Advances in bioinformatics and multi-omics integration: transforming viral infectious disease research in veterinary medicine

Virology Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

The world is changing due to factors like bioterrorism, massive environmental changes, globalization of trade and commerce, growing urbanization, climate, pollution. Numerous diseases have emerged because these factors, especially in companion food-producing animals. pathogens established themselves naïve populations, harming reproduction, productivity, health. Bioinformatics considered a valuable tool infectious disease research, as it provides comprehensive overview the identification pathogens, their genetic makeup, evolutionary relationship. Therefore, there an urgent need for novel bioinformatics approach help decipher model viral epidemiology informatics on domestic animals livestock. With significant advancements NGS, researchers can now identify contigs, which are contiguous sequences DNA that assembled from overlapping fragments, assemble complete genome, perform phylogenetic analysis diagnose, investigate risk animals, handle share large biological datasets across various species. Additionally, multi-omics data integration further deepens our understanding homology, divergence, mutations, relationships, providing perspective molecular mechanisms driving animal infections. This review aims reveal importance utilizing multidisciplinary areas bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, metagenomics roles studying veterinary medicine will eventually improve health

Language: Английский

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Galleria mellonella–intracellular bacteria pathogen infection models: the ins and outs

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 47(2)

Published: March 1, 2023

Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) larvae are used widely as surrogate infectious disease models, due to ease of use and the presence an innate immune system functionally similar that vertebrates. Here, we review G. mellonella-human intracellular bacteria pathogen infection models from genera Burkholderia, Coxiella, Francisella, Listeria, Mycobacterium. For all genera, has increased understanding host-bacterial interactive biology, particularly through studies comparing virulence closely related species and/or wild-type versus mutant pairs. In many cases, in mirrors found mammalian although it is unclear whether pathogenic mechanisms same. The speeded up vivo efficacy toxicity testing novel antimicrobials treat infections caused by bacteria: area will expand since FDA no longer requires animal for licensure. Further mellonella-intracellular be driven advances genetics, imaging, metabolomics, proteomics, transcriptomic methodologies, alongside development accessibility reagents quantify markers, which underpinned a fully annotated genome.

Language: Английский

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Challenges in the Metabolomics-Based Biomarker Validation Pipeline

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 200 - 200

Published: April 3, 2024

As end-products of the intersection between genome and environmental influences, metabolites represent a promising approach to discovery novel biomarkers for diseases. However, many potential biomarker candidates identified by metabolomics studies fail progress beyond analytical validation routine implementation in clinics. Awareness challenges present can facilitate development advancement innovative strategies that allow improved more efficient applications metabolite-based markers clinical settings. This minireview provides comprehensive summary pre-analytical factors, required studies, kit must be resolved before successful translation metabolite originating from research. We discuss necessity strict protocols sample collection, storage, regulatory requirements fulfilled bioanalytical method considered as analytically validated. focus especially on blood biological matrix liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry platform validation. Furthermore, we examine developing commercially viable distribution. To bridge gap research lab utility relevant metabolites, understanding translational panel is crucial metabolomics-based precision medicine.

Language: Английский

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Biomarker discovery for tuberculosis using metabolomics

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Feb. 20, 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death among infectious diseases, and ratio cases in which its pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) drug resistant has been increasing worldwide, whereas latent infection (LTBI) may develop into active TB. Thus it important to understand mechanism resistance, find new drugs, biomarkers for TB diagnosis. The rapid progress metabolomics enabled quantitative metabolite profiling both host pathogen. In this context, we provide recent application toward biomarker discovery tuberculosis. particular, first focus on based blood or other body fluids diagnosing TB, identifying LTBI predicting risk developing as well monitoring effectiveness anti-TB drugs. Then discuss pathogen-based research While there have many reports potential candidate biomarkers, validations clinical testing improved bioinformatics analysis are needed further substantiate select key before they can be made clinically applicable.

Language: Английский

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Establishment of a consensus protocol to explore the brain pathobiome in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(11), P. 5209 - 5231

Published: June 7, 2023

Abstract Microbial infections of the brain can lead to dementia, and for many decades microbial have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. However, a causal role infection AD remains contentious, lack standardized detection methodologies has led inconsistent detection/identification microbes brains. There is need consensus methodology; Pathobiome Initiative aims perform comparative molecular analyses post mortem brains versus cerebrospinal fluid, blood, olfactory neuroepithelium, oral/nasopharyngeal tissue, bronchoalveolar, urinary, gut/stool samples. Diverse extraction methodologies, polymerase chain reaction sequencing techniques, bioinformatic tools will be evaluated, addition direct culture metabolomic techniques. The goal provide roadmap detecting infectious agents patients with mild cognitive impairment or AD. Positive findings would then prompt tailoring antimicrobial treatments that might attenuate remit mounting clinical deficits subset patients.

Language: Английский

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The integration of omics: A promising approach to personalized tuberculosis treatment

Medicine in Omics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12, P. 100033 - 100033

Published: Jan. 13, 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a global health problem due its high morbidity and death rates. Standardized regimens have been used in traditional TB treatment methods, frequently leading less-than-ideal results the establishment of drug-resistant strains. The development personalized medicine provides potentially effective remedy individual patients' by adjusting therapeutic approaches particular genotypic phenotypic traits. Detecting strains, drug resistance indicators, host genetic variants that affect is made possible genomic molecular diagnostic approaches. These developments offer helpful information for predicting therapy outcomes choosing best plan each individual. Integrating data, such as clinical characteristics, immunological state, comorbidities, improves decision-making accuracy. use targeted therapies, innovative anti-TB medicines repurposed medications, which potential overcome boost effectiveness, can guided therapy. Personalized interventions based on factors improve patient identifying those at risk failure or disease progression. This article discusses importance patients. It specifically highlights benefits using "omics" data enhance decrease resistance.

Language: Английский

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Tuberculous Granuloma: Emerging Insights From Proteomics and Metabolomics

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 21, 2022

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, which claims hundreds of thousands lives each year, is typically characterized by the formation tuberculous granulomas — histopathological hallmark (TB). Our knowledge granulomas, comprise a biologically diverse body pro- and anti-inflammatory cells from host immune responses, based mainly upon examination lungs, in both human animal studies, but little on their counterparts other organs TB patient such as brain. The biological heterogeneity has led to diverse, relatively uncoordinated, categorization, summarized here. However, there pressing need elucidate more fully phenotype infected patients. Newly emerging studies at protein (proteomics) metabolite (metabolomics) levels have potential achieve this. In this review we summarize nature literature, amplify these accounts reporting few, proteomics metabolomics granulomas. Metabolites (for example, trimethylamine-oxide) proteins (such peptide PKAp) associated with localizations, help us understand resultant phenotype. Nevertheless, multidisciplinary ‘omics especially subjects, are required contribute toward ushering new era understanding – site systemic level.

Language: Английский

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Metabolomics of infectious diseases in the era of personalized medicine

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: May 18, 2023

Infectious diseases continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diseases perturbation the host's immune system provoking response that involves genes, proteins metabolites. While genes are regulated by epigenetic or other host factors, can undergo post-translational modification enable/modify function. As result, it is difficult correlate disease phenotype based solely on genetic proteomic information only. Metabolites, however, provide direct biochemical activity during diseased state. Therefore, metabolites may, potentially, represent phenotypic signature Measuring assessing in large scale falls under omics technology known as "metabolomics". Comprehensive and/or specific metabolic profiling biological fluids used biomarkers diagnosis. In addition, metabolomics together with genomics differentiate patients differential treatment development targeted therapy instead pathogen where pathogens more prone mutation lead antimicrobial resistance. Thus, for patient stratification, personalized drug formulation control management. Currently, several therapeutics vitro diagnostics kits have been approved US Food Drug Administration (FDA) diagnosis infectious diseases. However, actual number required tailored limited medicine require involvement personnel from multidisciplinary fields ranging technological development, bioscience, bioinformatics, biostatistics, clinicians, biotechnology companies. Given significance metabolomics, this review, we discussed different aspects particularly potentials diagnostic use small molecules diseases, their scopes challenges medicine.

Language: Английский

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Uncovering the Holocene roots of contemporary disease-scapes: bringing archaeology into One Health

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 290(2012)

Published: Dec. 6, 2023

The accelerating pace of emerging zoonotic diseases in the twenty-first century has motivated cross-disciplinary collaboration on One Health approaches, combining microbiology, veterinary and environmental sciences, epidemiology for outbreak prevention mitigation. Such outbreaks are often caused by spillovers attributed to human activities that encroach wildlife habitats ecosystems, such as land use change, industrialized food production, urbanization animal trade. While origin anthropogenic effects ecology biogeography can be traced Late Pleistocene, archaeological record—a long-term archive human–animal–environmental interactions—has largely been untapped these thus limiting our understanding dynamics over time. In this review, we examine how humans, niche constructors, have facilitated new host species ‘disease-scapes’ from Pleistocene Anthropocene, viewing zooarchaeological, bioarchaeological palaeoecological data with a perspective. We also highlight biomolecular tools advances ‘-omics’ holistically coupled reconstructions service studying disease emergence re-emergence.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic alterations in urine among the patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome

Virology Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Abstract Background The pathogenesis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) remained unclear. We aimed to profile the metabolic alterations in urine SFTS patients and provide new evidence for its pathogenesis. Methods A case–control study was conducted 154th hospital China. Totally 88 cases 22 controls aged ≥ 18 years were enrolled. selected from laboratory-confirmed patients. among SFTSV-negative population. Those diabetes, cancer, hepatitis other sexually transmitted diseases excluded both groups. Fatal survival 1:1 matched. Inter-group differential metabolites pathways obtained, inter-group discrimination ability evaluated. Results Tryptophan metabolism phenylalanine top one important pathway differentiating control case groups, fatal respectively. significant increase tryptophan metabolism, including 5-hydroxyindoleacetate (5-HIAA), L-kynurenine (KYN), 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HTP), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA), phenylpyruvic decrease hippuric indicated potential SFTSV infection. 5-HIAA, KYN, 5-HTP, involved progress Conclusions might be These findings provided treatment SFTS.

Language: Английский

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