FcγR-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection of monocytes activates inflammation

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 606(7914), P. 576 - 584

Published: April 6, 2022

Language: Английский

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Diversity and evolution of the animal virome

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(6), P. 321 - 334

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has given the study of virus evolution and ecology new relevance. Although viruses were first identified more than a century ago, we likely know less about their diversity that any other biological entity. Most documented animal have been sampled from just two phyla — Chordata Arthropoda with strong bias towards infect humans or animals economic social importance, often in association disease phenotypes. Fortunately, recent development unbiased metagenomic next-generation sequencing is providing richer view virome shedding light on evolution. In this Review, explore our changing understanding diversity, composition virome. We outline factors determine phylogenetic genomic structure evolutionary timescales show how impacts assessment risk emergence short term. also describe ongoing challenges analysis key themes for future research. A central question major events history animals, such as origin vertebrates periodic mass extinction events, shaped they carry. Harvey Holmes structure, They these impact emergence.

Language: Английский

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Rethinking next-generation vaccines for coronaviruses, influenzaviruses, and other respiratory viruses

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(1), P. 146 - 157

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Bats and their vital ecosystem services: a global review

Integrative Zoology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 2 - 23

Published: May 18, 2021

Abstract Bats play crucial ecosystem services as seed dispersers, pollinators, controllers of insects, and nutrient recyclers. However, there has not been a thorough global review evaluating these roles in bats across all biogeographical regions the world. We reviewed literature published during last two decades identified 283 relevant studies: 78 dealt with control potential insect pests by bats, 80 related to suppression other arthropods, 60 on dispersal native or endemic seeds, 11 seeds introduced plants, 29 pollination 1 study 24 use guano fertilizer. Our search showed that queries combining terms “seed dispersal,” “insectivorous bats,” “nectarivorous “use guano,” “ecosystem services” returned 577 studies, but half were experimental nature. found evaluation mostly conducted Neotropical Palearctic regions. To detect differences explain trends provided we performed generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) fitted Poisson distribution analyze among sampling methods. 409 bat species provide services, 752 consumed 549 plant either dispersed pollinated bats. summarizes importance conserving populations ecological they provide, which is especially important current pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Immune response in COVID-19: what is next?

Cell Death and Differentiation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(6), P. 1107 - 1122

Published: May 17, 2022

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a global pandemic for more than 2 years and it still impacts our daily lifestyle quality in unprecedented ways. A better understanding of immunity its regulation response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is urgently needed. Based on the current literature, we review here various virus mutations evolving manifestations along with alterations immune responses specific focuses innate response, neutrophil extracellular traps, humoral immunity, cellular immunity. Different types vaccines were compared analyzed based their unique properties elicit Various therapeutic strategies such as antibody, anti-viral medications inflammation control discussed. We predict that available continuously emerging new technologies, powerful administration schedules, effective public health measures, COVID-19 will be under near future.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19—lessons for zoonotic disease

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 375(6585), P. 1114 - 1115

Published: March 10, 2022

Disease emergence is driven by human-animal contact in a global viral ecosystem.

Language: Английский

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Pathogens and planetary change

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Emerging infectious diseases, biodiversity loss, and anthropogenic environmental change are interconnected crises with massive social ecological costs. In this Review, we discuss how pathogens parasites responding to global change, the implications for pandemic prevention conservation. Ecological evolutionary principles help explain why both pandemics wildlife die-offs becoming more common; land-use loss often followed by an increase in zoonotic vector-borne diseases; some species, such as bats, host so many emerging pathogens. To prevent next pandemic, scientists should focus on monitoring limiting spread of a handful high-risk viruses, especially at key interfaces farms live-animal markets. But address much broader set disease risks associated Anthropocene, decision-makers will need develop comprehensive strategies that include pathogen surveillance across species ecosystems; conservation-based interventions reduce human–animal contact protect health; health system strengthening; improvements epidemic preparedness response. Scientists can contribute these efforts filling gaps data, expanding evidence base disease–driver relationships interventions. This Review explores relationship between diseases connected changes Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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Bat genomes illuminate adaptations to viral tolerance and disease resistance

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Zoonoses are infectious diseases transmitted from animals to humans. Bats have been suggested harbour more zoonotic viruses than any other mammalian order1. Infections in bats largely asymptomatic2,3, indicating limited tissue-damaging inflammation and immunopathology. To investigate the genomic basis of disease resistance, Bat1K project generated reference-quality genomes ten bat species, including potential viral reservoirs. Here we describe a systematic analysis covering 115 that revealed signatures selection immune genes prevalent orders. We found an excess gene adaptations ancestral chiropteran branch many descending lineages, highlighting entry detection factors, regulators antiviral inflammatory responses. ISG15, which is contributing hyperinflammation during COVID-19 (refs. 4,5), exhibits key residue changes rhinolophid hipposiderid bats. Cellular infection experiments show species-specific differences essential role protein conjugation function separate its secretion Furthermore, contrast humans, ISG15 most has strong anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Our work reveals molecular mechanisms contribute tolerance resistance A genomes, 10 new positive shows aid bats, coronaviruses.

Language: Английский

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Zoonotic disease and virome diversity in bats

Current Opinion in Virology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 52, P. 192 - 202

Published: Dec. 23, 2021

The emergence of zoonotic viral diseases in humans commonly reflects exposure to mammalian wildlife. Bats (order Chiroptera) are arguably the most important reservoir for viruses, with notable examples including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronaviruses 1 and 2, Middle East coronavirus, henipaviruses lyssaviruses. Herein, we outline our current knowledge on diversity bat viromes, particularly through lens metagenomic next-generation sequencing context disease emergence. A key conclusion is that although bats harbour abundant virus diversity, vast majority viruses have not emerged cause new hosts such better regarded as critical but endangered components global ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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The evolution of regulated cell death pathways in animals and their evasion by pathogens

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 102(1), P. 411 - 454

Published: Dec. 13, 2021

The coevolution of host-pathogen interactions underlies many human physiological traits associated with protection from or susceptibility to infections. Among the mechanisms that animals utilize control infections are regulated cell death pathways pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. Over course evolution these have become intricate complex, coevolving microbes infect animal hosts. Microbes, in turn, evolved strategies interfere avoid eradication by host. Here, we present an overview Animalia devised pathogens processes. We review molecular death, their roles infection, how they perturbed viruses bacteria, providing insights into pathways.

Language: Английский

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