Linking Structure and Function in Macroscale Brain Networks

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 302 - 315

Published: Feb. 25, 2020

The emergence of network neuroscience allows researchers to quantify the link between organizational features neuronal networks and spectrum cortical functions.Current models indicate that structure function are significantly correlated, but correspondence is not perfect because reflects complex multisynaptic interactions in structural networks.Function cannot be directly estimated from structure, must inferred by higher-order interactions. Statistical, communication, biophysical have been used translate brain function.Structure–function coupling regionally heterogeneous follows molecular, cytoarchitectonic, functional hierarchies. Structure–function relationships a fundamental principle many naturally occurring systems. However, research suggests there an imperfect connectivity brain. Here, we synthesize current state knowledge linking macroscale discuss different types assess this relationship. We argue do include requisite biological detail completely predict function. Structural reconstructions enriched with local molecular cellular metadata, concert more nuanced representations functions properties, hold great potential for truly multiscale understanding structure–function relationship central concept natural sciences engineering. Consider how conformation protein determines its chemical properties and, ultimately, folding into 3D promotes among amino acids, allowing chemically interact other molecules endowing it Conversely, disruption protein's results loss Tellingly, said denatured, highlighting idea changing has fundamentally altered nervous system analogously shaped arrangement neurons populations. synaptic projections forms hierarchy (see Glossary) nested increasingly polyfunctional neural circuits support perception, cognition, action. Modern imaging technology permits high-throughput reconstruction across spatiotemporal scales species (Box 1). 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Language: Английский

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20 years of the default mode network: A review and synthesis

Neuron, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 111(16), P. 2469 - 2487

Published: May 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in cognition, ageing and dementia

Brain Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3(3)

Published: June 8, 2021

Abstract Humans require a plethora of higher cognitive skills to perform executive functions, such as reasoning, planning, language and social interactions, which are regulated predominantly by the prefrontal cortex. The cortex comprises lateral, medial orbitofrontal regions. In primates, lateral is further separated into respective dorsal ventral subregions. However, all these regions have variably been implicated in several fronto-subcortical circuits. Dysfunction circuits has highlighted vascular other neurocognitive disorders. Recent advances suggest plays an important regulatory role numerous including attention, inhibitory control, habit formation working, spatial or long-term memory. appears highly interconnected with subcortical (thalamus, amygdala hippocampus) exerts top-down control over various domains stimuli. Much our knowledge comes from rodent models using precise lesions electrophysiology readouts specific locations. Although, anatomical disparities compared primate homologue apparent, current effectively neural substrate decline within ageing dementia. Human brain connectivity-based neuroimaging demonstrated that large-scale networks, default mode network, equally for cognition. there little consensus on how functional connectivity specifically changes during pathological states. context previous work rodents non-human we attempt convey understanding its measured resting-state MRI associated disorders, prodromal dementia states, Alzheimer’s disease, post-ischaemic stroke, Parkinsonism frontotemporal Previous cross-sectional studies abnormalities consistently found network across both disorders disease impairment. Distinct disease-specific patterns alterations networks appear feature whilst detrimental impairments independently structural aberrations, grey matter atrophy. These also precede may be driven ageing-related mechanisms. supports utility potential biomarker therapeutic target dementia-associated conditions. Yet, associations still validation longitudinal larger sample sizes.

Language: Английский

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Brain network communication: concepts, models and applications

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(9), P. 557 - 574

Published: July 12, 2023

Language: Английский

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The anterior thalamic nuclei: core components of a tripartite episodic memory system

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(8), P. 505 - 516

Published: April 27, 2022

Language: Английский

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Effect of short-term, high-dose probiotic supplementation on cognition, related brain functions and BDNF in patients with depression: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial

Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 48(1), P. E23 - E33

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

Background:

In major depressive disorder (MDD), cognitive dysfunctions strongly contribute to functional impairments but are barely addressed in current therapies. Novel treatment strategies addressing symptoms depression needed. As the gut microbiota–brain axis is linked and cognition, we investigated effect of a 4-week high-dose probiotic supplementation on depression.

Methods:

This randomized controlled trial included 60 patients with MDD, whom 43 entered modified intention-to-treat analysis. A supplement or indistinguishable placebo containing maltose was administered over 31 days addition as usual for Participant scores Verbal Learning Memory Test (VLMT), Corsi Block Tapping Test, both Trail Making versions well brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were assessed at 3 different time points: before, immediately after 4 weeks intervention. Additionally, brain activation changes during working memory processing before

Results:

We found significantly improved immediate recall VLMT group intervention, trend × interaction considering all points. Furthermore, hippocampus processing, revealing remediated function group. Other measures did not reveal significant changes.

Limitations:

The modest sample size resulting from our exclusion low-compliant cases should be considered.

Conclusion:

Additional enhances verbal episodic affects neural mechanisms underlying impaired cognition MDD. present findings support importance MDD emphasize potential microbiota-related regimens treat

Clinical registration:

clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02957591.

Language: Английский

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Biomarker Investigation Using Multiple Brain Measures from MRI Through Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Alzheimer’s Disease Classification

Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 82 - 82

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

As the leading cause of dementia worldwide, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has prompted significant interest in developing Deep Learning (DL) approaches for its classification. However, it currently remains unclear whether these models rely on established biological indicators. This work compares a novel DL model using structural connectivity (namely, BC-GCN-SE adapted from functional tasks) with an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans ResNet18). Unlike most studies primarily focusing performance, our places explainability at forefront. Specifically, we define Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) metric, based gradient-weighted class activation mapping. Its aim is quantitatively measuring how effectively fare against AD biomarkers their decision-making. The XAI assessment was conducted across 132 brain parcels. Results were compared to AD-relevant regions measure adherence domain knowledge. Then, differences patterns between two assessed explore insights offered by each piece data (i.e., MRI vs. connectivity). Classification performance satisfactory terms both median true positive (ResNet18: 0.817, BC-GCN-SE: 0.703) and negative rates 0.816; 0.738). Statistical tests (p < 0.05) ranking 15% relevant parcels revealed involvement target areas: medial temporal lobe ResNet18 default mode network BC-GCN-SE. Additionally, findings suggest that different modalities provide complementary information models. lays foundation bioengineering advancements more comprehensive trustworthy models, potentially enhancing applicability as diagnostic support tools neurodegenerative diseases.

Language: Английский

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The architecture of the human default mode network explored through cytoarchitecture, wiring and signal flow

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Abstract The default mode network (DMN) is implicated in many aspects of complex thought and behavior. Here, we leverage postmortem histology vivo neuroimaging to characterize the anatomy DMN better understand its role information processing cortical communication. Our results show that cytoarchitecturally heterogenous, containing cytoarchitectural types are variably specialized for unimodal, heteromodal memory-related processing. Studying diffusion-based structural connectivity combination with cytoarchitecture, found contains regions receptive input from sensory cortex a core relatively insulated environmental input. Finally, analysis signal flow effective models showed unique amongst networks balancing output across levels hierarchies. Together, our study establishes an anatomical foundation which accounts broad plays human brain function cognition can be developed.

Language: Английский

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Regional, Layer, and Cell-Type-Specific Connectivity of the Mouse Default Mode Network

Neuron, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 109(3), P. 545 - 559.e8

Published: Dec. 7, 2020

The evolutionarily conserved default mode network (DMN) is a distributed set of brain regions coactivated during resting states that vulnerable to disorders. How disease affects the DMN unknown, but detailed anatomical descriptions could provide clues. Mice offer an opportunity investigate structural connectivity across spatial scales with cell-type resolution. We co-registered maps from functional magnetic resonance imaging and axonal tracing experiments into 3D Allen mouse reference atlas. find consists preferentially interconnected cortical regions. As population, layer 2/3 (L2/3) neurons project almost exclusively other regions, whereas L5 in out DMN. In retrosplenial cortex, core region, we identify two projection types differentiated by in- or out-DMN targets, laminar position, gene expression. These results multi-scale description correlates

Language: Английский

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Mapping social reward and punishment processing in the human brain: A voxel-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging findings using the social incentive delay task

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 122, P. 1 - 17

Published: Jan. 8, 2021

Language: Английский

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