Type 2 immunity in the skin and lungs

Allergy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 75(7), P. 1582 - 1605

Published: April 22, 2020

Abstract There has been extensive progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation immune regulation allergic diseases skin lungs during last few years. Asthma atopic dermatitis (AD) are typical type 2 responses. interleukin (IL)‐25, IL‐33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin essential cytokines epithelial cells that activated by allergens, pollutants, viruses, bacteria, toxins derive Th2 innate lymphoid (ILC) produce secrete such as IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐9, IL‐13. IL‐4 IL‐13 activate B to class‐switch IgE also play a role T‐cell eosinophil migration inflammatory tissues. contributes maturation, activation, nitric oxide production differentiation epithelia, mucus well smooth muscle contraction, extracellular matrix generation. open tight junction barrier cause leakiness lungs. IL‐5 acts on recruitment, survival eosinophils. IL‐9 general phenotype enhancing all aspects, eosinophilia. Type ILC contribute AD asthma activity cells, eosinophils, their cytokines. Currently, five biologics licensed suppress via IgE, its receptor, receptor alpha. Some patients with severe disease have little evidence hyperactivity do not respond which target this pathway. Studies responder nonresponder demonstrate complexity these diseases. In addition, primary deficiency related regulatory development, signaling, Omenn syndrome, combined deficiencies, immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X‐linked DOCK8, STAT3, CARD11 help our importance redundancy various components. The present review aims highlight recent advances immunity discuss sources, targets, roles AD.

Language: Английский

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Skin Barrier Abnormalities and Immune Dysfunction in Atopic Dermatitis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(8), P. 2867 - 2867

Published: April 20, 2020

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common and relapsing skin disease that characterized by barrier dysfunction, inflammation, chronic pruritus. While AD was previously thought to occur primarily in children, increasing evidence suggests more adults than assumed. Accumulating from experimental, genetic, clinical studies indicates expression precondition for the later development of other atopic diseases, such as asthma, food allergies, allergic rhinitis. Although exact mechanisms pathogenesis remain unclear, it evident both cutaneous dysfunction immune dysregulation are critical etiologies pathology. This review explores recent findings on possible underlying involved its pathogenesis, which immunological integrity function, supporting idea systemic disease. These provide further insights therapeutic developments aiming repair decrease inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Trial of Nemolizumab and Topical Agents for Atopic Dermatitis with Pruritus

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 383(2), P. 141 - 150

Published: July 8, 2020

Nemolizumab is a subcutaneously administered humanized monoclonal antibody against interleukin-31 receptor A, which involved in pruritus and inflammation atopic dermatitis. In phase 2 studies, nemolizumab lessened the severity of

Language: Английский

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Epithelial barrier hypothesis: Effect of the external exposome on the microbiome and epithelial barriers in allergic disease

Allergy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 77(5), P. 1418 - 1449

Published: Feb. 2, 2022

Environmental exposure plays a major role in the development of allergic diseases. The exposome can be classified into internal (e.g., aging, hormones, and metabolic processes), specific external chemical pollutants or lifestyle factors), general broader socioeconomic psychological contexts) domains, all which are interrelated. All factors we exposed to, from moment conception to death, part exposome. Several hundreds thousands new chemicals have been introduced modern life without our having full understanding their toxic health effects ways mitigate these effects. Climate change, air pollution, microplastics, tobacco smoke, changes loss biodiversity, alterations dietary habits, microbiome due modernization, urbanization, globalization constitute surrounding environment Some disrupt epithelial barriers skin mucosal surfaces, disruptions linked last few decades increasing prevalence severity inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, food allergy, rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, asthma. barrier hypothesis provides mechanistic explanation how explain rapid increase autoimmune In this review, discuss affecting planet's context 'epithelial hypothesis,' including climate emphasize on addition, roles increased fatty acid consumption environmental substances (detergents, airborne pollen, ozone, nanoparticles, tobacco) discussed. Considering emerging data recent studies, suggest stringent governmental regulations, global policy adjustments, patient education, establishment individualized control measures threats decrease disease.

Language: Английский

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Delgocitinib ointment, a topical Janus kinase inhibitor, in adult patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study and an open-label, long-term extension study

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 82(4), P. 823 - 831

Published: Feb. 3, 2020

BackgroundPrevious studies showed the potential effectiveness of delgocitinib ointment, a novel topical Janus kinase inhibitor, in atopic dermatitis (AD).ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate efficacy and safety 0.5% ointment.MethodsIn part 1, 4-week double-blind period, Japanese patients aged 16 years or older with moderate severe AD were randomly assigned 2:1 ratio ointment vehicle ointment. Eligible entered 2, 24-week extension receive ointment.ResultsAt end treatment least-squares mean percent changes from baseline modified Eczema Area Severity Index score, primary endpoint, significantly greater group than (-44.3% vs 1.7%, P < .001). The improvement score was maintained 2. Most adverse events mild unrelated across periods.LimitationsOnly included. vehicle-controlled period lasted only 4 weeks. In corticosteroids allowed for worsening AD.ConclusionDelgocitinib effective well tolerated adult up 28 Previous (AD). This At periods. Only AD. Delgocitinib

Language: Английский

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Cannabinoid Signaling in the Skin: Therapeutic Potential of the “C(ut)annabinoid” System

Molecules, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 918 - 918

Published: March 6, 2019

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has lately been proven to be an important, multifaceted homeostatic regulator, which influences a wide-variety of physiological processes all over the body. Its members, endocannabinoids (eCBs; e.g., anandamide), eCB-responsive receptors (e.g., CB₁, CB₂), as well complex enzyme and transporter apparatus involved in metabolism ligands were shown expressed several tissues, including skin. Although best studied functions ECS are related central nervous immune processes, experimental efforts last two decades have unambiguously confirmed that cutaneous cannabinoid ("c[ut]annabinoid") signaling is deeply maintenance skin homeostasis, barrier formation regeneration, its dysregulation was implicated contribute highly prevalent diseases disorders, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, scleroderma, acne, hair growth pigmentation keratin diseases, various tumors, itch. current review aims give overview available skin-relevant endo- phytocannabinoid literature with special emphasis on putative translational potential, highlight promising future research directions existing challenges.

Language: Английский

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Ångstrom-scale silver particle–embedded carbomer gel promotes wound healing by inhibiting bacterial colonization and inflammation

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(43)

Published: Oct. 23, 2020

L-AgÅPs-gel represents a highly effective and safe antibacterial anti-inflammatory material for promoting wound healing.

Language: Английский

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Injectable Double‐Crosslinked Adhesive Hydrogels with High Mechanical Resilience and Effective Energy Dissipation for Joint Wound Treatment

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 32(12)

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

Abstract Due to the moist environment and inevitable movement, efficient wound closure healing of vulnerable joint skin remains a great challenge. Herein, poly(γ‐glutamic acid)‐crosslinked amino‐functionalized PEGylated poly(glycerol sebacate) (γ‐PGA/PEGS‐NH 2 ) adhesive hydrogel is reported. PEGS‐NH γ‐PGA not only forms covalent amide bonds with biological tissue surfaces achieve strong adhesion but also establishes stable chemically crosslinked network in bulk hydrogels resist deformation. Furthermore, bioinspired gallic acid‐modified chitosan (CS‐GA) introduced enhance via multiple hydrogen establish dynamic physically dissipate energy. Consequently, this strongly adheres tissue, showing an six times higher than that fibrin glue comparable cyanoacrylate glue. Moreover, benefiting from high mechanical resilience effective energy dissipation, 200 cycles loading–unloading tests conducted under state full‐thickness rat incision model applied on nape further confirmed desirable performance. Combining above ideal features their good injectability shape‐adaptability complex contours, such are demonstrated be promising candidates for physiological environment.

Language: Английский

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Cyclodextrin-based host–guest supramolecular hydrogels for local drug delivery

Coordination Chemistry Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 454, P. 214352 - 214352

Published: Dec. 13, 2021

Language: Английский

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Gut–Skin Axis: Unravelling the Connection between the Gut Microbiome and Psoriasis

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(5), P. 1037 - 1037

Published: April 30, 2022

Evidence has shown that gut microbiome plays a role in modulating the development of diseases beyond gastrointestinal tract, including skin disorders such as psoriasis. The gut-skin axis refers to bidirectional relationship between and health. This is regulated through several mechanisms inflammatory mediators immune system. Dysregulation microbiota been seen numerous conditions atopic dermatitis, rosacea, Understanding how are involved regulating health may lead novel therapies for these modulation, particularly In this review, we will compare psoriasis patients healthy control, explain concept effects dysbiosis on physiology. We also review current evidence using probiotics

Language: Английский

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