Aging and Disease,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 0 - 0
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Depression
represents
a
prevalent
and
enduring
mental
disorder
of
significant
concern
within
the
clinical
domain.
Extensive
research
indicates
that
depression
is
very
complex,
with
many
interconnected
pathways
involved.
Most
related
to
focuses
on
monoamines,
neurotrophic
factors,
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
axis,
tryptophan
metabolism,
energy
mitochondrial
function,
gut-brain
glial
cell-mediated
inflammation,
myelination,
homeostasis,
brain
neural
networks.
However,
recently,
Ketamine,
an
ionotropic
N-methyl-D-aspartate
(NMDA)
receptor
antagonist,
has
been
discovered
have
rapid
antidepressant
effects
in
patients,
leading
novel
successful
treatment
approaches
for
mood
disorders.
This
review
aims
summarize
latest
findings
insights
into
various
signaling
systems
observed
patients
animal
models,
providing
more
comprehensive
view
neurobiology
anxious-depressive-like
behavior.
Specifically,
it
highlights
key
mechanisms
ketamine
as
rapid-acting
antidepressant,
aiming
enhance
neuropsychiatric
Moreover,
we
discuss
potential
prophylactic
or
therapeutic
intervention
stress-related
psychiatric
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: Oct. 13, 2023
Astroglia
are
a
broad
class
of
neural
parenchymal
cells
primarily
dedicated
to
homoeostasis
and
defence
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
contribute
pathophysiology
all
neurological
neuropsychiatric
disorders
in
ways
that
can
be
either
beneficial
or
detrimental
disorder
outcome.
Pathophysiological
changes
astroglia
primary
secondary
result
gain
loss
functions.
respond
external,
non-cell
autonomous
signals
associated
with
any
form
CNS
pathology
by
undergoing
complex
variable
their
structure,
molecular
expression,
function.
In
addition,
internally
driven,
cell
astroglial
innate
properties
lead
pathologies.
Astroglial
is
complex,
different
pathophysiological
states
phenotypes
context-specific
vary
disorder,
disorder-stage,
comorbidities,
age,
sex.
Here,
we
classify
into
(i)
reactive
astrogliosis,
(ii)
atrophy
function,
(iii)
degeneration
death,
(iv)
astrocytopathies
characterised
aberrant
forms
drive
disease.
We
review
across
spectrum
human
diseases
disorders,
including
neurotrauma,
stroke,
neuroinfection,
autoimmune
attack
epilepsy,
as
well
neurodevelopmental,
neurodegenerative,
metabolic
disorders.
Characterising
cellular
mechanisms
represents
new
frontier
identify
novel
therapeutic
strategies.
Science Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(721)
Published: Nov. 8, 2023
Astrocytes
are
abundant
glial
cells
in
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
that
play
active
roles
health
and
disease.
Recent
technologies
have
uncovered
functional
heterogeneity
of
astrocytes
their
extensive
interactions
with
other
cell
types
CNS.
In
this
Review,
we
highlight
intricate
between
astrocytes,
CNS-resident
cells,
CNS-infiltrating
as
well
potential
therapeutic
value
context
inflammation
neurodegeneration.
Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
379(6636), P. 1023 - 1030
Published: March 10, 2023
Cell-cell
interactions
in
the
central
nervous
system
play
important
roles
neurologic
diseases.
However,
little
is
known
about
specific
molecular
pathways
involved,
and
methods
for
their
systematic
identification
are
limited.
Here,
we
developed
a
forward
genetic
screening
platform
that
combines
CRISPR-Cas9
perturbations,
cell
coculture
picoliter
droplets,
microfluidic-based
fluorescence-activated
droplet
sorting
to
identify
mechanisms
of
cell-cell
communication.
We
used
SPEAC-seq
(systematic
perturbation
encapsulated
associated
cells
followed
by
sequencing),
combination
with
vivo
microglia-produced
amphiregulin
as
suppressor
disease-promoting
astrocyte
responses
multiple
sclerosis
preclinical
models
clinical
samples.
Thus,
enables
high-throughput
communication
mechanisms.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Jan. 2, 2024
Abstract
Droplet
microfluidics
enables
kHz
screening
of
picoliter
samples
at
a
fraction
the
cost
other
high-throughput
approaches.
However,
generating
stable
droplets
with
desired
characteristics
typically
requires
labor-intensive
empirical
optimization
device
designs
and
flow
conditions
that
limit
adoption
to
specialist
labs.
Here,
we
compile
comprehensive
droplet
dataset
use
it
train
machine
learning
models
capable
accurately
predicting
geometries
required
generate
aqueous-in-oil
oil-in-aqueous
single
double
emulsions
from
15
250
μm
rates
up
12000
Hz
for
different
fluids
commonly
used
in
life
sciences.
Blind
predictions
by
our
as-yet-unseen
fluids,
geometries,
materials
yield
accurate
results,
establishing
their
generalizability.
Finally,
an
easy-to-use
design
automation
tool
within
3
(<8%)
diameter,
facilitating
tailored
droplet-based
platforms
accelerating
utility
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(7), P. a041356 - a041356
Published: Feb. 5, 2024
In
addition
to
their
many
functions
in
the
healthy
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
astrocytes
respond
CNS
damage
and
disease
through
a
process
called
"reactivity."
Recent
evidence
reveals
that
astrocyte
reactivity
is
heterogeneous
spectrum
of
potential
changes
occur
context-specific
manner.
These
are
determined
by
diverse
signaling
events
vary
not
only
with
nature
severity
different
insults
but
also
location
CNS,
genetic
predispositions,
age,
potentially
"molecular
memory"
previous
events.
Astrocyte
can
be
associated
both
essential
beneficial
as
well
harmful
effects.
The
available
information
rapidly
expanding
much
has
been
learned
about
molecular
diversity
reactivity.
Emerging
functional
associations
point
toward
roles
for
determining
outcome
disorders.
