B-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2: infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity DOI Creative Commons
Dennis Lapuente, Thomas Winkler, Matthias Tenbusch

et al.

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 144 - 158

Published: Nov. 10, 2023

Abstract The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 prompted scientific, medical, and biotech communities to investigate infection- vaccine-induced immune responses the context this pathogen. B-cell antibody are at center these investigations, as neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) an important correlate protection (COP) from infection primary target SARS-CoV-2 vaccine modalities. In addition absolute levels, nAb longevity, neutralization breadth, immunoglobulin isotype subtype composition, presence mucosal sites have become topics for scientists health policy makers. recent pandemic was still is a unique setting which study de novo memory (MBC) dynamic interplay immunity. It also provided opportunity explore new platforms, such mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines, unprecedented cohort sizes. Combined with technological advances years, situation has detailed mechanistic insights into development but revealed some unexpected findings. review, we summarize key findings last 2.5 years regarding immunity, believe significant value not only future vaccination approaches endemic settings.

Language: Английский

BA.2 and BA.5 omicron differ immunologically from both BA.1 omicron and pre-omicron variants DOI Creative Commons
Annika Rössler, Antonia Netzl, Ludwig Knabl

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Dec. 13, 2022

Several studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 omicron is an immune escape variant. Meanwhile, however, BA.2 and BA.5 became dominant in many countries replaced BA.1. As both several mutations compared to BA.1, we analyzed whether show further relative Here, characterized neutralization profiles against the sub-variants plasma samples from individuals with different history of exposures infection/vaccination found unvaccinated after a single exposure had limited cross-neutralizing antibodies pre-omicron variants Consequently, our antigenic map including all Variants Concern sub-variants, showed are distinct variants, but three also antigenically each other. The antibody landscapes illustrate current space, as described maps, generated only or more close two distant variants. describe space inhabited by relevant understanding which will important implications for vaccine strain adaptations.

Language: Английский

Citations

73
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages exhibit distinct antibody escape patterns DOI Creative Commons

Henning Gruell,

Kanika Vanshylla, Michael Korenkov

et al.

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 30(9), P. 1231 - 1241.e6

Published: July 7, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

71
SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular immunity following different combinations of vaccination and breakthrough infection DOI Creative Commons
Jernej Pušnik,

Werner O. Monzon-Posadas,

Jasmin Zorn

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

Abstract The elicited anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity is becoming increasingly complex with individuals receiving a different number of vaccine doses paired or without recovery from breakthrough infections variants. Here we analyze the that initially received two mRNA and either booster vaccination, recovered infection, both. Our data suggest delta infection three optionally omicron provide better B cell than initial alpha infection. A particularly potent response against currently circulating variant (B. 1.1.529) was observed for thrice vaccinated infection; 46-fold increase in plasma neutralization compared to ( p < 0.0001). T after not significantly influenced by additional antigen exposures. Of note, hybrid show correlated adaptive immune responses those only vaccinated. Taken together, our detailed insight into SARS-CoV-2 following exposure scenarios.

Language: Английский

Citations

45
Levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among fully vaccinated individuals with Delta or Omicron variant breakthrough infections DOI Creative Commons
Nina Breinholt Stærke, Joanne Reekie,

Henrik Nielsen

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern have continuously evolved and may erode vaccine induced immunity. In this observational cohort study, we determine the risk breakthrough infection in a fully vaccinated cohort. anti-spike IgG levels were measured before first vaccination at day 21-28, 90 180, as well after booster vaccination. Breakthrough infections captured through Danish National Microbiology database. incidence rate ratio (IRR) for time-updated was determined using Poisson regression. Among 6076 participants, 127 364 due to Delta Omicron observed. IRR 0.29 (95% CI 0.15-0.56) with variant, comparing highest lowest quintiles IgG. For Omicron, no significant differences These results suggest that quantitative level limited impact on Omicron.

Language: Английский

Citations

69
Impact of COVID-19 on the liver and on the care of patients with chronic liver disease, hepatobiliary cancer, and liver transplantation: An updated EASL position paper DOI Open Access
Thomas Marjot, Christiane S. Eberhardt, Tobias Boettler

et al.

Journal of Hepatology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 77(4), P. 1161 - 1197

Published: July 20, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

62
Antibody Response in Immunocompromised Patients With Hematologic Cancers Who Received a 3-Dose mRNA-1273 Vaccination Schedule for COVID-19 DOI Open Access
Sabine Haggenburg, Quincy Hofsink, Birgit I. Lissenberg‐Witte

et al.

JAMA Oncology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(10), P. 1477 - 1477

Published: Aug. 19, 2022

Importance It has become common practice to offer immunocompromised patients with hematologic cancers a third COVID-19 vaccination dose, but data substantiating this are scarce. Objective To assess whether mRNA-1273 is associated increased neutralizing antibody concentrations in comparable levels obtained healthy individuals after the standard 2-dose schedule. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective observational cohort study was conducted at 4 university hospitals Netherlands included 584 evaluable spanning spectrum of 44 randomly selected age-matched adults without malignant or immunodeficient comorbidities. Exposures One additional 5 months completion Main Outcomes Measures Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies spike subunit 1 (S1) antigens prior weeks vaccination, neutralization capacity wild-type, Delta, Omicron variants subgroup patients. Results In (mean [SD] age, 60 [11.2] years; 216 [37.0%] women), median S1-IgG by The rise concentration most pronounced recovering immune system, potent responses were also observed persistent immunodeficiencies. Specifically, myeloid multiple myeloma recipients autologous allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) reached similar those Patients receiving shortly completing anti-CD20 therapy, CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy recipients, chronic lymphocytic leukemia ibrutinib less responsive unresponsive vaccination. 27 who received between second S1 preserved, not significantly enhanced except for HCT. A improved per antibody. Conclusions Relevance support that primary schedule should be supplemented delayed B-cell lymphoma HCT need revaccinated treatment transplantation. Trial Registration EudraCT Identifier: 2021-001072-41

Language: Английский

Citations

62
COVID-19 vaccine booster dose needed to achieve Omicron-specific neutralisation in nursing home residents DOI Creative Commons
David H. Canaday, Oladayo A. Oyebanji, Elizabeth M. White

et al.

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 80, P. 104066 - 104066

Published: May 20, 2022

Nursing home (NH) residents have borne a disproportionate share of SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality. Vaccines limited hospitalisation death from earlier variants in this vulnerable population. With the rise Omicron future variants, it is vital to sustain broaden vaccine-induced protection. We examined effect boosting with BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine on humoral immunity Omicron-specific neutralising activity among NH healthcare workers (HCWs). longitudinally enrolled 85 (median age 77) 48 HCWs 51), sampled them after initial vaccination series; just before 2 weeks booster vaccination. Anti-spike, anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) neutralisation titres original Wuhan strain were obtained. Booster significantly increased vaccine-specific anti-spike, anti-RBD, levels above pre-booster HCWs, both those without prior infection. was low dose series only 28% residents' HCWs' assay's lower limit detection. following lifted 86% 93% detectable range. boosting, vast majority developed activity. These data provide immunologic evidence that strongly supports counter waning hope will better protect vulnerable, high-risk population against variant. NIH AI129709-03S1, U01 CA260539-01, CDC 200-2016-91773, VA BX005507-01.

Language: Английский

Citations

46
An ACE2-dependent Sarbecovirus in Russian bats is resistant to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines DOI Creative Commons
Stephanie N. Seifert,

Shuangyi Bai,

Stephen Fawcett

et al.

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(9), P. e1010828 - e1010828

Published: Sept. 22, 2022

Spillover of sarbecoviruses from animals to humans has resulted in outbreaks severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoVs and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Efforts identify origins SARS-CoV-1 -2 discovery numerous animal sarbecoviruses-the majority which are only distantly related known human pathogens do not infect cells. The receptor binding domain (RBD) on engages molecules host cell mediates invasion. Here, we tested tropism serological cross reactivity for RBDs two found Russian horseshoe bats. While these viruses a viral lineage distinct -2, RBD one virus, Khosta 2, was capable using ACE2 facilitate entry. Viral pseudotypes with recombinant, SARS-CoV-2 spike encoding 2 were resistant both monoclonal antibodies serum individuals vaccinated SARS-CoV-2. Our findings further demonstrate that circulating wildlife outside Asia also pose threat global health vaccine campaigns against

Language: Английский

Citations

46
Lower vaccine-acquired immunity in the elderly population following two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination is alleviated by a third vaccine dose DOI Creative Commons
Laurent Rénia, Yun Shan Goh, Angéline Rouers

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Aug. 8, 2022

Abstract Understanding the impact of age on vaccinations is essential for design and delivery vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we present findings from a comprehensive analysis multiple compartments memory immune response in 312 individuals vaccinated with BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. Two vaccine doses induce high antibody T cell responses most individuals. However, recognition Spike protein Delta Omicron variants less efficient than that ancestral Wuhan strain. Age-stratified analyses identify group low responders where ≥60 years are overrepresented. Waning cellular observed 30% vaccinees after 6 months. does not influence waning these responses. Taken together, while old take longer to acquire vaccine-induced immunity, they develop more sustained acquired immunity at months post-vaccination. A third dose strongly boosts older strain, variants.

Language: Английский

Citations

45
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 exposure history on the T cell and IgG response DOI Creative Commons
Roanne Keeton, Marius B. Tincho, Akiko Suzuki

et al.

Cell Reports Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 100898 - 100898

Published: Dec. 22, 2022

Multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposures, from infection or vaccination, can potently boost spike antibody responses. Less is known about the impact of repeated exposures on T cell Here, we compare prevalence and frequency peripheral SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses in 190 individuals with complex SARS-CoV-2 exposure histories. As expected, an increasing number significantly enhances magnitude IgG responses, while improve responders but have less spike-specific frequencies circulation. Moreover, find that nature (rather than order vaccination) shape immune response, CD4 cells displaying a greater polyfunctional potential following hybrid immunity compared vaccination only. Characterizing adaptive evolving viral immunological landscape may inform vaccine strategies to elicit optimal as pandemic progress.

Language: Английский

Citations

43