Targeting the gut and tumor microbiota in cancer

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(4), P. 690 - 703

Published: April 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Microbiota medicine: towards clinical revolution

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: March 7, 2022

Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by the largest microbial community within body consisting of trillions microbes called gut microbiota. normal flora site many physiological functions such as enhancing host immunity, participating in nutrient absorption and protecting against pathogenic microorganisms. Numerous investigations showed a bidirectional interplay between microbiota organs intestines, lungs, brain, skin. Large evidence demonstrated, more than decade ago, that alteration key factor pathogenesis local systemic disorders. In this regard, deep understanding mechanisms involved symbiosis/dysbiosis crucial for clinical health field. We review most recent studies on involvement diseases. also elaborate different strategies used to manipulate prevention treatment future medicine strongly related quality our Targeting dysbiosis will be huge challenge.

Language: Английский

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The gut virome: A new microbiome component in health and disease

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 81, P. 104113 - 104113

Published: June 23, 2022

The human gastrointestinal tract harbours an abundance of viruses, collectively known as the gut virome. virome is highly heterogeneous across populations and linked to geography, ethnicity, diet, lifestyle, urbanisation. currently function varies greatly populations, much remains unknown. We review current literature on virome, intricate trans-kingdom interplay among bacteria, mammalian host underlying health diseases. summarise evidence use diagnostic markers a therapeutic target. shed light novel avenues microbiome-inspired diagnosis therapies. also pre-clinical clinical studies virome-rectification-based therapies, including faecal microbiota transplantation, refined phage therapy. Our suggests that future research effort should focus unravelling mechanisms exerted by viruses/phages in pathophysiology, developing phage-prompted precision

Language: Английский

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Fecal microbiota transplantation in human metabolic diseases: From a murky past to a bright future?

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(6), P. 1098 - 1110

Published: June 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Fecal filtrate transplantation protects against necrotizing enterocolitis

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 686 - 694

Published: Sept. 22, 2021

Abstract Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening gastrointestinal disorder afflicting preterm infants, which currently unpreventable. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) promising preventive therapy, but the transfer of pathogenic microbes or toxic compounds raise concern. Removal bacteria from donor feces by micropore filtering may reduce this risk bacterial infection, while residual bacteriophages could maintain NEC-preventive effects. We aimed to assess preclinical efficacy and safety fecal filtrate (FFT). Using material healthy suckling piglets, we compared rectal FMT administration (FMT, n = 16) with cognate FFT either (FFTr, 14) oro-gastric (FFTo, 13) saline (CON, in preterm, cesarean-delivered piglets as models for infants. assessed gut pathology analyzed mucosal luminal viral composition using 16S rRNA gene amplicon meta-virome sequencing. Finally, used isolated ileal mucosa, coupled RNA-Seq, gauge host response different treatments. Oro-gastric completely prevented NEC, was confirmed microscopy, whereas did not perform better than control. increased diversity reduced Proteobacteria relative abundance mucosa An induction immunity observed FFT. As infants are extremely vulnerable infections, rational strategies need incontestable profiles. show clinically relevant animal model that FFT, opposed FMT, efficiently prevents NEC without any recognizable side

Language: Английский

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Engineered Bacteriophage Therapeutics: Rationale, Challenges and Future

BioDrugs, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 35(3), P. 255 - 280

Published: April 21, 2021

The current problems with increasing bacterial resistance to antibacterial therapies, resulting in a growing frequency of incurable infections, necessitates the acceleration studies on antibacterials new generation that could offer an alternative antibiotics or support their action. Bacteriophages (phages) can kill antibiotic-sensitive as well antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and thus are major subject such studies. Their efficacy curing infections has been demonstrated vivo experiments clinic. Unlike antibiotics, phages have narrow range specificity, which makes them safe for commensal microbiota. However, targeting even only most clinically relevant strains pathogenic bacteria requires large collections characterized phages, whose specificity would cover all strains. environment is rich source diverse but due complex relationships safety concerns, some naturally occurring be considered therapeutic applications. Still, number diversity make detailed characterization potentially promising virtually impossible. Moreover, no single phage combines features required ideal agent. Additionally, rapid acquisition by may already approved therapy ineffective turn search environmental better into endless race. An strategy acquiring desired properties short time minimal cost regarding acquisition, characterization, approval based targeted genome modifications isolates known properties. first example demonstrating potential this diseases resistant traditional recent successful treatment progressing disseminated Mycobacterium abscessus infection teenage patient use engineered phage. In review, we briefly present methods genetic engineering, highlighting advantages disadvantages, provide examples genetically modified host range, improved activity, proven efficacy. We also summarize novel uses not killing situ modification human microbiota attenuate symptoms certain metabolic, immune, mental disorders.

Language: Английский

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Diet-gut microbiota-epigenetics in metabolic diseases: From mechanisms to therapeutics

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 153, P. 113290 - 113290

Published: June 17, 2022

The prevalence of metabolic diseases, including obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a severe burden in human society owing to the ensuing high morbidity mortality. Various factors linked disorders, particularly environmental (such as diet gut microbiota) epigenetic modifications, contribute progression diseases. Dietary components habits regulate alterations microbiota; turn, microbiota-derived metabolites, such short-chain acids (SCFAs), are influenced by diet. Interestingly, diet-derived microbial metabolites appear produce substrates enzymatic regulators for modifications DNA methylation, histone non-coding RNA expression). Epigenetic changes mediated participate disorders via intestinal permeability, immune responses, inflammatory reactions, insulin resistance. In addition, can trigger responses microbiota dysbiosis directly binding G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Hence, diet-gut microbiota-epigenetics may play role However, their complex relationships with diseases remain largely unknown require further investigation. This review aimed elaborate on interactions among diet, microbiota, epigenetics uncover mechanisms therapeutics

Language: Английский

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The Gut Microbiota Influenced by the Intake of Probiotics and Functional Foods with Prebiotics Can Sustain Wellness and Alleviate Certain Ailments like Gut-Inflammation and Colon-Cancer

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 665 - 665

Published: March 20, 2022

The gut microbiota is composed of several microbial strains, with diverse and variable combinations in healthy sick persons, changing at different stages life. A balance between host microorganisms must be maintained order to perform the normal physiological, metabolic, immune functions prevent disease development. Disturbances by reasons initiate health issues promote progression certain diseases. This review based on published research reports that describe role probiotic sustainability alleviation Information presented GRAS strains are used as probiotics food industry for production fermented milk, yogurt, food, functional foods, drinks. To maintain a microbiota, supplements form freeze-dried live cells also available forms consumers. benefits lactic acid bacteria other their control diseases such inflammation, diabetes, bowel cancer safeguarding epithelial permeability from invasion pathogens discussed.

Language: Английский

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Biotherapy Using Probiotics as Therapeutic Agents to Restore the Gut Microbiota to Relieve Gastrointestinal Tract Inflammation, IBD, IBS and Prevent Induction of Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 5748 - 5748

Published: March 17, 2023

The gut microbiota is composed of several microbial strains with diverse and variable compositions in both healthy sick people. An undisturbed needs to be sustained order perform all physiological, metabolic, immune functions a normal way prevent the development diseases. This article has reviewed published information on issue disruption balance microbiota. could for many reasons, such as infection gastrointestinal tract, food poisoning, diarrhoea, chemotherapy, malnutrition, lifestyle, ageing. If this not restored normal, it might cause dysbiosis. Eventually, interrupted by dysbiosis initiate health issues, inflammation induction cancer, progression variety diseases irritable bowel syndrome inflammatory disease. review concluded that biotherapy natural using probiotic products, whether form food, beverages, or supplements, restore disrupted Metabolites secreted ingested probiotics help relieve tract can avoid cancer.

Language: Английский

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The gut virome is associated with stress-induced changes in behaviour and immune responses in mice

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 359 - 376

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

The microbiota-gut-brain axis has been shown to play an important role in the stress response, but previous work focused primarily on of bacteriome. gut virome constitutes a major portion microbiome, with bacteriophages having potential remodel bacteriome structure and activity. Here we use mouse model chronic social stress, employ 16S rRNA whole metagenomic sequencing faecal pellets determine how is modulated by contributes effects stress. We found that led behavioural, immune alterations mice were associated changes bacteriophage class Caudoviricetes unassigned viral taxa. To whether these causally related stress-associated behavioural or physiological outcomes, conducted transplant from before autochthonously transferred it undergoing transfer protected against behaviour sequelae restored stress-induced select circulating cell populations, cytokine release, gene expression amygdala. These data provide evidence plays modulation during indicating populations should be considered when designing future microbiome-directed therapies.

Language: Английский

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