Structural parameters of nanoparticles affecting their toxicity for biomedical applications: a review

Journal of Nanoparticle Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(3)

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

Rapidly growing interest in using nanoparticles (NPs) for biomedical applications has increased concerns about their safety and toxicity. In comparison with bulk materials, NPs are more chemically active toxic due to the greater surface area small size. Understanding NPs' mechanism of toxicity, together factors influencing behavior biological environments, can help researchers design reduced side effects improved performance. After overviewing classification properties NPs, this review article discusses molecular imaging cell therapy, gene transfer, tissue engineering, targeted drug delivery, Anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, cancer treatment, wound healing, anti-bacterial applications. There different mechanisms toxicity behaviors depend on various factors, which elaborated article. More specifically, interactions living components discussed by considering impact physiochemical parameters such as size, shape, structure, agglomeration state, charge, wettability, dose, substance type. The polymeric, silica-based, carbon-based, metallic-based (including plasmonic alloy NPs) have been considered separately.

Language: Английский

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Biomedical applications of metallic nanoparticles in cancer: Current status and future perspectives

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 150, P. 112951 - 112951

Published: April 18, 2022

The current advancements in nanotechnology are as an outcome of the development engineered nanoparticles. Various metallic nanoparticles have been extensively explored for various biomedical applications. They attract lot attention field due to their significant inert nature, and nanoscale structures, with size similar many biological molecules. Their intrinsic characteristics which include electronic, optical, physicochemical and, surface plasmon resonance, that can be changed by altering certain particle such size, shape, environment, aspect ratio, ease synthesis functionalization properties led numerous applications fields biomedicine. These targeted drug delivery, sensing, photothermal photodynamic therapy, imaging, well modulation two or three article also discusses about cancer imaging therapeutics. associated bottlenecks related clinical translation discussed.

Language: Английский

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Smart Nanomaterials in Cancer Theranostics: Challenges and Opportunities

ACS Omega, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(16), P. 14290 - 14320

Published: April 10, 2023

Cancer is ranked as the second leading cause of death globally. Traditional cancer therapies including chemotherapy are flawed, with off-target and on-target toxicities on normal cells, requiring newer strategies to improve cell selective targeting. The application nanomaterial has been extensively studied explored chemical biology tools in theranostics. It shows greater applications toward stability, biocompatibility, increased permeability, resulting precise targeting, mitigating shortcomings traditional therapies. nanoplatform offers an exciting opportunity gain targeting multifunctionality. advent nanotechnology, particular development smart nanomaterials, transformed diagnosis treatment. large surface area nanoparticles enough encapsulate many molecules ability functionalize various biosubstrates such DNA, RNA, aptamers, antibodies, which helps theranostic action. Comparatively, biologically derived nanomaterials perceive advantages over produced by conventional methods terms economy, ease production, reduced toxicity. present review summarizes techniques theranostics emphasizes (such organic (NPs), inorganic NPs, carbon-based NPs). We also critically discussed challenges impeding their translation treatment diagnostic applications. This concludes that use could significantly will facilitate new dimensions for tumor detection therapy.

Language: Английский

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Magnetite Nanoparticles in Magnetic Hyperthermia and Cancer Therapies: Challenges and Perspectives

Nanomaterials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 1807 - 1807

Published: May 25, 2022

Until now, strategies used to treat cancer are imperfect, and this generates the need search for better safer solutions. The biggest issue is lack of selective interaction with neoplastic cells, which associated occurrence side effects significantly reduces effectiveness therapies. use nanoparticles in can counteract these problems. One most promising magnetite. Implementation nanoparticle improve various treatment methods such as hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery, genotherapy, protein therapy. In first case, its feature makes magnetite useful magnetic hyperthermia. Interaction altered field heat. This process results raised temperature only a desired part patient body. other therapies, magnetite-based could serve carrier types therapeutic load. would direct drug-related pathological site. Therefore, material be gene therapy or delivery. Since treatment, they extensively studied. Herein, we summarize latest finding on applicability nanoparticles, also addressing critical problems faced by smart nanomedicine oncological

Language: Английский

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Application of Green Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis

Nanomaterials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1102 - 1102

Published: March 27, 2022

Nanoparticles are currently used for cancer theranostics in the clinical field. Among nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) attract much attention due to their usability and high performance imaging techniques. The wide availability of biological precursors plant-based synthesized AuNPs allows development large-scale production a greener manner. Conventional therapies, such as surgery chemotherapy, have significant limitations frequently fail produce satisfying results. prolonged circulation time, allow easy modification with ligands detected via cell surface receptors, increase uptake through receptor-mediated endocytosis. To exploit these unique features, studies been carried out on use contrast agents X-ray-based techniques (i.e., computed tomography). As nanocarriers, by nontoxic biocompatible plants deliver therapeutic biomolecules could be stride forward effective treatment various cancers. Fluorescent-plant-based markers, including AuNPs, fabricated using Medicago sativa, Olax Scandens, H. ambavilla, lanceolatum, detecting Moreover, green extracts applied different types solid tumors. However, cytotoxicity primarily depends size, reactivity, area. In this review, benefits materials therapy firstly explained. Then, considering valuable position medicine, application detection is highlighted an emphasis faced NPs drug delivery platforms.

Language: Английский

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Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles Using Some Selected Medicinal Plants from Southern Africa and Their Biological Applications

Plants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(9), P. 1929 - 1929

Published: Sept. 16, 2021

The application of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs), especially that silver, gold, cobalt, and zinc as antimicrobial, anticancer, drug delivery, contrast, bioimaging agents has transformed the field medicine. Their functions, which are attributed to their physicochemical properties, have gained prominence in various technological fields. Although MNPs can be produced via rigorous physical chemical techniques, recent years, a biological approach utilizing natural materials been developed. With increasing enthusiasm for safe efficient nanomaterials, method incorporating microorganisms plants is preferred over methods nanoparticle synthesis. Of these bio-entities, received great attention owing capability reduce stabilize single one-pot protocol. South Africa home ~10% world’s plant species, making it major contributor ecological scenery. Despite documented contribution African plants, particularly herbal medicine, very few explored synthesis noble MNPs. This paper provides review some important medicinal utilized enhanced properties biogenic attest relevance In this endeavour, more biodiversity must validated potential translated into future nanomedicine.

Language: Английский

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Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Annona muricata Extract as an Inducer of Apoptosis in Cancer Cells and Inhibitor for NLRP3 Inflammasome via Enhanced Autophagy

Nanomaterials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 384 - 384

Published: Feb. 3, 2021

Annona muricata is one of the most important traditional medicinal plants which contains numerous chemicals that exhibit various pharmacological properties. In this study, silver nanoparticles were prepared using A. peel extract as a reducing agent and effect was enhanced through like pharmaceutical activity. AgNPs formation confirmed by color changes, UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM, DLS, XRD. The anti-proliferative activity against THP-1, AMJ-13, HBL cell lines studied. Apoptotic markers tested AO/EtBr staining assay, cycle phases flowcytometry, expression P53. Autophagy takes an essential part in controlling inflammasome activation primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). We report novel functions for AgNPs-affected autophagy, represented control release IL-1β, caspase-1, adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like containing CARD (ASC), NLRP3 BMDMs following treatment with LPS+ATP. current study revealed inhibited THP-1 AMJ-13 proliferation. Meanwhile, significantly increased autophagy reduced IL-1b levels both vivo vitro models. secretion IL-1β whereas degradation enhanced. These findings propose apply cells stimulation apoptosis via mitochondrial damage induction p53 pathway. addition, AgNP-induced activation. This indicated augment controlled pathway two different mechanisms. first regulating IL-1 β, caspae-1, ASC, while second targeting lysosomal degradation. Overall, suggests could be potent therapy types cancer alternative preventing inflammation enhancing autophagy.

Language: Английский

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Nanocarriers based novel and effective drug delivery system

International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 632, P. 122570 - 122570

Published: Dec. 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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Current Overview of Metal Nanoparticles’ Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications, with a Focus on Silver and Gold Nanoparticles

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(10), P. 1410 - 1410

Published: Oct. 4, 2023

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) have garnered considerable attention, due to their unique physicochemical properties, that render them promising candidates for various applications in medicine and industry. This article offers a comprehensive overview of the most recent advancements manufacturing, characterization, biomedical utilization metal NPs, with primary focus on silver gold NPs. Their potential as effective anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial agents, drug delivery systems, imaging agents diagnosis treatment variety disorders is reviewed. Moreover, translation therapeutic settings, issue inclusion clinical trials, are assessed light over 30 investigations concentrate administering either or NPs conditions ranging from nosocomial infections different types cancers. paper aims not only examine biocompatibility nanomaterials but also emphasize challenges may limit safe integration into healthcare practices. More than 100 nanomedicines currently market, which justifies ongoing study use medicine. Overall, present review highlight innovative therapeutics field biomedicine, citing some relevant current applications.

Language: Английский

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Galangin/β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex as a Drug-Delivery System for Improved Solubility and Biocompatibility in Breast Cancer Treatment

Molecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(14), P. 4521 - 4521

Published: July 15, 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential a newly modified cyclodextrin derivative, water-soluble β-cyclodextrin–epichlorohydrin (β-CD), as an effective drug carrier enhance poor solubility and bioavailability galangin (GAL), poorly model drug. In regard, inclusion complexes GAL/β-CDP were prepared. UV-VIS spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray crystallography (XRD), zeta analysis, particle size field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission (TEM) applied characterize synthesized GAL/β-CD. Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7; human breast cancer cells) rat embryo fibroblast (REF; normal employed examine in vitro cytotoxic effects GAL/β-CD using various parameters. dye-based tests MTT crystal violet clearly exhibited that GAL/β-CD-treated cells had reduced proliferation rate, influence not found cell line. cells’ death follow apoptotic mechanisms, revealed by test acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr), with involvement mitochondria via caspase-3-mediated events, manifested Rh 123 test. We also included mouse possible vivo toxic It appears complex does have significant on cells, indicated serum levels kidney liver enzymatic markers, well thymic splenic mass indices. A similar conclusion reached histological level, absence pathological alterations liver, kidney, thymus, spleen, heart, lung.

Language: Английский

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