The connectome of the adult Drosophila mushroom body provides insights into function

eLife, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Dec. 14, 2020

Making inferences about the computations performed by neuronal circuits from synapse-level connectivity maps is an emerging opportunity in neuroscience. The mushroom body (MB) well positioned for developing and testing such approach due to its conserved architecture, recently completed dense connectome, extensive prior experimental studies of roles learning, memory, activity regulation. Here, we identify new components MB circuit Drosophila, including visual input output neurons (MBONs) with direct connections descending neurons. We find unexpected structure sensory inputs, transfer information different modalities MBONs, modulation that dopaminergic (DANs). provide insights into circuitry used integrate outputs, between central complex inputs DANs, feedback MBONs. Our results a foundation further theoretical work.

Language: Английский

---

The connectome of an insect brain

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 379(6636)

Published: March 10, 2023

Brains contain networks of interconnected neurons and so knowing the network architecture is essential for understanding brain function. We therefore mapped synaptic-resolution connectome an entire insect ( Drosophila larva) with rich behavior, including learning, value computation, action selection, comprising 3016 548,000 synapses. characterized neuron types, hubs, feedforward feedback pathways, as well cross-hemisphere brain-nerve cord interactions. found pervasive multisensory interhemispheric integration, highly recurrent architecture, abundant from descending neurons, multiple novel circuit motifs. The brain’s most circuits comprised input output learning center. Some structural features, multilayer shortcuts nested loops, resembled state-of-the-art deep architectures. identified provides a basis future experimental theoretical studies neural circuits.

Language: Английский

---

Bio‐Inspired 3D Artificial Neuromorphic Circuits

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(22)

Published: Feb. 26, 2022

Abstract Neuromorphic circuits emulating the bio‐brain functionality via artificial devices have achieved a substantial scientific leap in past decade. However, even with advent of highly advanced bio‐inspired algorithms, intelligence based on current neuromorphic is lagging behind significantly when compared naturally evolved biological neural circuits. This massive and intriguing discrepancy partly due to incomprehensive understanding operating mechanism, which relies heavily extremely complexed entangled 3D hierarchical networks. Configuring hardware combined computing memory functionalities, coupled compatible progress software can be an inevitable route surmount limitation encountered by 2D Herein, referring neuron configuration perspective together detailed signal generation propagation von Neumann state‐of‐the‐art in‐memory architecture, development perspectives are highlighted.

Language: Английский

---

Hierarchical architecture of dopaminergic circuits enables second-order conditioning in Drosophila

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 24, 2023

Dopaminergic neurons with distinct projection patterns and physiological properties compose memory subsystems in a brain. However, it is poorly understood whether or how they interact during complex learning. Here, we identify feedforward circuit formed between dopamine show that essential for second-order conditioning, an ethologically important form of higher-order associative The Drosophila mushroom body comprises series dopaminergic compartments, each which exhibits dynamics. We find slow stable compartment can serve as effective ‘teacher’ by instructing other faster transient compartments via single key interneuron, connectome analysis neurotransmitter prediction. This excitatory interneuron acquires enhanced response to reward-predicting odor after first-order conditioning and, upon activation, evokes release the ‘student’ compartments. These hierarchical connections explain first- long known behavioral psychologists.

Language: Английский

---

Common principles for odour coding across vertebrates and invertebrates

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 453 - 472

Published: May 28, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Dopamine

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(15), P. R817 - R824

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

---

A single-cell transcriptomic atlas of complete insect nervous systems across multiple life stages

Neural Development, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Aug. 24, 2022

Abstract Molecular profiles of neurons influence neural development and function but bridging the gap between genes, circuits, behavior has been very difficult. Here we used single cell RNAseq to generate a complete gene expression atlas Drosophila larval central nervous system composed 131,077 cells across three developmental stages (1 h, 24 h 48 after hatching). We identify 67 distinct clusters based on patterns expression. These include 31 functional mature neuron clusters, 1 ring gland cluster, 8 glial 6 precursor 13 developing immature adult clusters. Some are present all development, while others stage specific (such as neurons). genes that differentially expressed in each well at life. provide promising candidates for regulating neuronal types system, or specification differentiation neurons. The transcriptome Atlas is valuable resource biology systems neuroscience provides basis elucidating how regulate function.

Language: Английский

---

Connectomics and the neural basis of behaviour

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 54, P. 100968 - 100968

Published: Sept. 13, 2022

Methods to acquire and process synaptic-resolution electron-microscopy datasets have progressed very rapidly, allowing production annotation of larger, more complete connectomes. More accurate neuronal matching techniques are enriching cell type data with gene expression, neuron activity, behaviour developmental information, providing ways test hypotheses circuit function. In a variety behaviours such as learned innate olfaction, navigation sexual behaviour, connectomics has already revealed interconnected modules hierarchical structure, recurrence integration sensory streams. Comparing individual connectomes determine which features robust variable is one key research area; new work in comparative across development, experience, sex species will establish strong links between connectivity brain

Language: Английский

---

Neural Circuits Underlying Behavioral Flexibility: Insights From Drosophila

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 6, 2022

Behavioral flexibility is critical to survival. Animals must adapt their behavioral responses based on changes in the environmental context, internal state, or experience. Studies Drosophila melanogaster have provided insight into neural circuit mechanisms underlying flexibility. Here we discuss how behavior modulated by and learning. We describe general principles of organization modulation that underlie flexibility, are likely extend other species.

Language: Английский

---

Learning and memory using Drosophila melanogaster: a focus on advances made in the fifth decade of research

Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 224(4)

Published: May 22, 2023

Abstract In the last decade, researchers using Drosophila melanogaster have made extraordinary progress in uncovering mysteries underlying learning and memory. This has been propelled by amazing toolkit available that affords combined behavioral, molecular, electrophysiological, systems neuroscience approaches. The arduous reconstruction of electron microscopic images resulted a first-generation connectome adult larval brain, revealing complex structural interconnections between memory-related neurons. serves as substrate for future investigations on these connections building complete circuits from sensory cue detection to changes motor behavior. Mushroom body output neurons (MBOn) were discovered, which individually forward information discrete non-overlapping compartments axons mushroom (MBn). These mirror previously discovered tiling inputs dopamine led model ascribes valence event, either appetitive or aversive, activity different populations balance MBOn promoting avoidance approach Studies calyx, houses MBn dendrites, revealed beautiful microglomeruluar organization synapses occur with long-term memory (LTM) formation. Larval advanced, positioning it possibly lead producing new conceptual insights due its markedly simpler structure over brain. Advances how cAMP response element-binding protein interacts kinases other transcription factors promote formation LTM. New Orb2, prion-like forms oligomers enhance synaptic synthesis required LTM Finally, research pioneered our understanding mechanisms mediate permanent transient active forgetting, an important function brain along acquisition, consolidation, retrieval. was catalyzed partly identification suppressor genes—genes whose normal is limit

Language: Английский

---