92 - 99

Published: Aug. 14, 2020

Language: Английский

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The Role of Microbiota in Drosophila melanogaster Aging

Frontiers in Aging, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: May 19, 2022

Intestinal microbial communities participate in essential aspects of host biology, including nutrient acquisition, development, immunity, and metabolism. During aging, dramatic shifts occur the composition, abundance, function gut microbiota. Although such changes microbiota are conserved across species, most studies remain descriptive at suggest a correlation between age-related pathology particular microbes. Therefore, causal role aging has remained challenging question, part due to complexity mammalian intestinal microbiota, which is not cultivable or genetically amenable. Here, we summarize recent fruit fly

Language: Английский

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Dynamics of the intestinal bacterial community in black soldier fly larval guts and its influence on insect growth and development

Insect Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 30(4), P. 947 - 963

Published: July 11, 2022

Black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is a prominent insect for the bioconversion of various organic wastes. As saprotrophic insect, BSF inhabits microbe-rich environments. However, influences intestinal microorganisms on growth and development are not very clear. In this study, dynamics bacterial community larvae (BSFL) were analyzed using pyrosequencing. Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria most prevalent phyla in intestines all larval instars. The dynamic changes compositions among different instars striking at genus level. Klebsiella, Clostridium, Providencia, Dysgonomonas relatively abundant bacteria 1st- to 4th-instar BSFL, respectively. Providencia also dominated 5th- 6th-instar larvae, ratios 31.1% 47.2%, total, 148 strains affiliated with 20 genera isolated media under aerobic anaerobic conditions. Among them, 6 bacteria, BSF1-BSF6, selected further study. inoculation isolates independently into germ-free BSFL feeding an artificial diet showed that except BSF4, significantly promoted compared control. Citrobacter, Dysgonomonas, Ochrobactrum, by increasing weight gains pupae, as well prepupae eclosion rates. addition, Klebsiella shortened life cycle significantly. results illustrate promotive effects development.

Language: Английский

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Regulating metabolism to shape immune function: Lessons from Drosophila

Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 138, P. 128 - 141

Published: April 16, 2022

Language: Английский

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