FLiRTing with danger: The emergence of the KP.2 Omicron variant DOI Creative Commons

Yashu,

Shiv Shankar Shukla, Honey Goel

et al.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 6, 2024

As new COVID-19 strains surface and proliferate over the world, pandemic is still evolving[1]. The FLiRT variants are one such family of that have recently drawn notice. They a Omicron sub-variants quickly becoming dominant. These include KP.2 KP.1.1. Due to certain changes in virus's spike proteins, these been dubbed "FLiRT." nickname comes from initials F L, R T, which stand for important mutations enable them avoid immunisation[2]. spreading more rapidly worldwide comparison with other variants. per available data, sub-variant will become most prevalent disease many developed nations including United States, Kingdom South Korea[3]. variant entered India November 2023 has spread into states highest prevalence Maharashtra. genomic surveillance data compiled by Indian SARS-CoV-2 Consortium (INSACOG), than 250 sequences reported India. records last 60 days, an approximate 29% uploaded Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) India[4]. result greater mutations, this considered infectious previous disease, increasing chances its rapid surge number cases. Additionally, their ability evade immunity raises risk breakthrough infections, could lead rise hospitalisations deaths[4]. variants, KP.1.1, characterized symptoms similar those earlier cough, fever, fatigue, body aches, headache, loss taste, sore throat, nausea, diarrhoea. differ slightly sub-variants; however, severity varies according underlying medical conditions individual's current immunological state[5]. Pneumonia, severe respiratory distress, organ failure possible outcomes extreme thought higher transmission rate be forms[6]. Infectious Disease Society America, there 1.22- fold increase relative effective reproduction (Re) compared JN.1 variant, suggesting This attributed novel enhance spreadability. Droplets can source transmission, dangerous everyone, especially compromised immune systems. existing vaccines found less efficient providing protection against KP.1.1 as it increased virulence through alterations proteins[7]. research done experts, vaccination does provide symptoms, helps preventing hospitalisation thus reduces morbidity or deaths caused but saying so newer questionable. Vaccination decreases decreasing viral load even if cannot shield individual disease[8]. predictions, believed show resistance towards vaccinations primarily XB2L.5 strain. To act newer/revised required lineage main target. not protect possibility catching infection would decrease associated. strain however discussion mutation level high exists escape host's defence triggered due vaccination[9]. Inculcating preventive measures our daily life best way impact variant. hot weather acts adjunct transmission. Measures like vaccination, staying at home sick, maintaining social distancing crowded places, wearing mask public places good personal hygiene help prevention disease[10,11]. Conflict interest statement authors declare no conflict interest. Funding received extramural funding study. Authors' contributions Y SS conceptualized designed work, carried out collection, drafted article. HG performed analysis interpretation. VC critically reviewed PAC article, responsible final approval version published. Publisher's note Publisher Journal remains neutral regard jurisdictional claims published maps institutional affiliations. Edited Zhang Q, Lei Y, Pan

Language: Английский

Long COVID in Children and Adolescents: Mechanisms, Symptoms, and Long-Term Impact on Health—A Comprehensive Review DOI Open Access
Diana-Georgiana Basaca, Iulius Jugănaru,

Oana Belei

et al.

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 378 - 378

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Long COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), is increasingly recognized a condition affecting not only adults but children and adolescents. While often experience milder acute COVID-19 symptoms compared to adults, some develop persistent physical, psychological, neurological lasting for weeks or months after initial infection. The most commonly reported include debilitating fatigue, respiratory issues, headaches, muscle pain, gastrointestinal disturbances, cognitive difficulties, which significantly impact daily activities, schooling, social interactions. Additionally, many with long COVID psychological symptoms, such anxiety, depression, mood swings, irritability, likely exacerbated by prolonged illness lifestyle disruptions. Risk factors in pre-existing health conditions asthma, obesity, disorders, adolescents females seemingly more affected. Hypothesized mechanisms underlying chronic immune dysregulation, viral particles stimulating inflammation, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, mitochondrial impairment, may collectively contribute the variety observed symptoms. Long-term outcomes remain uncertain; however, can lead school absenteeism, withdrawal, distress, potentially development. Severe cases postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) reduced exercise tolerance. This review synthesizes existing literature on children, examining its prevalence, symptomatology, risk factors, potential mechanisms, an emphasis need further clinical studies. research largely relies surveys self-reported data, assessments are essential accurately characterize pediatric populations guide effective management strategies.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Global Prevalence of Long COVID, its Subtypes and Risk factors: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis DOI Creative Commons

Yiren Hou,

Tian Gu,

Zheng Ni

et al.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Updated knowledge regarding the global prevalence of long COVID (or post-COVID-19 condition), its subtypes, risk factors, and variations across different follow-up durations geographical regions is necessary for informed public health recommendations healthcare delivery. The primary objective this systematic review to evaluate subtypes symptoms in individuals with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis, while secondary assess factors same population. Studies on published from July 5, 2021, May 29, 2024, searched PubMed, Embase, Web Science were used review. Supplemental updates original search period made. There four inclusion criteria: (1) human study population diagnosis; (2) appropriate index diagnosis date; (3) outcome must include either prevalence, duration, or COVID; (4) time at least two months after date. exclusion criteria were: non-human population; case studies reviews; imaging, molecular, and/or cellular testing as results; specific populations such workers, residents nursing homes, those living long-term care facilities; that did not meet sample size threshold needed estimate overall margin error 0.05. Two screeners independently performed screenings data extraction, decision conflicts collectively resolved. pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis framework DerSimonian-Laird inverse variance weighted estimator. estimand (target parameter interest) was among diagnoses, effect sizes corresponding ten common A total 442 included mega-systematic review, 429 meta-analyzed various endpoints, avoiding duplicate estimates study. Of studies, 17.9% have high bias. Heterogeneity evident where I 2 statistic nearly 100% prevalence. Global estimated 36% positive (95% confidence interval [CI] 33%-40%) 144 studies. Geographical variation observed COVID: Asia 35% CI 25%-46%), Europe 39% 31%-48%), North America 30% 24%-38%), South 51% 35%-66%). Stratifying by longer periods 1 years (47% [95% 37%-57%]) compared times less than year (35% 31%-39%]) had overlapping therefore statistically distinguishable. Top five most prevalent cases respiratory 20% 14%-28%) 31 general fatigue 18%-23%) 121 psychological 18% 11%-28%) 10 neurological 16% 8%-30%) 23 dermatological 12% 8%-17%) symptom based memory problems 11% 7%-19%) 12 three strongest being unvaccinated COVID-19, pre-existing comorbidity, female sex. Individuals any these higher odds having ratios 2.34 1.49-3.67) 6 1.59 1.28-1.97) 13 1.55 1.25-1.92) 22 respectively. This shows globally highly varying estimates. persists over extended follow-up, burden post-infection. Our findings highlight continuing challenge worldwide. heterogeneity argues need carefully designed representative world. Question: What are patterns what COVID?Results: Meta-analysis 2021-2024 individuals. Variations showed highest CI: 35%-66%), does seem diminish (less year: 35%, 95% 31%-39% vs. years: 47%, 37%-57%). eight major (respiratory), (general fatigue), (psychological), (neurological), (dermatological), 10% (cardiovascular), 9% (musculoskeletal) 5% (gastrointestinal).Meaning: Quantitative evidence persistent globally, significant post-infection, underscoring accurate standardized diagnostic tests biomarkers COVID, better understanding physiology condition, treatment, potential needs workforce participation. wide range call samples well-designed

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Characteristics and predictors of Long Covid in children: a 3-year prospective cohort study DOI Creative Commons
Anna Camporesi, Rosa Morello,

Anna Rocca

et al.

EClinicalMedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 76, P. 102815 - 102815

Published: Sept. 5, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Prevalence and co-occurrence of cognitive impairment in children and young people up to 12-months post infection with SARS-CoV-2 (Omicron variant) DOI Creative Commons

Paul Foret-Bruno,

Roz Shafran, Terence Stephenson

et al.

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 119, P. 989 - 994

Published: May 10, 2024

Cognitive impairment is often reported after SARS-CoV-2 infection, yet evidence gaps remain. We aimed to (i) report the prevalence and characteristics of children young people (CYP) reporting "brain fog" (i.e., cognitive impairment) 12-months post PCR-proven infection determine whether differences by status exist (ii) explore CYP experiencing over a 12-month period post-infection investigate relationship between poor mental health well-being, fatigue sleep problems.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Impact of Long SARS-CoV-2 Omicron on Health Care Burden: A Case-control Comparative Study with the Pre-Omicron Waves (Preprint) DOI Creative Commons
Bernardo Valdivieso,

Victoria López-Sánchez,

Inmaculada Saurí

et al.

JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10, P. e53580 - e53580

Published: May 23, 2024

Following the initial acute phase of COVID-19, health care resource use has escalated among individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Predicting post-COVID-19 condition in children and young people up to 24 months after a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR-test: the CLoCk study DOI Creative Commons
Manjula D. Nugawela, Terence Stephenson, Roz Shafran

et al.

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Nov. 7, 2024

Predicting which children and young people (CYP) are at the highest risk of developing post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) could improve care pathways. We aim to develop validate prediction models for persistent PCC up 24 months post-infection in CYP.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
FLiRTing with danger: The emergence of the KP.2 Omicron variant DOI Creative Commons

Yashu,

Shiv Shankar Shukla, Honey Goel

et al.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 6, 2024

As new COVID-19 strains surface and proliferate over the world, pandemic is still evolving[1]. The FLiRT variants are one such family of that have recently drawn notice. They a Omicron sub-variants quickly becoming dominant. These include KP.2 KP.1.1. Due to certain changes in virus's spike proteins, these been dubbed "FLiRT." nickname comes from initials F L, R T, which stand for important mutations enable them avoid immunisation[2]. spreading more rapidly worldwide comparison with other variants. per available data, sub-variant will become most prevalent disease many developed nations including United States, Kingdom South Korea[3]. variant entered India November 2023 has spread into states highest prevalence Maharashtra. genomic surveillance data compiled by Indian SARS-CoV-2 Consortium (INSACOG), than 250 sequences reported India. records last 60 days, an approximate 29% uploaded Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) India[4]. result greater mutations, this considered infectious previous disease, increasing chances its rapid surge number cases. Additionally, their ability evade immunity raises risk breakthrough infections, could lead rise hospitalisations deaths[4]. variants, KP.1.1, characterized symptoms similar those earlier cough, fever, fatigue, body aches, headache, loss taste, sore throat, nausea, diarrhoea. differ slightly sub-variants; however, severity varies according underlying medical conditions individual's current immunological state[5]. Pneumonia, severe respiratory distress, organ failure possible outcomes extreme thought higher transmission rate be forms[6]. Infectious Disease Society America, there 1.22- fold increase relative effective reproduction (Re) compared JN.1 variant, suggesting This attributed novel enhance spreadability. Droplets can source transmission, dangerous everyone, especially compromised immune systems. existing vaccines found less efficient providing protection against KP.1.1 as it increased virulence through alterations proteins[7]. research done experts, vaccination does provide symptoms, helps preventing hospitalisation thus reduces morbidity or deaths caused but saying so newer questionable. Vaccination decreases decreasing viral load even if cannot shield individual disease[8]. predictions, believed show resistance towards vaccinations primarily XB2L.5 strain. To act newer/revised required lineage main target. not protect possibility catching infection would decrease associated. strain however discussion mutation level high exists escape host's defence triggered due vaccination[9]. Inculcating preventive measures our daily life best way impact variant. hot weather acts adjunct transmission. Measures like vaccination, staying at home sick, maintaining social distancing crowded places, wearing mask public places good personal hygiene help prevention disease[10,11]. Conflict interest statement authors declare no conflict interest. Funding received extramural funding study. Authors' contributions Y SS conceptualized designed work, carried out collection, drafted article. HG performed analysis interpretation. VC critically reviewed PAC article, responsible final approval version published. Publisher's note Publisher Journal remains neutral regard jurisdictional claims published maps institutional affiliations. Edited Zhang Q, Lei Y, Pan

Language: Английский

Citations

0