Current Opinion in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
70, P. 102229 - 102229
Published: Nov. 5, 2022
While
they
are
the
most
abundant
biological
entities
on
planet,
role
of
bacteriophages
(phages)
in
microbiome
remains
enigmatic
and
understudied.
With
a
rise
number
metagenomics
studies
publication
highly
efficient
phage
mining
programmes,
we
now
have
extensive
data
genomic
taxonomic
diversity
(mainly)
DNA
wide
range
environments.
In
addition,
higher
throughput
quality
sequencing
is
allowing
for
strain-level
reconstructions
genomes
from
metagenomes.
These
factors
will
ultimately
help
us
to
understand
these
phages
play
as
part
specific
microbial
communities,
enabling
tracking
individual
virus
through
space
time.
Using
lessons
learned
latest
metagenomic
studies,
focus
two
explicit
aspects
within
microbiome,
their
ecological
structuring
bacterial
populations,
contribution
functioning
by
encoding
auxiliary
metabolism
genes.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Feb. 29, 2024
Early-life
human
gut
microbiome
is
a
pivotal
driver
of
homeostasis
and
infant
health.
However,
the
viral
component
(known
as
"virome")
remains
mostly
unexplored.
Here,
we
establish
Early-Life
Gut
Virome
(ELGV),
catalog
160,478
non-redundant
DNA
RNA
sequences
from
8130
virus-like
particles
(VLPs)
enriched
or
bulk
metagenomes
in
first
three
years
life.
By
clustering,
82,141
species
are
identified,
68.3%
which
absent
existing
databases
built
mainly
adults,
64
8
based
on
VLPs-enriched
metagenomes,
respectively,
exhibit
potentials
biomarkers
to
distinguish
infants
adults.
With
largest
longitudinal
population
profiled
by
either
metagenomic
sequencing,
track
inherent
instability
temporal
development
early-life
virome,
identify
differential
viruses
associated
with
multiple
clinical
factors.
The
mother-infant
shared
virome
interactions
between
bacteriome
early
life
further
expanded.
Together,
ELGV
provides
most
comprehensive
complete
blueprint
facilitating
discovery
pediatric
disease-virome
associations
future.
Maternal and Child Nutrition,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
16(4)
Published: May 27, 2020
Abstract
The
World
Health
Organization
(WHO)
has
provided
detailed
guidance
on
the
care
of
infants
women
who
are
persons
under
investigation
(PUI)
or
confirmed
to
have
COVID‐19.
supports
immediate
post‐partum
mother–infant
contact
and
breastfeeding
with
appropriate
respiratory
precautions.
Although
many
countries
followed
WHO
guidance,
others
implemented
infection
prevention
control
(IPC)
policies
that
impose
varying
levels
separation
discourage
prohibit
provision
expressed
breast
milk.
These
aim
protect
from
potential
harm
their
mothers,
yet
they
may
fail
fully
account
for
impact
separation.
Global
COVID‐19
data
suggestive
potentially
lower
susceptibility
a
typically
milder
course
disease
among
children,
although
severe
in
infancy
remains.
Separation
causes
cumulative
harms,
including
disrupting
limiting
its
protection
against
infectious
disease,
which
disproportionate
impacts
vulnerable
infants.
also
presumes
replaceability
breastfeeding—a
risk
is
magnified
emergencies.
Moreover,
does
not
ensure
viral
exposure
during
hospitalizations
post‐discharge,
contributes
burden
overwhelmed
health
systems.
Finally,
magnifies
maternal
consequences
insufficient
compounds
trauma
communities
experienced
long‐standing
inequities
violence,
family
Taken
together,
separating
PUI/confirmed
SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive
mothers
lead
excess
preventable
illnesses
deaths
around
world.
services
must
consider
short‐andlong‐term
policies.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13(4), P. 1123 - 1123
Published: March 29, 2021
Human
milk
represents
a
cornerstone
for
growth
and
development
of
infants,
with
extensive
array
benefits.
In
addition
to
exceptionally
nutritive
bioactive
components,
human
encompasses
complex
community
signature
bacteria
that
helps
establish
infant
gut
microbiota,
contributes
maturation
immune
system,
competitively
interferes
pathogens.
Among
constituents
milk,
oligosaccharides
(HMOs)
are
particularly
significant.
These
non-digestible
carbohydrates
forming
the
third
largest
solid
component
in
milk.
Valuable
effects
HMOs
include
shaping
intestinal
imparting
antimicrobial
effects,
developing
barrier,
modulating
response.
Moreover,
recent
investigations
suggest
correlations
between
links
possibly
existing
environmental
factors,
genetics,
geographical
location,
other
factors.
this
review,
from
physiological
health
implications
perspective,
benefits
newborns
mothers
highlighted.
From
microbiological
focused
insight
into
including
origins,
diversity,
benefits,
effect
maternal
diet
is
presented.
metabolic
biochemical,
physiological,
genetic
significance
HMOs,
their
probable
relations
addressed.
Ongoing
research
mechanistic
processes
through
which
rich
biological
assets
promote
development,
immunity
tackled.
FEMS Microbiology Reviews,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
44(4), P. 507 - 521
Published: June 3, 2020
ABSTRACT
Gut
microbiome
(GM)
composition
and
function
are
linked
to
human
health
disease,
routes
for
manipulating
the
GM
have
become
an
area
of
intense
research.
Due
its
high
treatment
efficacy,
use
fecal
microbiota
transplantation
(FMT)
is
generally
accepted
as
a
promising
experimental
patients
suffering
from
imbalances
(dysbiosis),
e.g.
caused
by
recurrent
Clostridioides
difficile
infections
(rCDI).
Mounting
evidence
suggests
that
bacteriophages
(phages)
play
key
role
in
successful
FMT
restoring
dysbiotic
bacterial
GM.
As
refinement
FMT,
removing
component
donor
feces
sterile
filtration,
also
referred
virome
(FVT),
decreases
risk
invasive
bacteria.
However,
eukaryotic
viruses
prophage-encoded
virulence
factors
remain
safety
issue.
Recent
vivo
studies
show
how
cascading
effects
initiated
when
phage
communities
transferred
gut
FVT,
which
leads
changes
composition,
host
metabolome,
improve
such
alleviating
symptoms
obesity
type-2-diabetes
(T2D).
In
this
review,
we
discuss
promises
limitations
FVT
along
with
perspectives
using
treat
various
diseases
associated
dysbiosis.
