Changes in black carbon emissions over Europe due to COVID-19 lockdowns DOI Creative Commons
Nikolaos Evangeliou, Stephen M. Platt, Sabine Eckhardt

et al.

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 2675 - 2692

Published: Feb. 23, 2021

Abstract. Following the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for COVID-19 in December 2019 Wuhan (China) and its spread to rest world, World Health Organization declared a global pandemic March 2020. Without effective treatment initial phase, social distancing mandatory quarantines were introduced as only available preventative measure. In contrast detrimental societal impacts, air quality improved all countries which strict lockdowns applied, due lower pollutant emissions. Here we investigate effects Europe on ambient black carbon (BC), affects climate damages health, using situ observations from 17 European stations Bayesian inversion framework. BC emissions declined by 23 kt (20 % Italy, 40 Germany, 34 Spain, 22 France) during compared same period previous 5 years, is partially attributed measures. temporal variation enduring most drastic restrictions showed distinct lockdown impacts. Increased particle light absorption beginning lockdown, confirmed assimilated satellite remote sensing data, suggests residential combustion was dominant source. Accordingly, central Eastern Europe, experienced than average temperatures, elevated years. Nevertheless, an decrease 11 seen whole start period, with highest peaks France (42 %), Germany (21 UK (13 Spain (11 %) Italy (8 %). Such not also confirms impact BC.

Language: Английский

Global fossil carbon emissions rebound near pre-COVID-19 levels DOI Creative Commons
Robert B. Jackson, Pierre Friedlingstein, Corinne Le Quéré

et al.

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 031001 - 031001

Published: March 1, 2022

Abstract Fossil CO 2 emissions in 2021 grew an estimated 4.2% (3.5%–4.8%) to 36.2 billion metric tons compared with 2020, pushing global back close 2019 levels (36.7 Gt ).

Language: Английский

Citations

75
Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals has been slowed by indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic DOI Creative Commons

Haixia Yuan,

Xiaoming Wang, Lei Gao

et al.

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: June 8, 2023

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has undermined the ability of many countries to achieve Sustainable Developments Goals (SDGs) by 2030. Here, we systematically assess likely impacts on progress towards each SDG 2030 at global, regional and national scales. In our analysis, account for social economic shocks triggered their relative SDGs. We also analyze interconnections between indicators during indirect cascading effects find that these slowed much more than direct initial disruptions. Globally, poverty eradication (SDG 1) is most affected pandemic. Regionally, been set back in Latin America Caribbean, South Asia, Middle East North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa. suggest high upper-middle-income a focus reducing inequality 10) would be beneficial, whereas low-income lower-middle-income industry, innovation, infrastructure 9) are priority post-COVID-19 phase.

Language: Английский

Citations

62
Scientific novelty beyond the experiment DOI Creative Commons
John E. Hallsworth, Zulema Udaondo, Carlos Pedrós‐Alió

et al.

Microbial Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 1131 - 1173

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

Practical experiments drive important scientific discoveries in biology, but theory-based research studies also contribute novel-sometimes paradigm-changing-findings. Here, we appraise the roles of approaches focusing on experiment-dominated wet-biology areas microbial growth and survival, cell physiology, host-pathogen interactions, competitive or symbiotic interactions. Additional examples relate to analyses genome-sequence data, climate change planetary health, habitability, astrobiology. We assess importance thought at each step process; natural philosophy, inconsistencies logic language, as drivers progress; value experiments; use limitations artificial intelligence technologies, including their potential for interdisciplinary transdisciplinary research; other instances when theory is most-direct most-scientifically robust route novelty development techniques practical experimentation fieldwork. highlight intrinsic need human engagement innovation, an issue pertinent ongoing controversy over papers authored using/authored by (such large language model/chatbot ChatGPT). Other issues discussed are way which aspects can bias thinking towards spatial rather than temporal (and how this biased lead skewed terminology); receptivity that non-mainstream; science education epistemology. Whereas briefly classic works (those Oakes Ames, Francis H.C. Crick James D. Watson, Charles R. Darwin, Albert Einstein, E. Lovelock, Lynn Margulis, Gilbert Ryle, Erwin R.J.A. Schrödinger, Alan M. Turing, others), focus microbiology more-recent, discussing these context process types they represent. These include several carried out during 2020 2022 lockdowns COVID-19 pandemic access laboratories was disallowed (or limited). interviewed authors some featured microbiology-related and-although ourselves involved laboratory fieldwork-also drew from our own experiences showing such not only produce new findings transcend barriers between disciplines, act counter reductionism, integrate biological data across different timescales levels complexity, circumvent constraints imposed techniques. In relation urgent needs, believe global challenges may require beyond experiment.

Language: Английский

Citations

60
Demand, Services and Social Aspects of Mitigation DOI Open Access
Felix Creutzig, Joyashree Roy, Patrick Devine‐Wright

et al.

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 503 - 612

Published: July 21, 2023

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to content, full PDF via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Language: Английский

Citations

59
Iterative integration of deep learning in hybrid Earth surface system modelling DOI
Min Chen, Zhen Qian, Niklas Boers

et al.

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(8), P. 568 - 581

Published: July 11, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

57
Impact analysis of COVID-19 responses on energy grid dynamics in Europe DOI Open Access
Annette Werth, Pietro Gravino, Giulio Prevedello

et al.

Applied Energy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 281, P. 116045 - 116045

Published: Oct. 22, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

136
Air Quality During COVID-19 Lockdown in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta: Two Different Responsive Mechanisms to Emission Reductions in China DOI Open Access
Nan Wang, Jiawei Xu,

Chenglei Pei

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 55(9), P. 5721 - 5730

Published: April 2, 2021

Despite the large reduction in anthropogenic activities due to outbreak of COVID-19, air quality China has witnessed little improvement and featured great regional disparities. Here, by combining observational data simulations, this work aims understand diverse response two city clusters, Yangtze River Delta region (YRD) Pearl (PRD), China. Though there was a noticeable drop primary pollutants both regions, differently, maximum daily 8 h average ozone (O3) soared 20.6-76.8% YRD but decreased 15.5-28.1% PRD. In YRD, nitrogen oxide (NOx) reductions enhanced O3 accumulation hence increased secondary aerosol formation. Such an increment organic inorganic aerosols under stationary weather reached up 36.4 10.2%, respectively, which further intensified transport. PRD quite opposite. The emission benefited quality, while transport corresponded increase 17.3 9.3% aerosols, respectively. Apart from meteorology, discrepancy O3-VOCs-NOx relationships determined different responses, indicating that future control shall be regionally specific, instead one-size-fits-all cut. Overall, importance coordinated balanced strategy for multiple is highly emphasized.

Language: Английский

Citations

104
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality and neighborhood characteristics in Chicago DOI Open Access
Molly Scannell Bryan, Jiehuan Sun, Jyotsna S. Jagai

et al.

Annals of Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 56, P. 47 - 54.e5

Published: Nov. 9, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

97
COVID and working from home: Long-term impacts and psycho-social determinants DOI Creative Commons
Taru Jain, Graham Currie, Laura Aston

et al.

Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 156, P. 52 - 68

Published: Dec. 22, 2021

COVID related lockdowns have forced many workers around the world into work from home (WFH) arrangements. While proportion of people who has typically been very low (4.5% in Melbourne 2016), it is worth considering how trends might change once emerges out lockdowns. This paper aims to examine (1) long-term impacts on WFH and (2) psycho-social factors which will impact workers' intention increase post-COVID. The uses Theory Planned Behaviour as a lens these determinants. study survey responses 1,364 were collected June-August 2020 part larger (n = 2,158), aimed capture representative population Greater Melbourne. Quasi-longitudinal investigation self-reported frequency revealed that share average weekday employment increased 310% during lockdown. In longer term, when no an issue, can be expected 75% higher than pre-COVID levels. Structural Equation Modelling was applied understand motivators for barriers increasing Perceived Behavioural Control (e.g. job type, technology, access materials) Subjective Norms employer family support) crucial determinants Attitudes regarding only weak future home, finding contrasts with previous research.

Language: Английский

Citations

90
COVID-19 pandemic reveals persistent disparities in nitrogen dioxide pollution DOI Creative Commons
Gaige Hunter Kerr, Daniel L. Goldberg, Susan C. Anenberg

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(30)

Published: July 19, 2021

Significance We leverage the unparalleled changes in human activity during COVID-19 and unmatched capabilities of TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument to understand how lockdowns impact ambient nitrogen dioxide ( N mathvariant="normal">O 2 ) pollution disparities United States. The least White communities experienced largest reductions lockdowns; however, between most are so large that still faced higher levels than prior lockdowns, despite a ∼ 50% reduction passenger vehicle traffic. Similar findings hold for ethnic, income, educational attainment population subgroups. Future strategies reduce will need target emissions from heavy-duty vehicles.

Language: Английский

Citations

89