Making protected areas effective for biodiversity, climate and food DOI Creative Commons
Almut Arneth, Paul Leadley, Joachim Claudet

et al.

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(14), P. 3883 - 3894

Published: March 6, 2023

The spatial extent of marine and terrestrial protected areas (PAs) was among the most intensely debated issues prior to decision about post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) Convention on Biological Diversity. Positive impacts PAs habitats, species diversity abundance are well documented. Yet, biodiversity loss continues unabated despite efforts protect 17% land 10% oceans by 2020. This casts doubt whether extending 30%, agreed target in Kunming-Montreal GBF, will indeed achieve meaningful benefits. Critically, focus area coverage obscures importance PA effectiveness overlooks concerns impact other sustainability objectives. We propose a simple means assessing visualising complex relationships between their effects conservation, nature-based climate mitigation food production. Our analysis illustrates how achieving 30% global could be beneficial for climate. It also highlights important caveats: (i) lofty objectives alone little benefit without concomitant improvements effectiveness, (ii) trade-offs with production particularly high levels likely (iii) differences systems need recognized when setting implementing targets. CBD's call significant increase accompanied clear goals reduce revert dangerous anthropogenic socio-ecological biodiversity.

Language: Английский

Environmental conflicts and defenders: A global overview DOI Creative Commons
Arnim Scheidel, Daniela Del Bene, Juan Liu

et al.

Global Environmental Change, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 63, P. 102104 - 102104

Published: June 1, 2020

Recent research and policies recognize the importance of environmental defenders for global sustainability emphasize their need protection against violence repression. However, effective support may benefit from a more systematic understanding underlying conflicts, as well better knowledge on factors that enable to mobilize successfully. We have created Environmental Justice Atlas address this gap. Here we present large-n analysis 2743 cases sheds light characteristics conflicts involved, successful mobilization strategies. find bottom-up mobilizations sustainable socially just uses environment occur worldwide across all income groups, testifying existence various forms grassroots environmentalism promising force sustainability. are frequently members vulnerable groups who employ largely non-violent protest forms. In 11% globally, they contributed halt environmentally destructive conflictive projects, defending livelihoods. Combining strategies preventive mobilization, diversification litigation can increase success rate significantly up 27%. face globally also high rates criminalization (20% cases), physical (18%), assassinations (13%), which when Indigenous people involved. Our results call targeted actions enhance conditions enabling mobilizations, specific defenders.

Language: Английский

Citations

408
Ten facts about land systems for sustainability DOI Creative Commons
Patrick Meyfroidt, Ariane de Bremond, Casey M. Ryan

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(7)

Published: Feb. 7, 2022

Land use is central to addressing sustainability issues, including biodiversity conservation, climate change, food security, poverty alleviation, and sustainable energy. In this paper, we synthesize knowledge accumulated in land system science, the integrated study of terrestrial social-ecological systems, into 10 hard truths that have strong, general, empirical support. These facts help explain challenges achieving thus also point toward solutions. The are as follows: 1) Meanings values socially constructed contested; 2) systems exhibit complex behaviors with abrupt, hard-to-predict changes; 3) irreversible changes path dependence common features systems; 4) some uses a small footprint but very large impacts; 5) drivers impacts land-use change globally interconnected spill over distant locations; 6) humanity lives on used planet where all provides benefits societies; 7) usually entails trade-offs between different benefits—"win–wins" rare; 8) tenure claims often unclear, overlapping, 9) burdens from unequally distributed; 10) users multiple, sometimes conflicting, ideas what social environmental justice entails. implications for governance, do not provide fixed answers. Instead they constitute set core principles which can guide scientists, policy makers, practitioners meeting use.

Language: Английский

Citations

289
Overcoming the coupled climate and biodiversity crises and their societal impacts DOI
Hans‐Otto Pörtner, Robert J. Scholes, Almut Arneth

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 380(6642)

Published: April 20, 2023

Earth's biodiversity and human societies face pollution, overconsumption of natural resources, urbanization, demographic shifts, social economic inequalities, habitat loss, many which are exacerbated by climate change. Here, we review links among climate, biodiversity, society develop a roadmap toward sustainability. These include limiting warming to 1.5°C effectively conserving restoring functional ecosystems on 30 50% land, freshwater, ocean "scapes." We envision mosaic interconnected protected shared spaces, including intensively used strengthen self-sustaining the capacity people nature adapt mitigate change, nature's contributions people. Fostering interlinked human, ecosystem, planetary health for livable future urgently requires bold implementation transformative policy interventions through institutions, governance, systems from local global levels.

Language: Английский

Citations

245
Global forest restoration and the importance of prioritizing local communities DOI
James T. Erbaugh, Nabin Pradhan, James L. Adams

et al.

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4(11), P. 1472 - 1476

Published: Aug. 24, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

221
The global cropland-sparing potential of high-yield farming DOI
Christian Folberth, Nikolay Khabarov, Juraj Balkovič

et al.

Nature Sustainability, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3(4), P. 281 - 289

Published: April 16, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

208
Environment of Peace: Security in a New Era of Risk DOI Open Access
Richard C Black, Joshua W. Busby, Geoffrey D. Dabelko

et al.

Published: April 29, 2022

The environmental crisis is increasing risks to security and peace worldwide, notably in countries that are already fragile. Indicators of insecurity such as the number conflicts, hungry people military expenditure rising; so indicators decline, climate change, biodiversity, pollution other areas. In combination, crises creating compound, cascading, emergent, systemic existential risks. Without profound changes approach by institutions authority, will inevitably proliferate quickly. Environment Peace surveys evolving risk landscape documents a developments indicate pathway solutions––in international law policy, peacekeeping operations among non-governmental organizations. It finds two principal avenues need be developed: (a) combining peace-building restoration, (b) effectively addressing underlying issues. also analyses potential existing emerging pro-environment measures for exacerbating security. findings demonstrate only just peaceful transitions more sustainable practices can effective––and show these rapid.

Language: Английский

Citations

196
Protected areas have a mixed impact on waterbirds, but management helps DOI
Hannah S. Wauchope, Julia P. G. Jones, Jonas Geldmann

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 605(7908), P. 103 - 107

Published: April 20, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

179
The minimum land area requiring conservation attention to safeguard biodiversity DOI
James R. Allan, Hugh P. Possingham, Scott Atkinson

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 376(6597), P. 1094 - 1101

Published: June 2, 2022

Ambitious conservation efforts are needed to stop the global biodiversity crisis. In this study, we estimate minimum land area secure important areas, ecologically intact and optimal locations for representation of species ranges ecoregions. We discover that at least 64 million square kilometers (44% terrestrial area) would require attention (ranging from protected areas land-use policies) meet goal. More than 1.8 billion people live on these lands, so responses promote autonomy, self-determination, equity, sustainable management safeguarding essential. Spatially explicit scenarios suggest 1.3 is risk being converted intensive human uses by 2030, which requires immediate attention. However, a sevenfold difference exists between amount habitat in optimistic pessimistic scenarios, highlighting an opportunity avert Appropriate targets Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework encourage identified contribute substantially biodiversity.

Language: Английский

Citations

170
Advancing Social Equity in and Through Marine Conservation DOI Creative Commons
Nathan Bennett,

Laure Katz,

Whitney Yadao-Evans

et al.

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: July 30, 2021

Substantial efforts and investments are being made to increase the scale improve effectiveness of marine conservation globally. Though it is mandated by international law central policy, less attention has been given how operationalize social equity in through pursuit conservation. In this article, we aim bring greater topic reviewing can be better integrated policy practice. Advancing requires directing to: recognition acknowledgment respect for diverse peoples perspectives; fair distribution impacts maximizing benefits minimizing burdens; procedures fostering participation decision-making good governance; management championing supporting local involvement leadership; environment ensuring efficacy actions adequacy ensure nature people; structural barriers institutional roots inequity We then discuss role various organizations advancing identify capacities these need build. urge community, including governments, non-governmental donors, commit socially equitable

Language: Английский

Citations

160
Nature-dependent people: Mapping human direct use of nature for basic needs across the tropics DOI Creative Commons
Giacomo Fedele, Camila I. Donatti,

Iván Bornacelly

et al.

Global Environmental Change, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 71, P. 102368 - 102368

Published: Oct. 4, 2021

Understanding where people depend the most on natural resources for their basic human needs is crucial planning conservation and development interventions. For some people, nature a direct source of food, clean water, energy through subsistence uses. However, high dependency makes particularly sensitive to changes in climate, land cover, tenure. Based more than 5 million household interviews conducted 85 tropical countries, we identified highly needs. Our results show that 1.2 billion or 30% population across are dependent nature. In places needs, nature-based strategies protect, restore sustainably manage ecosystems must be carefully designed promote inclusive alongside environmental benefits.

Language: Английский

Citations

132