Influences of Chemical Properties, Soil Properties, and Solution pH on Soil–Water Partitioning Coefficients of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 54(24), P. 15883 - 15892

Published: Nov. 28, 2020

The aim of this study was to assess the soil-water partitioning behavior a wider range per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) onto soils covering diverse soil properties. PFASs studied include perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs), fluorotelomer (FTSs), nonionic sulfonamides (FASAs), cyclic PFAS (PFEtCHxS), ether acids (GenX, ADONA, 9Cl-PF3ONS), three aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)-related zwitterionic (AmPr-FHxSA, TAmPr-FHxSA, 6:2 FTSA-PrB). Soil-water coefficients (log Kd values) ranged from less than zero approximately three, were chain-length-dependent, significantly linearly related molecular weight (MW) for with MW > 350 g/mol (R2 = 0.94, p < 0.0001). Across all soils, values short-chain (≤5 -CF2- moieties) similar varied (<0.5 log units) compared long-chain (>0.5 1.5 zwitterions AmPr- TAmPr-FHxSA (∼1.5 2 units). Multiple properties described sorption better any single property. effects on different anionic, nonionic, PFASs. Solution pH could change both speciation chemistry affecting surface complexation electrostatic processes. increased when solution decreased eight three. Short-chain sensitive results indicate complex interactions surfaces need consider type describe mobility in environment.

Language: Английский

---

Spatial Trends of Anionic, Zwitterionic, and Cationic PFASs at an AFFF-Impacted Site

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 55(1), P. 313 - 323

Published: Dec. 22, 2020

Soil and groundwater from an aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)-impacted site were sampled at high resolution (n = 105 for soil, n 58 groundwater) analyzed extensive list of anionic, zwitterionic, cationic poly- perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Spatial trends acids many precursors enabled a better understanding PFAS composition, transport, transformation. All PFASs without analytical standards semi-quantified. Summed individual concentrations often higher depth than near the surface in soil groundwater. Zwitterionic compounds composed majority total mass (up to 97%) firefighter training area (FTA) soil. Composition class, chain length, structural isomers changed with distance FTA, suggesting situ transformation differential transport. The percentage branched perfluorooctane sulfonate increased depth, consistent isomeric However, linear perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was enriched, fluorotelomer precursor PFOA. Perfluorohexane sulfonamide, potential product sulfonamide-based PFASs, present (maximum 448 ng/g 3.4 mg/L groundwater). Precursor may create long-term sources acids, although pathways remain unknown; analysis is critical fate transport understanding.

Language: Английский

---

Emerging organic contaminants in global community drinking water sources and supply: A review of occurrence, processes and remediation

Journal of environmental chemical engineering, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 107560 - 107560

Published: March 16, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Communicating Confidence of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Identification via High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 473 - 481

Published: May 26, 2022

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are important environmental contaminants, yet relatively few analytical reference standards exist for this class. Nontarget analyses performed by means of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) increasingly common the discovery identification PFASs in biological samples. The certainty PFAS identifications made via HRMS must be communicated through a reliable harmonized approach. Here, we present confidence scale along with criteria specific to suspect or nontarget analysis HRMS. Confidence levels range from level 1a─"Confirmed Reference Standard," 1b─"Indistinguishable 5─"Exact Masses Interest," which identified screening data filtering, two forms feature prioritization. This is consistent general communicating small organic molecules (e.g., match standards, library MS/MS, and/or retention times) but incorporates conventions tools used classification detection homologous series ranges defects). Our clarifies and, doing so, facilitates more efficient identification.

Language: Английский

---

Updated review on emerging technologies for PFAS contaminated water treatment

Process Safety and Environmental Protection, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 182, P. 667 - 700

Published: April 12, 2022

Language: Английский

---

A juxtaposed review on adsorptive removal of PFAS by metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with carbon-based materials, ion exchange resins, and polymer adsorbents

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 311, P. 136933 - 136933

Published: Oct. 21, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Total Oxidizable Precursor (TOP) Assay─Best Practices, Capabilities and Limitations for PFAS Site Investigation and Remediation

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 292 - 301

Published: March 9, 2023

The comprehensive characterization of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is necessary for the effective assessment management risk at contaminated sites. While current analytical methods are capable quantitatively measuring a number specific PFASs, they do not provide complete picture thousands PFASs that utilized in commercial products potentially released into environment. These unmeasured include many PFAS precursors, which may be converted related chemicals through oxidation. total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay offers means bridging this gap by oxidizing unknown precursors intermediates converting them stable with established standards. application TOP to samples from PFAS-contaminated sites has generated several new insights, but it also presented various technical challenges laboratories. Despite increased literature studies assay, there critical growing method beyond researchers academia. This article outlines benefits using aqueous site assessments suggests ways address some its limitations.

Language: Английский

---

Coexisting ions and long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) inhibit the adsorption of short-chain PFAS by granular activated carbon

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 460, P. 132378 - 132378

Published: Aug. 23, 2023

Language: Английский

---

A critical science mapping approach on removal mechanism and pathways of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water and wastewater: A comprehensive review

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 492, P. 152272 - 152272

Published: May 16, 2024

Language: Английский

---

β-Cyclodextrin Polymers with Different Cross-Linkers and Ion-Exchange Resins Exhibit Variable Adsorption of Anionic, Zwitterionic, and Nonionic PFASs

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 54(19), P. 12693 - 12702

Published: Sept. 14, 2020

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) occur in groundwater as mixtures of anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, nonionic species, although few remediation technologies have been evaluated to assess the removal different types PFASs. In this study, we performance three β-cyclodextrin polymers (CDPs), an anion-exchange (AE) resin, a cation-exchange (CE) resin for PFASs from water. We found that CDP with negative surface charge rapidly removes all zwitterionic log KD values ranging between 2.4 3.1, CE two 1.8 1.9. The CDPs positive remove anionic 2.7 4.1, AE relatively slowly 2.0 2.3. All adsorbents exhibited variable some adsorption inhibition at higher pH presence matrix constituents. Our findings provide insight into how can be combined remediate contaminated complex

Language: Английский

---