Acute and Chronic Effects of Cannabinoids on Human Cognition—A Systematic Review

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 79(7), P. 557 - 567

Published: Dec. 12, 2015

Language: Английский

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Cannabidiol Adverse Effects and Toxicity

Current Neuropharmacology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(10), P. 974 - 989

Published: June 3, 2019

Currently, there is a great interest in the potential medical use of cannabidiol (CBD), non-intoxicating cannabinoid. Productive pharmacological research on CBD occurred 1970s and intensified recently with many discoveries about endocannabinoid system. Multiple preclinical clinical studies led to FDA-approval Epidiolex®, purified medicine formulated for oral administration treatment infantile refractory epileptic syndromes, by US Food Drug Administration 2018. The World Health Organization considers rescheduling cannabis cannabinoids. around world expanding diseases that lack scientific evidence drug's efficacy. Preclinical also report adverse effects (AEs) toxicity following intake.Relevant reporting CBD's AEs or were identified from PubMed, Cochrane Central, EMBASE through January 2019. Studies defining beneficial included provide balance estimating risk/benefit.CBD not risk-free. In animals, developmental toxicity, embryo-fetal mortality, central nervous system inhibition neurotoxicity, hepatocellular injuries, spermatogenesis reduction, organ weight alterations, male reproductive hypotension, although at doses higher than recommended human pharmacotherapies. Human epilepsy psychiatric disorders reported CBD-induced drug-drug interactions, hepatic abnormalities, diarrhea, fatigue, vomiting, somnolence.CBD has proven therapeutic efficacy serious conditions such as Dravet Lennox-Gastaut syndromes likely be off label physicians other conditions. However, interactions must taken into consideration clinicians prior recommending off-label CBD.

Language: Английский

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Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines: A Comprehensive Update of Evidence and Recommendations

American Journal of Public Health, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 107(8), P. e1 - e12

Published: June 23, 2017

Cannabis use is common in North America, especially among young people, and associated with a risk of various acute chronic adverse health outcomes. control regimes are evolving, for example toward national legalization policy Canada, the aim to improve public health, thus require evidence-based interventions. As cannabis-related outcomes may be influenced by behaviors that modifiable user, Lower-Risk Use Guidelines (LRCUG)-akin similar guidelines other fields-offer valuable, targeted prevention tool outcomes.To systematically review, update, quality-grade evidence on behavioral factors determining from cannabis translate this into revised LRCUG as intervention based an expert consensus process.We used pertinent medical search terms structured strategies, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library databases, reference lists primarily systematic reviews meta-analyses, additional use.We included studies if they focused potentially behavior-based risks or harms use, excluded was assessed therapeutic purposes.We screened titles abstracts all identified strategy full texts eligible inclusion; 2 authors independently extracted data review. We created Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses flow-charts each topical searches. Subsequently, we summarized factor topic, quality-graded it following standard (Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development, Evaluation; GRADE) criteria, translated recommendations author collective basis iterative process.For most recommendations, there at least "substantial" (i.e., good-quality) evidence. developed 10 major lower-risk use: (1) effective way avoid use-related abstinence, (2) early age initiation definitively before 16 years), (3) choose low-potency tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) balanced THC-to-cannabidiol (CBD)-ratio products, (4) abstain using synthetic cannabinoids, (5) combusted inhalation give preference nonsmoking methods, (6) deep risky practices, (7) high-frequency (e.g., daily near-daily) (8) cannabis-impaired driving, (9) populations higher problems should altogether, (10) combining previously mentioned use).Evidence indicates substantial extent reduced informed choices users. The serve population-level education inform such user improved However, ought communicated supported key regulation measures product labeling, content regulation) effective. All these concretely possible under emerging regimes, actively implemented regulatory authorities. impact reducing evaluated. Public implications. including uncertain impacts health. Evidence-based offer valuable reduce (especially young) users contexts, hence contribute

Language: Английский

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Keep off the grass? Cannabis, cognition and addiction

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 293 - 306

Published: April 7, 2016

Language: Английский

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Traditional marijuana, high‐potency cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids: increasing risk for psychosis

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 195 - 204

Published: Sept. 22, 2016

Epidemiological evidence demonstrates that cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of psychotic outcomes, and confirms a dose-response relationship between the level later psychosis. High-potency synthetic cannabinoids carry greatest risk. Experimental administration tetrahydrocannabinol, active ingredient cannabis, induces transient psychosis in normal subjects, but this effect can be ameliorated by co-administration cannabidiol. This latter constituent traditional hashish, largely absent from modern high-potency forms cannabis. Argument continues over extent to which genetic predisposition correlated to, or interacts with, use, what proportion could prevented minimizing heavy use. As yet, there not convincing increases other psychiatric disorders, are no such doubts concerning its detrimental on cognitive function. All negative aspects magnified if starts early adolescence. Irrespective whether decriminalized legalized, it component cause now sufficient for public health messages outlining risk, especially regular cannabinoids.

Language: Английский

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The neuropsychopharmacology of cannabis: A review of human imaging studies

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 195, P. 132 - 161

Published: Oct. 20, 2018

The laws governing cannabis are evolving worldwide and associated with changing patterns of use. main psychoactive drug in is Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a partial agonist at the endocannabinoid CB1 receptor. Acutely, THC produce range effects on several neurocognitive pharmacological systems. These include executive, emotional, reward memory processing via direct interactions system indirect glutamatergic, GABAergic dopaminergic Cannabidiol, non-intoxicating cannabinoid found some forms cannabis, may offset these acute effects. Heavy repeated use, particularly during adolescence, has been adverse systems, which increase risk mental illnesses including addiction psychosis. Here, we provide comprehensive state art review chronic neuropsychopharmacology by synthesizing available neuroimaging research humans. We describe exposure development, implications for understanding psychosis use disorder, methodological considerations. Greater precise mechanisms underlying also give rise to new treatment targets.

Language: Английский

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‘Standard THC units’: a proposal to standardize dose across all cannabis products and methods of administration

Addiction, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 115(7), P. 1207 - 1216

Published: Oct. 12, 2019

Abstract Background and Aims Cannabis products are becoming increasingly diverse, vary considerably in concentrations of ∆ 9 ‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabidiol (CBD). Higher doses THC can increase the risk harm from cannabis, while CBD may partially offset some these effects. Lower Risk Use Guidelines currently lack recommendations based on quantity use, could be improved by implementing standard units. However, there is no consensus how units should measured or standardized among different cannabis methods administration. Argument Existing proposals for have been specific administration (e.g. joints) not capture other methods, including pipes, bongs, blunts, dabbing, vaporizers, vape pens, edibles liquids. Other grams cannabis) cannot account heterogeneity products. Similar to alcohol units, we argue that reflect primary active pharmacological constituents (dose THC). On basis experimental ecological data, public health considerations existing policy, propose a ‘standard unit’ fixed at 5 mg all If supported sufficient evidence future, consumption might offer an additional strategy reduction. Conclusions Standard potentially applied guide consumers promote safer patterns use.

Language: Английский

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A randomised controlled trial of vaporised Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol alone and in combination in frequent and infrequent cannabis users: acute intoxication effects

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 269(1), P. 17 - 35

Published: Jan. 19, 2019

Language: Английский

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Cannabidiol (CBD) use in psychiatric disorders: A systematic review

NeuroToxicology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 74, P. 282 - 298

Published: Aug. 11, 2019

Language: Английский

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Can we make cannabis safer?

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 4(8), P. 643 - 648

Published: March 2, 2017

Language: Английский

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