Acta Biomaterialia,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
144, P. 1 - 14
Published: March 28, 2022
As
nanoscale
extracellular
vesicles,
exosomes
are
secreted
by
various
cell
types,
and
they
widely
distributed
in
multiple
biological
fluids.
Studies
have
shown
that
tumor-derived
can
carry
a
variety
of
primary
tumor-specific
molecules,
which
may
represent
novel
tool
for
the
early
detection
cancer.
However,
clinical
translation
remains
challenge
due
to
requirement
large
quantities
samples
when
enriching
cancer-related
fluids,
insufficiency
traditional
techniques
exosome
subpopulations,
complex
isolation
current
commercially
available
phenotype
profiling
approaches.
The
evolving
surface-enhanced
Raman
scattering
(SERS)
technology,
with
properties
unique
optoelectronics,
easy
functionalization,
particular
interaction
between
light
metallic
materials,
achieve
sensitive
without
multiplexed
profiling,
providing
new
mode
real-time
noninvasive
analysis
cancer
patients.
In
present
review,
we
mainly
discussed
based
on
SERS,
especially
SERS
immunoassay.
basic
structure
function
were
firstly
introduced.
Then,
recent
studies
using
technique
critically
reviewed,
included
substrates,
modification
SERS-based
detection,
combination
other
technologies
diagnosis.
This
review
systematically
essential
aspects,
limitations,
considerations
applying
technology
cancer-derived
exosomes,
could
provide
valuable
reference
diagnosis
through
technology.
Surface-enhanced
has
been
applied
obtain
better
diagnostic
results.
past
three
years,
several
reviews
published
narrowly
focus
methods
detection.
Selection
surface
functionalization
substrate
different
will
strategies
exosomes.
above
aspects.
emerging
method
is
constantly
contributing
discovery
diseases
future.
Frontiers in Genetics,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: July 17, 2020
Cells
release
nanometer-scale,
lipid
bilayer-enclosed
biomolecular
packages
(extracellular
vesicles;
EVs)
into
their
surrounding
environment.
EVs
are
hypothesized
to
be
intercellular
communication
agents
that
regulate
physiological
states
by
transporting
biomolecules
between
near
and
distant
cells.
The
research
community
has
consistently
advocated
for
the
importance
of
RNA
contents
in
demonstrating
that:
1)
EV-related
can
detected
a
liquid
biopsy,
2)
disease
significantly
alter
contents,
3)
sensitive
specific
biopsies
implemented
precision
medicine
settings
measuring
EV-derived
contents.
Furthermore,
have
medical
potential
beyond
diagnostics.
Both
natural
engineered
being
investigated
therapeutic
applications
such
as
regenerative
drug
delivery
agents.
This
review
focuses
specifically
on
EV
characterization,
analysis
content,
functional
implications.
NIH
extracellular
(ERC)
program
catapulted
human
from
an
profiling
standpoint
standardizing
pipeline
working
with
transcriptomics
data,
creating
centralized
database
scientific
community.
There
currently
thousands
RNA-sequencing
profiles
hosted
Extracellular
Atlas
alone
\citep{Murillo2019},
encompassing
variety
biofluid
types
health
conditions.
While
number
significant
discoveries
been
made
through
these
studies
individually,
integrative
analyses
data
thus
far
limited.
A
primary
focus
ERC
over
next
five
years
is
bring
higher
resolution
tools
so
investigators
isolate
analyze
sub-populations,
ultimately
single
sourced
discrete
cell
types,
tissues,
complex
biofluids.
Higher
techniques
will
essential
evaluating
roles
circulating
at
level
which
impacts
clinical
decision
making.
We
expect
advances
microfluidic
technologies
drive
near-term
innovation
about
diverse
EVs.
Long-term
translation
EV-based
mainstay
diagnostic
tool
depend
upon
identifying
robust
patterns
genetic
material
correlate
change
status.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
21(7), P. 2514 - 2514
Published: April 4, 2020
Extracellular
vesicles
act
as
shuttle
vectors
or
signal
transducers
that
can
deliver
specific
biological
information
and
have
progressively
emerged
key
regulators
of
organized
communities
cells
within
multicellular
organisms
in
health
disease.
Here,
we
survey
the
evolutionary
origin,
general
characteristics,
significance
extracellular
mediators
intercellular
signaling,
discuss
various
subtypes
thus
far
described
principal
methodological
approaches
to
their
study,
review
role
tumorigenesis,
immunity,
non-synaptic
neural
communication,
vascular-neural
communication
through
blood-brain
barrier,
renal
pathophysiology,
embryo-fetal/maternal
placenta.
Membranes,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(5), P. 498 - 498
Published: May 6, 2022
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
nanoscale
membrane
released
by
donor
cells
that
can
be
taken
up
recipient
cells.
The
study
of
EVs
has
the
potential
to
identify
unknown
cellular
and
molecular
mechanisms
in
intercellular
communication
disease.
Exosomes,
with
an
average
diameter
≈100
nanometers,
a
subset
EVs.
Different
families
have
been
shown
involved
formation
exosomes
subsequent
secretion
exosomes,
which
largely
leads
complexity
form,
structure
function
exosomes.
In
addition,
because
their
low
immunogenicity
ability
transfer
variety
bioactive
components
cells,
regarded
as
effective
drug
delivery
systems.
This
review
summarizes
known
biogenesis,
cargo
loading,
release
bioengineering,
is
great
importance
for
further
exploration
into
clinical
applications
Journal of Chromatography B,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
1169, P. 122604 - 122604
Published: Feb. 27, 2021
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
currently
of
tremendous
interest
in
many
research
disciplines
and
EVs
have
potential
for
development
EV
diagnostics
or
therapeutics.
Most
well-known
single
isolation
methods
their
particular
advantages
disadvantages
terms
purity
yield.
Combining
provides
additional
to
improve
the
efficacy
both
This
review
assesses
contribution
using
combined
by
performing
a
two-step
systematic
literature
analysis
from
all
papers
applying
year
2019.
resulted
an
overview
various
being
applied
isolations.
A
second
database
was
generated
studies
within
first
that
fairly
compared
multiple
determining
yield
after
isolation.
From
these
databases
it
is
shown
most
used
not
per
definition
best
based
on
yield,
indicating
more
factors
play
role
choice
which
method
choose
than
only
method.
included
~60%
isolations
were
performed
with
methods.
The
majority
differential
ultracentrifugation
alone
combination
ultrafiltration.
When
determined
clearly
outperformed
methods,
regardless
type
starting
material
used.
recommended
point
would
be
use
size-exclusion
chromatography
since
this
method,
especially
when
low-speed
centrifugation,
highest
purity,
while
still
providing
reasonable
Materials Advances,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
2(4), P. 1139 - 1176
Published: Jan. 1, 2021
This
review
discusses
various
aspects
of
protein
aggregation
and
inhibition
strategies,
emphasizing
the
use
polymers,
which
is
one
most
promising
approaches
to
combat
aggregation-induced
complications
in
neurodegenerative
diseases
therapeutics.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
10(7), P. 1763 - 1763
Published: July 12, 2021
Under
physio-pathological
conditions,
cells
release
membrane-surrounded
structures
named
Extracellular
Vesicles
(EVs),
which
convey
their
molecular
cargo
to
neighboring
or
distant
influencing
metabolism.
Besides
involvement
in
the
intercellular
communication,
EVs
might
represent
a
tool
used
by
eliminate
unnecessary/toxic
material.
Here,
we
revised
literature
exploring
link
between
and
redox
biology.
The
first
proof
of
this
derives
from
evidence
demonstrating
that
healthy
protect
target
oxidative
insults
through
transfer
antioxidants.
Oxidative
stress
conditions
influence
that,
turn,
modulate
status
cells.
stress-related
exert
both
beneficial
harmful
effects,
as
they
can
carry
antioxidants
ROS-generating
enzymes
oxidized
molecules.
As
mediators
cell-to-cell
are
also
implicated
pathophysiology
diseases.
review
found
numerous
studies
speculated
on
role
signaling
pathologies,
but
few
them
unraveled
mechanisms
behind
complex
link.
Thus,
purpose
is
report
discuss
evidence,
highlighting
analysis
content
stress-released
(reminiscent
originating
cells),
starting
point
for
use
diagnostic
therapeutic
tools