Viral and immune profiles during the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients in Sardinia, Italy DOI Creative Commons
Giulietta Venturi, Alessandra Gallinaro, Claudia Fortuna

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Abstract We performed a retrospective immunological analysis of the antibody response in serum and nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) obtained from 46 individuals infected with ancestral SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 strain during first COVID-19 wave Cagliari (Sardinia, Italy), 4-month follow-up after hospital admission. implemented comprehensive mucosal samples using assays established our laboratories. In NPS we evaluated viral load by real time PCR, presence kinetics anti-Spike IgG IgA ELISA as well their anti-Wuhan neutralization activity, showing induction persistence anti-viral immunity at level. Neutralizing antibodies were measured safe pseudovirus-based assay validated comparison standard test live SARS-CoV-2. cross-neutralizing against all major early variants concerns (VoC) sera. Of note, detected remarkable reduction neutralizing activity BA.1 compared to BA.2 BA.5 Omicron subvariants, which was confirmed sera an analogous cohort patients San Raffaele Milan, geographically distant region Italy, virus same period time.

Language: Английский

Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 subvariants, including BA.4 and BA.5 DOI Creative Commons

Izumi Kimura,

Daichi Yamasoba,

Tomokazu Tamura

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(21), P. 3992 - 4007.e16

Published: Sept. 14, 2022

After the global spread of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, some BA.2 subvariants, including BA.2.9.1, BA.2.11, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5, emerged in multiple countries. Our statistical analysis showed that effective reproduction numbers these subvariants are greater than original BA.2. Neutralization experiments revealed immunity induced by BA.1/2 infections is less against BA.4/5. Cell culture BA.2.12.1 BA.4/5 replicate more efficiently human alveolar epithelial cells particularly, fusogenic We further provided structure spike receptor-binding domain binds to ACE2 considered how substitutions play roles binding immune evasion. Moreover, using hamsters suggested pathogenic multiscale investigations suggest risk particularly BA.4/5, health

Language: Английский

Citations

243
Mapping SARS-CoV-2 antigenic relationships and serological responses DOI Creative Commons
Samuel Wilks, Barbara Mühlemann, Xiaoying Shen

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 382(6666)

Published: Oct. 6, 2023

During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, multiple variants escaping preexisting immunity emerged, causing reinfections of previously exposed individuals. Here, we used antigenic cartography to analyze patterns cross-reactivity among 21 and 15 groups human sera obtained after primary infection with 10 different or messenger RNA (mRNA)–1273 mRNA-1273.351 vaccination. We found differences pre-Omicron caused by substitutions at spike-protein positions 417, 452, 484, 501. Quantifying changes in response breadth over time additional vaccine doses, our results show largest increase between 4 weeks >3 months a second dose. immunodominance spike regions, depending on variant an individual was first to, implications for risk assessment vaccine-strain selection.

Language: Английский

Citations

100
From Alpha to Omicron: How Different Variants of Concern of the SARS-Coronavirus-2 Impacted the World DOI Creative Commons

Mickensone Andre,

Lee-Seng Lau,

Marissa D. Pokharel

et al.

Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 1267 - 1267

Published: Sept. 21, 2023

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is prone to mutations and generation of genetic variants. Since its first outbreak in 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has continually evolved, resulting emergence several lineages variants concern (VOC) have gained more efficient transmission, severity, immune evasion properties. The World Health Organization given these names according letters Greek Alphabet, starting with Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant, which emerged 2020, followed by Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), Omicron (B.1.1.529) This review explores variation among different VOCs how made a global impact on pandemic.

Language: Английский

Citations

55
Antigenic cartography of well-characterized human sera shows SARS-CoV-2 neutralization differences based on infection and vaccination history DOI Creative Commons
Wei Wang, Sabrina Lusvarghi, Rahul Subramanian

et al.

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 30(12), P. 1745 - 1758.e7

Published: Oct. 21, 2022

The rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants challenges vaccination strategies. Here, we collected 201 serum samples from persons with a single infection or multiple vaccine exposures, both. We measured their neutralization titers against 15 natural and 7 engineered spike mutations analyzed antigenic diversity. Antigenic maps primary sera showed that Omicron sublineages BA.2, BA.4/BA.5, BA.2.12.1 are distinct BA.1 more similar to Beta/Gamma/Mu variants. Three mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations increased than BA.4/BA.5 BA.2.12.1. post-vaccination elicited higher all three alone, although less BA.4/BA.5. Those after two had titer magnitude recognition. Accounting for differences among when interpreting can aid the understanding complex patterns in humoral immunity informs selection future strains.

Language: Английский

Citations

61
Mapping SARS-CoV-2 antigenic relationships and serological responses DOI Creative Commons
Samuel Wilks, Barbara Mühlemann, Xiaoying Shen

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 28, 2022

During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, multiple variants escaping pre-existing immunity emerged, causing concerns about continued protection. Here, we use antigenic cartography to analyze patterns of cross-reactivity among a panel 21 and 15 groups human sera obtained following primary infection with 10 different or after mRNA-1273 mRNA-1273.351 vaccination. We find differences pre-Omicron caused by substitutions at spike protein positions 417, 452, 484, 501. Quantifying changes in response breadth over time additional vaccine doses, our results show largest increase between 4 weeks >3 months post-2nd dose. immunodominance regions depending on variant an individual was first exposed to, implications for risk assessment strain selection.

Language: Английский

Citations

60
Different Neutralization Profiles After Primary SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 Infections DOI Creative Commons
Iris Medits, David Niklas Springer, Marianne Graninger

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: July 19, 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant is the antigenically most distinct to date. As heavily mutated spike protein enables neutralization escape, we studied serum-neutralizing activities of naïve and vaccinated individuals after BA.1 or BA.2 sub-lineage infections in live virus tests with BA.1, BA.2, wildtype (WT, B1.1), Delta (B.1.617.2) strains. Serum samples obtained WT three-dose mRNA vaccinations without prior infection were included as controls.Primary yielded reduced neutralizing antibody levels against WT, Delta, while from BA.2-infected showed almost no cross-neutralization other variants. variants was detectable vaccinations, but titers. Vaccination-breakthrough either however, generated equal cross-neutralizing all tested.Our study demonstrates that although are able enhance pre-immune individuals, primary induced mostly variant-specific antibodies, emphasizing differently shaped humoral immunity by two These data thus contribute substantially understanding responses multiple exposures different particular importance for developing vaccination strategies light future emerging

Language: Английский

Citations

40
When to update COVID-19 vaccine composition DOI Open Access
Rebecca Grant, Jilian A. Sacks, Priya Abraham

et al.

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(4), P. 776 - 780

Published: Feb. 20, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

38
Hybrid Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 from Infection and Vaccination—Evidence Synthesis and Implications for New COVID-19 Vaccines DOI Creative Commons
Júlia Spinardi, Amit Srivastava

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 370 - 370

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

COVID-19 has taken a severe toll on the global population through infections, hospitalizations, and deaths. Elucidating SARS-CoV-2 infection-derived immunity led to development of multiple effective vaccines their implementation into mass-vaccination programs worldwide. After ~3 years, substantial proportion human possesses from infection and/or vaccination. With waning immune protection over time against emerging variants, it is essential understand duration protection, breadth coverage, effects reinfection. This targeted review summarizes available research literature infection-derived, vaccination-elicited, hybrid immunity. Infection-derived shown 93-100% outcomes for up 8 months, but reinfection observed with some virus variants. Vaccination elicits high levels neutralizing antibodies CD4+ CD8+ T-cell responses. Hybrid enables strong, broad responses, high-quality memory B cells generated at 5- 10-fold higher levels, versus or vaccination alone symptomatic disease lasting 6-8 months. evolution more transmissible immunologically divergent variants necessitated updating vaccines. To ensure continued regulators vaccine technical committees recommend variant-specific bivalent

Language: Английский

Citations

35
Comparison of bivalent and monovalent SARS-CoV-2 variant vaccines: the phase 2 randomized open-label COVAIL trial DOI Creative Commons
Angela R. Branche, Nadine Rouphael, David Diemert

et al.

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(9), P. 2334 - 2346

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

Vaccine protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection wanes over time, requiring updated boosters. In a phase 2, open-label, randomized clinical trial with sequentially enrolled stages at 22 US sites, we assessed safety and immunogenicity of second boost monovalent or bivalent variant vaccines from mRNA protein-based platforms targeting wild-type, Beta, Delta Omicron BA.1 spike antigens. The primary outcome was pseudovirus neutralization titers 50% inhibitory dilution (ID

Language: Английский

Citations

34
Characterizing SARS-CoV-2 neutralization profiles after bivalent boosting using antigenic cartography DOI Creative Commons
Annika Rössler, Antonia Netzl, Ludwig Knabl

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Aug. 26, 2023

Abstract Since emergence of the initial SARS-CoV-2 BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 variants, Omicron has diversified substantially. Antigenic characterization these new variants is important to analyze their potential immune escape from population immunity implications for future vaccine composition. Here, we describe an antigenic map based on human single-exposure sera live-virus isolates that includes a broad selection recently emerged such as BA.2.75, BF.7, BQ, XBB XBF variants. Recent clustered around BA.1 with some further extending space. Based this constructed antibody landscapes neutralization profiles after booster immunization bivalent mRNA vaccines ancestral virus either or BA.4/5. Immune was also evident in bivalently boosted individuals, however, cross-neutralization improved those hybrid immunity. Our results indicate updates are needed induce cross-neutralizing antibodies against currently circulating

Language: Английский

Citations

32