Glial functions in the blood-brain communication at the circumventricular organs DOI Creative Commons
Seiji Miyata

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Oct. 6, 2022

The circumventricular organs (CVOs) are located around the brain ventricles, lack a blood-brain barrier (BBB) and sense blood-derived molecules. This review discusses recent advances in importance of CVO functions, especially glial cells transferring periphery inflammation signals to brain. CVOs show size-limited vascular permeability, allowing passage molecules with molecular weight <10,000. indicates that an endothelial cell does not mean free movement into parenchyma. Astrocytes tanycytes constitute dense at distal subdivision, preventing diffusion neighboring regions. Tanycytes mediate communication between cerebrospinal fluid parenchyma via transcytosis. Microglia macrophages essential for transmitting peripheral information other regions toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Inhibition TLR2 signaling or depletion microglia eliminates TLR2-dependent inflammatory responses. In contrast TLR2, astrocytes crucial initiating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced responses TLR4. Depletion augments LPS-induced fever chronic sickness continuously activated, even under normal physiological conditions, as they exhibit activated morphology express M1/M2 marker proteins. Moreover, microglial proliferation occurs various regions, such hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, telencephalon, marked increase CVOs, due low-dose LPS administration, after high-dose is seen most except cerebral cortex hippocampus. A transient population beneficial during attenuating response. Transient potential vanilloid 1 expressed responsible thermoregulation upon exposure warm environment less than 37°C. Alternatively, Na x maintaining body homeostasis. Thus, findings indicate neuroinflammatory thermal

Language: Английский

Physiological and Behavioral Mechanisms of Thermoregulation in Mammals DOI Creative Commons
Daniel Mota‐Rojas, Cristiane Gonçalves Titto, Agustı́n Orihuela

et al.

Animals, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1733 - 1733

Published: June 10, 2021

This review analyzes the main anatomical structures and neural pathways that allow generation of autonomous behavioral mechanisms regulate body heat in mammals. The study hypothalamic neuromodulation thermoregulation offers broad areas opportunity with practical applications are currently being strengthened by availability efficacious tools like infrared thermography (IRT). These could include following: understanding effect climate change on behavior productivity; analyzing effects exercise animals involved sporting activities; identifying microvascular changes occur response to fear, pleasure, pain, other situations induce stress animals; examining thermoregulating behaviors. research contribute substantially drastic modification environments have severe consequences for animals, such as loss appetite, low productivity, neonatal hypothermia, thermal shock, among others. Current knowledge these physiological processes complex structures, nervous systems their close relation thermoregulation, is still limited. results studies fields evolutionary neuroscience show we cannot yet objectively explain even surface seem simple, including connections trigger vasodilatation panting. In addition, there a need clarify connection between emotions increases chances survival some organisms. An increasingly precise will us design apply methods animal science clinical medicine without compromising levels welfare. obtained should not only increase but also improve quality life production.

Language: Английский

Citations

119
Light modulates glucose metabolism by a retina-hypothalamus-brown adipose tissue axis DOI Creative Commons
Jianjun Meng, Jiawei Shen, Guang Li

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 186(2), P. 398 - 412.e17

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

53
Direct photoreception by pituitary endocrine cells regulates hormone release and pigmentation DOI
Ayaka Fukuda, Keita Sato, Chika Fujimori

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 387(6729), P. 43 - 48

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

The recent discovery of nonvisual photoreceptors in various organs has raised expectations for uncovering their roles and underlying mechanisms. In this work, we identified a previously unrecognized hormone-releasing mechanism the pituitary Japanese rice fish (medaka) induced by light. Ca 2+ imaging analysis revealed that melanotrophs, type endocrine cell secretes melanocyte-stimulating hormone, robustly increase concentration intracellular during short-wavelength light exposure. Moreover, Opn5m as key molecule drives response. Knocking out opn5m attenuated melanogenesis reducing tyrosinase expression skin. Our findings suggest which direct reception melanotrophs triggers pathway might contribute to protection from ultraviolet radiation medaka.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Sensory input, sex and function shape hypothalamic cell type development DOI Creative Commons
Harris S. Kaplan, Brandon L. Logeman, Kai Zhang

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 5, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Violet light suppresses lens-induced myopia via neuropsin (OPN5) in mice DOI Creative Commons
Xiaoyan Jiang, Machelle T. Pardue, Kiwako Mori

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(22)

Published: May 24, 2021

Significance The increasing prevalence of myopia is a significant public health concern. Unfortunately, the mechanisms driving remain elusive, limiting effective treatment options. This report identifies refractive development pathway that requires Opn5 -expressing retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Stimulation RGCs with short-wavelength violet light prevented experimental in mice. Furthermore, this effect was dependent on time day, evening exposure being sufficient to protect against myopia. Thus, these studies suggest may contribute emmetropization and identify OPN5 as potential target for

Language: Английский

Citations

93
The Torpid State: Recent Advances in Metabolic Adaptations and Protective Mechanisms† DOI Creative Commons
Sylvain Giroud, Caroline Habold,

Roberto F. Nespolo

et al.

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 20, 2021

Torpor and hibernation are powerful strategies enabling animals to survive periods of low resource availability. The state torpor results from an active drastic reduction individual’s metabolic rate (MR) associated with a relatively pronounced decrease in body temperature. To date, several forms have been described all three mammalian subclasses, i.e., monotremes, marsupials, placentals, as well few avian orders. This review highlights some the characteristics, whole organism down cellular molecular aspects, phenotype. first part this focuses on specific adaptations torpor, it is used by many species temperate zones. notably includes endocrine changes involved fat- food-storing hibernating species, explaining biomedical implications MR depression. We further compare adaptive mechanisms occurring opportunistic vs. seasonal heterotherms, such tropical sub-tropical species. Such comparisons bring new insights into origins among including resistance oxidative stress. second section emphasizes heterotherms protect their key organs against potential threats, reactive oxygen torpid state. address rehabilitation protection during hibernation, emphasis brain, central organ requiring recovery. Also, special focus given role ubiquitous readily-diffusing molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), protecting ischemia-reperfusion damage various over torpor-arousal cycle conclude that (i) flexibility use strategy enables different heterothermic substantially suppress energy needs severely reduced food availability, (ii) phenotype implies marked levels, (iii) highly efficient protective ensuring continuity proper bodily functions. Comparison monotremes marsupials warranted for understanding origin evolution torpor.

Language: Английский

Citations

70
Melanopsin retinal ganglion cells mediate light-promoted brain development DOI Creative Commons
Jiaxi Hu, Yiming Shi, Jiaming Zhang

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(17), P. 3124 - 3137.e15

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

53
Red Light Optogenetics in Neuroscience DOI Creative Commons
K. Lehtinen, Miriam S. Nokia, Heikki Takala

et al.

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 3, 2022

Optogenetics, a field concentrating on controlling cellular functions by means of light-activated proteins, has shown tremendous potential in neuroscience. It possesses superior spatiotemporal resolution compared to the surgical, electrical, and pharmacological methods traditionally used studying brain function. A multitude optogenetic tools for neuroscience have been created that, example, enable control action generation via ion channels. Other proteins brain, long-term potentiation or ablate specific subtypes neurons. In vivo applications, however, majority are operated with blue, green, yellow light, which all limited penetration biological tissues red light especially infrared light. This difference is significant, considering size rodent major research model Our review will focus utilization light-operated We first outline advantages studies. Then we provide brief overview systems new developments field. Finally, highlight different further facilitate use optogenetics

Language: Английский

Citations

39
An Expanding Role for Nonvisual Opsins in Extraocular Light Sensing Physiology DOI Creative Commons

Mutahar Andrabi,

Brian A. Upton, Richard A. Lang

et al.

Annual Review of Vision Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 245 - 267

Published: May 17, 2023

We live on a planet that is bathed in daily and seasonal sunlight cycles. In this context, terrestrial life forms have evolved mechanisms directly harness light energy (plants) or decode information for adaptive advantage. animals, the main sensors are family of G protein-coupled receptors called opsins. Opsin function best described visual sense. However, most animals also use opsins extraocular sensing behavior camouflage. While it has long been believed mammals do not an capacity, recent evidence suggests otherwise. Notably, encephalopsin (OPN3) neuropsin (OPN5) both known to mediate mice. Examples mediation include photoentrainment circadian clocks skin (by OPN5) acute light-dependent regulation metabolic pathways OPN3 OPN5). This review summarizes current findings expanding field photoreception their relevance human physiology.

Language: Английский

Citations

28
Circadian-independent light regulation of mammalian metabolism DOI
Feng Rao, Tian Xue

Nature Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(6), P. 1000 - 1007

Published: June 3, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

16