Recent trends in biocatalysis

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 50(14), P. 8003 - 8049

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Technological developments enable the discovery of novel enzymes, advancement enzyme cascade designs and pathway engineering, moving biocatalysis into an era technology integration, intelligent manufacturing enzymatic total synthesis.

Language: Английский

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Diversity in Chemical Structures and Biological Properties of Plant Alkaloids

Molecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 26(11), P. 3374 - 3374

Published: June 3, 2021

Phytochemicals belonging to the group of alkaloids are signature specialized metabolites endowed with countless biological activities. Plants armored these naturally produced nitrogenous compounds combat numerous challenging environmental stress conditions. Traditional and modern healthcare systems have harnessed potential organic for treatment many ailments. Various chemical entities (functional groups) attached central moiety responsible their diverse range properties. The development characterization plant enzymes involved in biosynthesis is an utmost priority deliver enhanced advantages terms properties productivity. Further, incorporation whole/partial metabolic pathways heterologous system and/or overexpression biosynthetic steps homologous both become alternative lucrative methods over synthesis recent times. Moreover, in-depth research on alkaloid has revealed modifications that occur during alkaloidal conversions. These reactions involve glycosylation, acylation, reduction, oxidation, methylation steps, they usually conferring activities possessed by alkaloids. In this review, we aim discuss brief classification covering major categories. We also emphasize diversity basic structures arising through enzymatically catalyzed structural certain species, as well emerging role defense mechanisms action briefly discussed. commercial utilization marketplace displaying various applications been enumerated.

Language: Английский

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Biocatalysis making waves in organic chemistry

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 51(2), P. 594 - 627

Published: Dec. 20, 2021

The many waves of biocatalysis have arisen to solve long-standing synthetic challenges. From industrially applied hydrolases enzymes catalysing selective C–C-bond formation, enables new tools access a plethora compounds.

Language: Английский

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Phytotoxicity of microplastics to the floating plant Spirodela polyrhiza (L.): Plant functional traits and metabolomics

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 322, P. 121199 - 121199

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

Language: Английский

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Environmental and Genetic Factors Involved in Plant Protection-Associated Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis Pathways

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 8, 2022

Plant specialized metabolites (PSMs) play essential roles in the adaptation to harsh environments and function plant defense responses. PSMs act as key components of defense-related signaling pathways trigger extensive expression genes. In addition, serve antioxidants, participating scavenging rapidly rising reactive oxygen species, chelators, chelation toxins under stress conditions. include nitrogen-containing chemical compounds, terpenoids/isoprenoids, phenolics. Each category secondary has a specific biosynthetic pathway, including precursors, intermediates, end products. The basic representative are summarized, providing potential target enzymes stress-mediated regulation Multiple metabolic share same origin, common frequently be targets regulation. Most controlled by different environmental genetic factors. Here, we summarized effects factors, abiotic biotic stresses, on PSM biosynthesis various plants. We also discuss positive negative transcription factors involved pathways. genes stress-related were summarized. further found that downstream these Transcription (TFs) enriched synthesis pathway suggesting an effective role precursors enhancing terminal present review provides valuable insights regarding screening regulators PSM-mediated protection non-model

Language: Английский

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A metabolic regulon reveals early and late acting enzymes in neuroactive Lycopodium alkaloid biosynthesis

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(24)

Published: June 10, 2021

Plants synthesize many diverse small molecules that affect function of the mammalian central nervous system, making them crucial sources therapeutics for neurological disorders. A notable portion neuroactive phytochemicals are lysine-derived alkaloids, but mechanisms by which plants produce these compounds have remained largely unexplored. To better understand how metabolites, we focused on biosynthesis Lycopodium alkaloids produced club mosses, a clade used traditionally as herbal medicines. Hundreds been described, including huperzine (HupA), an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor has generated interest treatment symptoms Alzheimer's disease. Through combined metabolomic profiling and transcriptomics, identified developmentally controlled set biosynthetic genes, or potential regulon, alkaloids. The discovery this putative regulon facilitated reconstitution functional characterization six enzymes act in initiation conclusion HupA biosynthesis. This includes type III polyketide synthase catalyzes imine-polyketide condensation, well three Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2OGD) catalyze transformations (pyridone ring-forming desaturation, piperidine ring cleavage, redox-neutral isomerization) within downstream Our results expand diversity known chemical catalyzed 2OGDs provide mechanistic insight into noncanonical PKS generate plant alkaloid scaffolds. These data offer logic Lys-derived demonstrate tightly coordinated coexpression secondary metabolic genes medicinal

Language: Английский

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Plant biosynthetic gene clusters in the context of metabolic evolution

Natural Product Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 39(7), P. 1465 - 1482

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Covering: up to 2022Plants produce a wide range of structurally and biosynthetically diverse natural products interact with their environment. These specialised metabolites typically evolve in limited taxonomic groups presumably response specific selective pressures. With the increasing availability sequencing data, it has become apparent that many cases genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes for metabolic pathways are not randomly distributed on genome. Instead they physically linked structures such as arrays, pairs clusters. The exact function these clusters is debated. In this review we take broad view gene arrangement plant metabolism, examining types variation. We discuss evolution wider context populations epigenetics. Finally, synthesise our observations propose new hypothesis cluster formation plants.

Language: Английский

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Potential Therapeutic Applications of Plant-Derived Alkaloids against Inflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022, P. 1 - 18

Published: March 9, 2022

Alkaloids are a type of natural compound possessing different pharmacological activities. Natural products, including alkaloids, which originate from plants, have emerged as potential protective agents against neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) and chronic inflammations. A wide array prescription drugs used these conditions, however, not free limitations potency, side effects, intolerability. In the context personalized medicine, further research on alkaloids to unravel novel therapeutic approaches in reducing complications is critical. this review, systematic survey was executed collect literature their health complications, we found that majority exhibit anti-inflammatory action via nuclear factor-κB cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), neuroprotective interaction through acetylcholinesterase (AChE), COX, β-site amyloid precursor protein activity. silico ADMET ProTox-II-related descriptors were calculated predict properties 280 isolated traditional medicinal plants towards drug development. Out which, eight such tetrahydropalmatine, berberine, tetrandrine, aloperine, sinomenine, oxymatrine, harmine, galantamine be optimal within categorical range when compared nicotine. These could exploited starting materials for synthesis or, lesser extent, manage inflammation neurodegenerative-related complications.

Language: Английский

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Natural products of medicinal plants: biosynthesis and bioengineering in post-genomic era

Horticulture Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Globally, medicinal plant natural products (PNPs) are a major source of substances used in traditional and modern medicine. As we human race face the tremendous public health challenge posed by emerging infectious diseases, antibiotic resistance surging drug prices etc., harnessing healing power plants gifted from mother nature is more urgent than ever helping us survive future sustainable way. PNP research efforts pre-genomic era focus on discovering bioactive molecules with pharmaceutical activities, identifying individual genes responsible for biosynthesis. Critically, systemic biological, multi- inter-disciplinary approaches integrating interrogating all accessible data genomics, metabolomics, structural biology, chemical informatics necessary to accelerate full characterization biosynthetic regulatory circuitry producing PNPs plants. In this review, attempt provide brief update current focusing how different state-of-the-art biotechnologies facilitate their discovery, molecular basis biosynthesis, as well synthetic biology. Finally, humbly foresight trend understanding biology coming decades.

Language: Английский

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Application of metabolic engineering to enhance the content of alkaloids in medicinal plants

Metabolic Engineering Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14, P. e00194 - e00194

Published: Feb. 16, 2022

Plants are a rich source of bioactive compounds, many which have been exploited for cosmetic, nutritional, and medicinal purposes. Through the characterization metabolic pathways, as well mechanisms responsible accumulation secondary metabolites, researchers able to increase production compounds in different plant species research commercial applications. The intent current review is describe engineering methods that used transform vitro or field-grown plants over last decade identify most effective approaches alkaloids. articles summarized were categorized into six groups: endogenous enzyme overexpression, foreign transcription factor gene silencing, genome editing, co-overexpression. We conclude that, because complex multi-step nature biosynthetic approach has commonly biosynthesis alkaloids, terms fold increase, co-overexpression two more rate-limiting enzymes followed by manipulation regulatory genes.

Language: Английский

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