Genome sequences of three Aegilops species of the section Sitopsis reveal phylogenetic relationships and provide resources for wheat improvement

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 110(1), P. 179 - 192

Published: Jan. 8, 2022

SUMMARY Aegilops is a close relative of wheat ( Triticum spp.), and species in the section Sitopsis represent rich reservoir genetic diversity for improvement wheat. To understand their advance utilization, we produced whole‐genome assemblies longissima speltoides . Whole‐genome comparative analysis, along with recently sequenced sharonensis genome, showed that Ae. genomes are highly similar most closely related to D subgenome. By contrast, genome more B Haplotype block analysis supported idea closest subgenome, highlighted variable genomic regions between three Genome‐wide nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat NLR ) genes revealed species‐specific lineage‐specific variants, demonstrating potential improvement.

Language: Английский

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An Update of Recent Use of Aegilops Species in Wheat Breeding

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: May 9, 2019

Aegilops species have significantly contributed to wheat breeding despite the difficulties involved in handling of wild species, such as crossability and incompatibility. A number biotic resistance genes been identified incorporated into varieties from this genus is also contributing toward improvement complex traits yield abiotic tolerance for drought heat. The D genome diploid tauschii has utilized most often programs. Other are more difficult utilize because lower meiotic recombination frequencies; generally they can be only after extensive time-consuming procedures form translocation/introgression lines. After emergence Ug99 stem rust blast threats, gathered attention a new sources. This article aims update recent progress on well cover topics around their use breeding.

Language: Английский

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Large‐scale GWAS in sorghum reveals common genetic control of grain size among cereals

Plant Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 1093 - 1105

Published: Oct. 29, 2019

Summary Grain size is a key yield component of cereal crops and major quality attribute. It determined by genotype’s genetic potential its capacity to fill the grains. This study aims dissect architecture grain in sorghum. An integrated genome‐wide association (GWAS) was conducted using diversity panel ( n = 837) BC‐NAM population 1421). To isolate effects associated with size, rather than grains, treatment removing half panicle imposed during flowering. Extensive highly heritable variation observed both populations 5 field trials, 81 QTL were identified subsequent GWAS. These enriched for orthologues known genes rice maize, had significant overlap SNPs supporting common control this trait among cereals. opposite effect on number less likely from study, indicating facilitated identification regions related size. results enhance understanding cereal, pave way exploration underlying molecular mechanisms manipulation breeding practices.

Language: Английский

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Introducing Beneficial Alleles from Plant Genetic Resources into the Wheat Germplasm

Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 982 - 982

Published: Sept. 29, 2021

Wheat (

Language: Английский

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Potential of Wild Relatives of Wheat: Ideal Genetic Resources for Future Breeding Programs

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1656 - 1656

Published: Aug. 19, 2021

Among cereal crops, wheat has been identified as a major source for human food consumption. Wheat breeders require access to new genetic diversity resources satisfy the demands of growing population more with high quality that can be produced in variable environmental conditions. The close relatives domesticated wheats represent an ideal gene pool use breeders. genera Aegilops and Triticum are known main wheat, including numerous species different interesting genomic constitutions. According literature, each wild relative harbors useful alleles which induce resistance various stresses. Furthermore, progress biotechnology sciences provided accurate information regarding phylogenetic relationships among species, consequently opened avenues reconsider potential provide context how we employ them future breeding programs. In present review, have sought level well used wheat-breeding

Language: Английский

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Biotechnological Advances to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crops

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(19), P. 12053 - 12053

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

The major challenges that agriculture is facing in the twenty-first century are increasing droughts, water scarcity, flooding, poorer soils, and extreme temperatures due to climate change. However, most crops not tolerant climatic environments. aim near future, a world with hunger an population, breed and/or engineer tolerate abiotic stress higher yield. Some crop varieties display certain degree of tolerance, which has been exploited by plant breeders develop thrive under conditions. Moreover, long list genes involved tolerance have identified characterized molecular techniques overexpressed individually transformation experiments. Nevertheless, phenotypes polygenetic traits, current genomic tools dissecting exploit their use accelerating genetic introgression using markers or site-directed mutagenesis such as CRISPR-Cas9. In this review, we describe mechanisms sense adverse conditions examine discuss classic new select improve crops.

Language: Английский

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Exploration of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.), an Underutilized Crop, to Aid Global Food Security: Varietal Improvement, Genetic Diversity and Processing

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 766 - 766

Published: May 27, 2020

Currently, the global agricultural system is focused on a limited number of crop species, thereby presenting threat to food security and supply, especially with predicted climate change conditions. The importance ‘underutilized’ species in meeting world’s demand for has been duly recognized by research communities, governments policy makers worldwide. development underutilized crops, their vast genetic resources beneficial traits, may be useful step towards solving challenges offering multifaceted that includes additional important resources. Bambara groundnut among have positive impact through organized well-coordinated multidimensional breeding programs. excessive degrees allelic difference germplasm could exploited activities develop new varieties. It match objectives documented diversity order significantly improve breeding. This review assesses groundnut, as well factors involved realizing harnessing potential this crop.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of the S-Genomes in Triticum-Aegilops Alliance: Evidences From Chromosome Analysis

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Dec. 4, 2018

Five diploid Aegilops species of the Sitopsis section: Ae. speltoides, longissima, sharonensis, searsii, and bicornis, two tetraploid peregrina (=Ae. variabilis) kotschyi (Aegilops section) hexaploid vavilovii (Vertebrata carry S-genomes. The B- G-genomes polyploid wheat are also derivatives S-genome. Evolution S-genome was studied using Giemsa C-banding fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with DNA probes representing 5S (pTa794) 18S-5.8S-26S (pTa71) rDNAs as well nine tandem repeats: pSc119.2, pAesp_SAT86, Spelt-1, Spelt-52, pAs1, pTa-535, pTa-s53. To correlate FISH patterns we used microsatellites (CTT)10 (GTT)9, which major components positive heterochromatin wheat. According to results obtained, split into groups corresponding Emarginata Truncata sub-sections, differ patterns, distribution rDNA other repeats. most closely related speltoides. genomes allopolyploid heat have been evolved a result different species-specific chromosome translocations, sequence amplification, elimination re-patterning repetitive sequences. These events occurred independently locus 1S probably lost ancient speltoides prior formation Timopheevii wheat, but after emergence emmer. associated an increase (CTT)10-positive heterochromatin, amplification re-pattering gradual decrease amount D-genome-specific repeats variabilis did not lead significant changes S*-genomes. However, partial 45S from 5S* 6S* chromosomes alterations FISH-patterns detected. Similarity Sv-genome Ss genome searsii confirmed origin this hexaploid. A model evolution is suggested.

Language: Английский

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Genomic analysis of Spanish wheat landraces reveals their variability and potential for breeding

BMC Genomics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Feb. 4, 2020

One of the main goals plant breeding in twenty-first century is development crop cultivars that can maintain current yields unfavorable environments. Landraces have been grown under varying local conditions include genetic diversity will be essential to achieve this objective. The Center Plant Genetic Resources Spanish Institute for Agriculture Research maintains a broad collection wheat landraces. These accessions, which are locally adapted diverse eco-climatic conditions, represent highly valuable materials breeding. However, their efficient use requires an exhaustive characterization. overall aim study was assess and population structure selected set 380 landraces 52 reference varieties bread durum by high-throughput genotyping.The DArTseq GBS approach generated 10 K SNPs 40 high-quality DArT markers, were located against currently available genomes. markers with known locations distributed across all chromosomes relatively well-balanced genome-wide coverage. analysis showed clustered different groups, thus representing pools providing range allelic variation. subspecies had major impact on landraces, three distinct clusters corresponded subsp. durum, turgidum dicoccon being identified. mainly biased geographic origin.The results broader compared included commercial varieties, higher divergence between than wheat. analyses revealed genomic regions whose patterns variation markedly indicating loci selection during improvement, could help target efforts. obtained from work provide basis future association studies.

Language: Английский

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Identification of New Leaf Rust Resistance Loci in Wheat and Wild Relatives by Array-Based SNP Genotyping and Association Genetics

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Nov. 16, 2020

Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina is the most widespread disease of wheat. As pathogen populations are constantly evolving, identification novel sources resistance necessary to maintain and stay ahead this plant-pathogen evolutionary arms race. The wild genepool wheat a rich source genetic diversity, accounting for 44% Lr genes identified. Here we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) on diverse germplasm 385 accessions, including 27 different Triticum Aegilops species. Genetic characterization using 90K array subsequent filtering identified set 20,501 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers. Of those, 9,570 were validated exome capture mapped onto Chinese Spring reference sequence v1.0. Phylogenetic analyses illustrated four major clades, clearly separating species from T. aestivum turgidum GWAS was conducted eight statistical models infection types against six leaf isolates severity rated in field trials 3-4 years at 2-3 locations Canada. Functional annotation containing significant quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) 96 disease-related loci associated with resistance. A total 21 QTNs haplotype blocks or within flanking markers least 16 known genes. remaining considered that putatively harbor new Isolation these candidate will contribute elucidate their role promote usefulness marker-assisted selection introgression.

Language: Английский

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