Carbon storage through China’s planted forest expansion

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 15, 2024

Abstract China’s extensive planted forests play a crucial role in carbon storage, vital for climate change mitigation. However, the complex spatiotemporal dynamics of forest area and its storage remain uncaptured. Here we reveal such changes from 1990 to 2020 using satellite field data. Results show doubling area, trend that intensified post-2000. These lead increasing 675.6 ± 12.5 Tg C 1,873.1 16.2 2020, with an average rate ~ 40 yr −1 . The expansion contributed 53% (637.2 5.4 C) total above increased compared growth. This proactive policy-driven has catalyzed swift increase aligning Carbon Neutrality Target 2060.

Language: Английский

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Trends and Drivers of Terrestrial Sources and Sinks of Carbon Dioxide: An Overview of the TRENDY Project

Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(7)

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract The terrestrial biosphere plays a major role in the global carbon cycle, and there is recognized need for regularly updated estimates of land‐atmosphere exchange at regional scales. An international ensemble Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs), known as “Trends drivers scale sources sinks dioxide” (TRENDY) project, quantifies land biophysical processes biogeochemistry cycles support annual Carbon Budget assessments REgional Cycle Assessment Processes, phase 2 project. DGVMs use common protocol set driving data sets. A factorial simulations allows attribution spatio‐temporal changes surface to three primary change drivers: atmospheric CO , climate variability, Land Use Cover Changes (LULCC). Here, we describe TRENDY benchmark DGVM performance using remote‐sensing other observational data, present results contemporary period. Simulation show large sink natural vegetation over 2012–2021, attributed fertilization effect (3.8 ± 0.8 PgC/yr) (−0.58 0.54 PgC/yr). Forests semi‐arid ecosystems contribute approximately equally mean trend sink, continue dominate interannual variability. offset by net emissions from LULCC (−1.6 0.5 PgC/yr), with 1.7 0.6 PgC/yr. Despite largest gross fluxes being tropics, simulated extratropical regions.

Language: Английский

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Human degradation of tropical moist forests is greater than previously estimated

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 631(8021), P. 570 - 576

Published: July 3, 2024

Abstract Tropical forest degradation from selective logging, fire and edge effects is a major driver of carbon biodiversity loss 1–3 , with annual rates comparable to those deforestation 4 . However, its actual extent long-term impacts remain uncertain at global tropical scale 5 Here we quantify the magnitude persistence multiple types on structure by combining satellite remote sensing data pantropical moist cover changes estimates canopy height biomass spaceborne 6 light detection ranging (LiDAR). We estimate that decreases owing logging 15% 50%, respectively, low recovery even after 20 years. Agriculture road expansion trigger 20% 30% reduction in edge, persistent being measurable up 1.5 km inside forest. Edge encroach 18% (approximately 206 Mha) remaining forests, an area more than 200% larger previously estimated 7 Finally, degraded forests 50% are significantly vulnerable subsequent deforestation. Collectively, our findings call for greater efforts prevent protect already meet conservation pledges made recent United Nations Climate Change Biodiversity conferences.

Language: Английский

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Burning of woody debris dominates fire emissions in the Amazon and Cerrado

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Language: Английский

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Mapping tropical forest degradation with deep learning and Planet NICFI data

Remote Sensing of Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 298, P. 113798 - 113798

Published: Sept. 19, 2023

Tropical rainforests from the Brazilian Amazon are frequently degraded by logging, fire, edge effects and minor unpaved roads. However, mapping extent of degradation remains challenging because lack frequent high-spatial resolution satellite observations, occlusion understory disturbances, quick recovery leafy vegetation, limitations conventional reflectance-based remote sensing techniques. Here, we introduce a new approach to map forest caused road construction based on deep learning (DL), henceforth called DL-DEGRAD, using very high spatial (4.77 m) bi-annual monthly temporal Planet NICFI imagery. We applied DL-DEGRAD model over forests state Mato Grosso in Brazil with attributions 2016 2021 at six-month intervals. A total 73,744 images (256 × 256 pixels size) were visually interpreted manually labeled three semantic classes (logging, roads) train/validate U-Net model. predicted study area for all dates, producing accumulated maps biannually. Estimates accuracy areas performed probability design-based stratified random sampling (n = 2678 samples) compared it existing operational data products level. significantly better than other logging activities (F1-score 68.9) fire 75.6) when Brazil's national (SIMEX, DETER, MapBiomas Fire) global (UMD-GFC, TMF, FireCCI, FireGFL, GABAM, MCD64). Pixel-based comparison showed highest agreement DETER SIMEX as official derived visual interpretation Landsat The closely trained human delineation logged burned forests, suggesting methodology can readily scale up monitoring regional scales. Over Grosso, combined degrading remaining intact an average rate 8443 km2 year−1 2017 2021. In 2020, record 13,294 was estimated which two times deforestation.

Language: Английский

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Carbon–biodiversity relationships in a highly diverse subtropical forest

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(18), P. 5321 - 5333

Published: March 27, 2023

Carbon-focused climate mitigation strategies are becoming increasingly important in forests. However, with ongoing biodiversity declines we require better knowledge of how much such account for biodiversity. We particularly lack information across multiple trophic levels and on established forests, where the interplay between carbon stocks, stand age, tree diversity might influence carbon-biodiversity relationships. Using a large dataset (>4600 heterotrophic species 23 taxonomic groups) from secondary, subtropical tested multitrophic within groups relate to aboveground, belowground, total stocks at different richness age. Our study revealed that aboveground carbon, key component climate-based management, was largely unrelated diversity. By contrast, stocks-that is, including belowground carbon-emerged as significant predictor Relationships were nonlinear strongest lower levels, but nonsignificant higher level Tree age moderated these relationships, suggesting long-term regeneration forests may be effective reconciling targets. findings highlight benefits climate-oriented management need evaluated carefully, only maximizing fail conservation requirements.

Language: Английский

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Amazon deforestation causes strong regional warming

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(45)

Published: Oct. 30, 2023

Tropical deforestation impacts the climate through complex land–atmosphere interactions causing local and regional warming. However, whilst of on temperature are well understood, (nonlocal) response is poorly quantified. Here, we used remote-sensed observations forest loss dry season land–surface during period 2001 to 2020 demonstrate that Amazon caused strong warming at distances up 100 km away from loss. We apply a machine learning approach show nonlocal due 2–100 length scales increases by more than factor 4, 0.16 K 0.71 for each 10-percentage points estimate rapid future under inequality scenario could cause 0.96 across Mato Grosso state in southern Brazil over 2050. Reducing reduce 0.4 K. Our results contribution tropical potential reduced deliver adaptation resilience with important implications sustainable management Amazon.

Language: Английский

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Global dominance of lianas over trees is driven by forest disturbance, climate and topography

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Growing evidence suggests that liana competition with trees is threatening the global carbon sink by slowing recovery of forests following disturbance. A recent theory based on local and regional further proposes competitive success lianas over driven interactions between forest disturbance climate. We present first assessment liana–tree relative performance in response to climate drivers. Using an unprecedented dataset, we analysed 651 vegetation samples representing 26,538 82,802 from 556 unique locations worldwide, derived 83 publications. Results show perform better (increasing liana‐to‐tree ratio) when are disturbed, under warmer temperatures lower precipitation towards tropical lowlands. also found can be a critical factor hindering disturbed experiencing liana‐favourable climates, as chronosequence data high persist for decades disturbances, especially annual mean temperature exceeds 27.8°C, less than 1614 mm climatic water deficit more 829 mm. These findings reveal degraded environmental conditions favouring disproportionately vulnerable dominance thus potentially stall succession, important implications sink, hence should highest priority consider restoration management.

Language: Английский

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Climate change and the sustainable use of medicinal plants: a call for “new” research strategies

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Climate change and human activities severely impact the viability of plants ecosystems, threatening environment, biodiversity, sustainable development plant-based products. Biotic abiotic (ecosystem) determinants affect species distribution long-term survival, which in turn influence quality used as herbal medicines other high-value In recent decades, diverse anthropogenic impacts have significantly affected these aspects. change, excessive plant exploitation, habitat loss, vulnerability, factors adversely growth, reproduction, adaptation populations, well volume primary materials supplied to pharmaceutical markets. Despite growing challenges, there is limited knowledge potential strategies prevent or mitigate impacts, particularly for vulnerable collected from wild harvested traditional production systems. Hence, effective preserving increasing populations are urgently needed. this study, we propose a new framework including main sustainability better understand address vulnerability species, hence climate change. We assess applicability our proposed via seven case studies (i.e., Aquilaria malaccensis Lam., Boswellia sacra Flück., Crocus sativus L., Panax quinquefolius Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf ex Wardlew., Rhodiola rosea Warburgia salutaris (G.Bertol.) Chiov.) biogeographic realms, all widely medicinal plants. These present various challenges related their use, impacting current future status locally globally. Their economic importance, combined with rising demands specific risks overexploitation, also key considered here. The suggested products phytopharmaceutical industry emphasises that promote conservation resource use. It can be adapted requiring urgent attention.

Language: Английский

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Drivers and benefits of natural regeneration in tropical forests

Published: April 21, 2025

Language: Английский

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