ACS Catalysis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 4865 - 4926
Published: March 18, 2024
Rapid industrialization and development have led to a tremendous increase in the use of various types plastic commodities daily life. For past several years, pollution has become global issue, posing serious threat mankind. The primary issue with increasing is lack proper management which created huge havoc environment. From initial phase waste management, been discarded, recycled, downcycled, or dumped into landfills large proportion, causing extreme damage ecosystem. Conventionally, treated via thermal processes such as pyrolysis incineration plants require amount capital and, therefore, harms aim circular economy. Chemical upcycling gaining attention high-potential catalytic strategy convert plastics, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polystyrene, etc. fuels, functionalized polymers, other value-added chemicals having direct impact on affordability viability. In this review, we focused photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis effective efficient technologies. These approaches can lower dependence nonrenewable resources are more environmentally friendly contrast conventional approaches. This review elaborately discusses pros cons provides detailed overview potential renewable energy-driven for conversion wastes valuable fuels commodity chemicals, along challenges future directions emerging approach treatment.
Language: Английский
Citations
48Light-driven polymer recycling to monomers and small molecules
Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)
Published: March 20, 2024
Abstract Only a small proportion of global plastic waste is recycled, which most mechanically recycled into lower quality materials. The alternative, chemical recycling, enables renewed production pristine materials, but generally comes at high energy cost, particularly for processes like pyrolysis. This review focuses on light-driven approaches chemically recycling and upcycling waste, with emphasis reduced consumption selective transformations not achievable heat-driven methods. We focus challenging to recycle backbone structures composed mainly C‒C bonds, lack functional groups i.e., esters or amides, that facilitate e.g., by solvolysis. discuss the use light, either in conjunction heat drive depolymerization monomers via photocatalysis transform polymers valuable molecules. structural prerequisites these are outlined, highlighting their advantages as well limitations. conclude an outlook, addressing key challenges, opportunities, provide guidelines future photocatalyst (PC) development.
Language: Английский
Citations
33Photocatalytic Upcycling and Depolymerization of Vinyl Polymers
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(19)
Published: March 11, 2024
Abstract Photocatalytic upcycling and depolymerization of vinyl polymers have emerged as promising strategies to combat plastic pollution promote a circular economy. This mini review critically summarizes current developments in the degradation including polystyrene poly(meth)acrylates. Of these material classes, polymethacrylates possess unique possibility undergo photocatalytic back monomer under thermodynamically favourable conditions, thus presenting significant advantages over traditional thermal strategies. Our perspective on formidable challenges potential future directions are also discussed.
Language: Английский
Citations
32Recent advances in oxidative degradation of plastics
Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(14), P. 7309 - 7327
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Oxidative degradation is a powerful method to degrade plastics into oligomers and small oxidized products. While thermal energy has been conventionally employed as an external stimulus, recent advances in photochemistry have enabled photocatalytic oxidative of polymers under mild conditions. This tutorial review presents overview degradation, from its earliest examples emerging strategies. briefly discusses the motivation development with focus on underlying mechanisms. Then, we will examine modern studies primarily relevant catalytic degradation. Lastly, highlight some unique using unconventional approaches for polymer such electrochemistry.
Language: Английский
Citations
26Catalytic Upcycling of Polyolefins
Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 124(16), P. 9457 - 9579
Published: Aug. 16, 2024
The large production volumes of commodity polyolefins (specifically, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and poly(vinyl chloride)), in conjunction with their low unit values multitude short-term uses, have resulted a significant pressing waste management challenge. Only small fraction these is currently mechanically recycled, the rest being incinerated, accumulating landfills, or leaking into natural environment. Since are energy-rich materials, there considerable interest recouping some chemical value while simultaneously motivating more responsible end-of-life management. An emerging strategy catalytic depolymerization, which portion C-C bonds polyolefin backbone broken assistance catalyst and, cases, additional molecule reagents. When products molecules materials higher own right, as feedstocks, process called upcycling. This review summarizes recent progress for four major upcycling strategies: hydrogenolysis, (hydro)cracking, tandem processes involving metathesis, selective oxidation. Key considerations include macromolecular reaction mechanisms relative to mechanisms, design transformations, effect conditions on product selectivity. Metrics describing critically evaluated, an outlook future advances described.
Language: Английский
Citations
26Biotransformation of lignin into 4-vinylphenol derivatives toward lignin valorization
Green Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 1770 - 1789
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Biological valorization of lignin toward various high-value products can effectively reduce the dependence on petroleum-based resources and contribute to building a renewable carbon cycle system.
Language: Английский
Citations
16Photoelectrochemical upcycling of PVC plastic waste for the synthesis of chlorinated quinolinone derivatives
Organic Chemistry Frontiers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Herein, an environmentally friendly methodology has been established for the photoelectrochemical chlorination of C(sp 2 )–H bonds in quinolinone derivatives using PVC plastic waste as chlorine source.
Language: Английский
Citations
2Upgrading polyethylene terephthalate plastic into commodity chemicals paired with hydrogen evolution over a partially oxidized CuIn5S8 nanosheet photocatalyst
Green Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(23), P. 9818 - 9825
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
A CuIn 5 S 8 nanosheet photocatalyst with oxygen incorporation was developed, the aim of converting PET plastic into commodity chemicals paired water splitting hydrogen.
Language: Английский
Citations
32Lifecycle Management for Sustainable Plastics: Recent Progress from Synthesis, Processing to Upcycling
Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(33)
Published: June 13, 2024
Abstract Plastics, renowned for their outstanding properties and extensive applications, assume an indispensable irreplaceable role in modern society. However, the ubiquitous consumption of plastic items has led to a growing accumulation waste. Unreasonable practices production, utilization, recycling plastics have substantial energy resource depletion environmental pollution. Herein, state‐of‐the‐art advancements lifecycle management are timely reviewed. Unlike typical reviews focused on recycling, this work presents in‐depth analysis entire plastics, covering whole process from synthesis, processing, ultimate disposal. The primary emphasis lies selecting judicious strategies methodologies at each stage mitigate adverse impact waste plastics. Specifically, article delineates rationale, methods, realized various stages through both physical chemical pathways. focal point is attainment optimal rates thereby alleviating ecological burden By scrutinizing aims furnish comprehensive solutions reducing pollution fostering sustainability across all facets
Language: Английский
Citations
15Upcycling Waste Plastics with a C–C Backbone by Heterogeneous Catalysis
Langmuir, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40(10), P. 5077 - 5089
Published: Feb. 15, 2024
Plastics with an inert carbon–carbon (C–C) backbone, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), are the most widely used types of plastic in human activities. However, many these polymers were directly discarded nature after use, few appropriately recycled. This not only threatens natural environment but also leads to waste carbon resources. Conventional chemical recycling plastics, including pyrolysis catalytic cracking, requires a high energy input due inertness C–C bonds C–H complex product distribution. In recent years, significant progress has been made development catalysts introduction small molecules additional coreactants, which could potentially overcome challenges. this Review, we summarize highlight strategies that address issues upcycling backbone plastics molecules, particularly heterogeneous catalysis. We believe review will inspire methods for using
Language: Английский
Citations
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