iScience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
27(2), P. 108869 - 108869
Published: Jan. 11, 2024
Trained
immunity
(TI)
represents
a
memory-like
process
of
innate
immune
cells.
TI
can
be
initiated
with
various
compounds
such
as
fungal
β-glucan
or
the
tuberculosis
vaccine,
Bacillus
Calmette-Guérin.
Nevertheless,
considering
clinical
applications
harnessing
against
infections
and
cancer,
there
is
growing
need
for
new,
simple,
easy-to-use
inducers.
Here,
we
demonstrate
that
heat-killed
Mycobacterium
(HKMtb)
induces
both
in
vitro
vivo.
In
human
monocytes,
this
effect
truly
trained
process,
HKMtb
confers
boosted
inflammatory
responses
heterologous
challenges,
lipopolysaccharide
(Toll-like
receptor
[TLR]
4
ligand)
R848
(TLR7/8
ligand).
Mechanistically,
HKMtb-induced
relies
on
epigenetic
mechanisms
Syk/HIF-1α-dependent
manner.
vivo,
induced
when
administered
systemically
intranasally,
latter
generating
more
robust
response.
Summarizing,
our
research
has
demonstrated
potential
to
act
mucosal
immunotherapy
successfully
induce
responses.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(15), P. 12032 - 12032
Published: July 27, 2023
Macrophage
polarization
is
influenced
by
lipids,
which
also
exert
significant
control
over
macrophage
functions.
Lipids
and
their
metabolites
are
players
in
intricate
signaling
pathways
that
modulate
macrophages’
responses
to
pathogens,
phagocytosis,
ferroptosis,
inflammation.
This
review
focuses
on
lipid
metabolism
functions
addresses
potential
molecular
targets
for
the
treatment
of
macrophage-related
diseases.
While
lipogenesis
crucial
accumulation
phagocytosis
M1
macrophages,
M2
macrophages
likely
rely
fatty
acid
β-oxidation
utilize
acids
as
primary
energy
source.
Cholesterol
metabolism,
regulated
factors
such
SREBPs,
PPARs,
LXRs,
associated
with
cholesterol
efflux
capacity
formation
foam
cells
(M2-like
macrophages).
Foam
cells,
atherosclerosis,
an
increase
inflammatory
cytokines.
Lipolysis
uptake
markers,
CD36,
contribute
production
Enhancing
immune
system
through
inhibition
lipid-metabolism-related
can
potentially
serve
a
targeted
approach
against
tumor
cells.
Cyclooxygenase
inhibitors,
block
conversion
arachidonic
into
various
mediators,
influence
have
generated
attention
cancer
research.
Cell Communication and Signaling,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: Feb. 1, 2024
Colorectal
cancer
(CRC)
is
a
significant
public
health
concern,
and
its
development
associated
with
mitochondrial
dysfunction.
Mitochondria
can
adapt
to
the
high
metabolic
demands
of
cells
owing
their
plasticity
dynamic
nature.
The
fusion-fission
dynamics
mitochondria
play
crucial
role
in
signal
transduction
functions
CRC
cells.
Enhanced
fission
promotes
reprogramming
cells,
leading
cell
proliferation,
metastasis,
chemoresistance.
Excessive
also
trigger
mitochondria-mediated
apoptosis.
In
contrast,
excessive
fusion
leads
adenosine
triphosphate
(ATP)
overproduction
abnormal
tumor
whereas
moderate
protects
intestinal
epithelial
from
oxidative
stress-induced
damage,
thus
preventing
colitis-associated
(CAC).
Therefore,
an
imbalance
either
promote
or
inhibit
progression.
This
review
provides
overview
mechanism
underlying
impact
on
biology.
revealed
dual
identified
potential
drug
targets.
Additionally,
this
study
partially
explored
immune
vascular
endothelial
microenvironment,
suggesting
promising
prospects
for
targeting
key
fusion/fission
effector
proteins
against
CRC.
Journal of the American Chemical Society,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
145(44), P. 24153 - 24165
Published: Oct. 28, 2023
Cancer
stem
cells
(CSCs)
within
protumorigenic
microlesions
are
a
critical
driver
in
the
initiation
and
progression
of
early
stage
lung
cancer,
where
immune
provide
an
immunosuppressive
niche
to
strengthen
CSC
stemness.
As
mutual
interactions
between
CSCs
increasingly
recognized,
regulating
identify
effectively
eliminate
has
recently
become
one
most
attractive
therapeutic
options,
especially
for
abundant
tumor-associated
macrophages
(TAMs).
Herein,
we
developed
nebulized
nanocatalytic
medicine
strategy
which
iron-based
nanoparticle-regulated
TAMs
target
niches
trigger
ferroptosis
cancer.
Briefly,
nanoparticles
can
accumulate
cancer
(minimum
122
μm
diameter)
through
dextran-mediated
TAM
targeting
by
nebulization
administration,
as
result,
nanoparticle-internalized
play
predominant
role
iron
factory
elevating
level
surrounding
destroying
redox
equilibrium
downregulating
glucose-6-phosphate
metabolite
following
their
lysosomal
degradation
metabolism.
The
altered
microenvironment
results
enhanced
sensitivity
due
high
expression
CD44
receptor
mediating
endocytosis.
In
orthotopic
mouse
model
significantly
suppressed
ferroptosis-induced
stemness
reduction
administration.
This
work
presents
modulation
communications
CSCs,
is
expected
be
general
approach
primary
micrometastatic
Seminars in Immunopathology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
46(3-4)
Published: July 25, 2024
Abstract
The
innate
immune
system
exhibits
features
of
memory,
termed
trained
immunity,
which
promote
faster
and
more
robust
responsiveness
to
heterologous
challenges.
Innate
memory
is
sustained
through
epigenetic
modifications,
affecting
gene
accessibility,
promoting
a
tailored
transcription
for
an
enhanced
response.
Alterations
in
the
landscape
are
intertwined
with
metabolic
rewiring.
Here,
we
review
pathways
that
underscore
induction
maintenance
including
glycolysis,
oxidative
phosphorylation,
tricarboxylic
acid
cycle,
amino
lipid
metabolism.
intricate
interplay
these
pivotal
establishing
distinct
cellular
compartments.
We
explore
particular
case
resident
lung
alveolar
macrophages.
propose
leveraging
may
present
therapeutic
potential.
Specifically,
targeting
programs
cells
emerging
strategy
clinical
interventions,
either
boost
responses
immunosuppressed
conditions
or
mitigate
maladaptive
activation
hyperinflammatory
diseases.
iScience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
27(3), P. 109030 - 109030
Published: Jan. 26, 2024
Fungal
β-glucans
are
major
drivers
of
trained
immunity
which
increases
long-term
protection
against
secondary
infections.
Heterogeneity
in
β-glucan
source,
structure,
and
solubility
alters
interaction
with
the
phagocytic
receptor
Dectin-1
could
impact
strategies
to
improve
humans.
Using
a
panel
diverse
β-glucans,
we
describe
ability
specific
yeast-derived
whole-glucan
particle
(WGP)
reprogram
metabolism
thereby
drive
human
monocyte-derived
macrophages
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: July 16, 2024
While
most
of
the
cancer
immunotherapy
strategies
engage
adaptive
immunity,
especially
tumor-associated
T
cells,
small
fraction
responding
patients
and
types
cancers
amenable,
possibility
severe
adverse
effects
limit
its
usage.
More
effective
general
interventions
are
urgently
needed.
Recently,
a
de
facto
innate
immune
memory,
termed
‘trained
immunity’,
has
become
new
research
focal
point,
promises
to
be
powerful
tool
for
achieving
long-term
therapeutic
benefits
against
cancers.
Trained
immunity-inducing
agents
such
as
BCG
fungal
glucan
have
been
shown
able
avert
suppressive
tumor
microenvironment
(TME),
enhance
cell
responses,
eventually
lead
regression.
Here,
we
review
current
understating
trained
immunity
induction
highlight
critical
roles
emergency
granulopoiesis,
interferon
γ
tissue-specific
induction.
Preclinical
clinical
studies
that
exploited
inducers
summarized,
repurposed
from
other
fields
proposed.
We
also
outline
challenges
opportunities
in
future
immunotherapies.
envisage
more
vaccines
will
combine
with
therapies.