Chemistry - An Asian Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 5, 2024
Abstract
Carbon
dots
(CDs)
are
carbon‐based
nanomaterials
that
have
garnered
immense
attention
owing
to
their
exceptional
photophysical
and
optoelectronic
properties.
They
been
employed
extensively
for
biomedical
imaging
phototherapy
due
superb
water
dispersibility,
low
toxicity,
outstanding
biocompatibility,
tissue
permeability.
This
review
summarizes
the
structural
classification
of
CDs,
CDs
according
precursor
sources,
luminescence
mechanism
CDs.
The
modification
in
via
various
doping
routes
is
comprehensively
reviewed,
effect
such
alterations
on
properties,
as
absorbance,
photoluminescence
(PL),
reactive
oxygen
species
generation
ability,
also
highlighted.
strives
summarize
role
cellular
fluorescence
lifetime
metabolism.
Subsequently,
recent
advancements
future
potential
nanotheranostic
agents
discussed.
Herein,
we
discussed
photothermal,
photodynamic,
synergistic
therapy
anticancer,
antiviral,
antibacterial
applications.
overall
summary
highlights
prospects
CD‐based
research
bioimaging
biomedicine.
Cancers,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(5), P. 878 - 878
Published: March 4, 2025
Nanotechnology,
particularly
quantum
dots
(QDs),
has
ushered
in
a
transformative
era
the
pharmaceutical
and
medical
industries,
offering
notable
opportunities
for
nanoscale
advancements.
These
particles,
known
their
exceptional
optical
properties
confinement,
have
emerged
as
indispensable
tools
cancer
drug
delivery
bioimaging.
This
review
delves
into
various
conjugation
techniques
with
QDs,
including
covalent
linking,
non-covalent
conjugation,
click
chemistry,
disulfide
linkage,
pH-sensitive
linkage.
Each
method
provides
distinct
advantages,
such
enhanced
stability,
reversibility,
specificity,
controlled
release.
Moreover,
QDs
demonstrated
significant
promise
oncology
by
efficiently
delivering
drugs
to
cancerous
tissues
while
minimising
systemic
toxicity.
Investigations
applications
different
cancers,
blood,
brain,
cervical,
breast
etc.,
reveal
efficacy
targeted
delivery,
real-time
imaging,
improved
therapeutic
outcomes.
However,
challenges
potential
toxicity,
pharmacokinetics,
targeting
specificity
must
be
addressed
fully
harness
benefits
of
therapy.
Future
research
should
focus
on
developing
biocompatible
optimising
techniques,
elucidating
safety
profiles
long-term
effects
biological
systems.
Overall,
represent
promising
frontier
treatment,
multifaceted
capabilities
that
hold
outcomes
reduced
side
across
cancers.
Polymers for Advanced Technologies,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
35(9)
Published: Sept. 1, 2024
Abstract
Graphene
quantum
dots
(GQDs),
owing
to
their
unique
optical,
electrical,
and
chemical
properties,
have
emerged
as
promising
nanomaterials
for
various
biomedical
applications.
This
review
provides
a
comprehensive
overview
of
the
latest
advancements
in
utilization
GQDs
tissue
engineering,
wound
healing,
drug
delivery
systems,
other
therapies.
The
inherent
properties
GQDs,
including
high
biocompatibility,
tunable
photoluminescence,
significant
surface
area,
make
them
ideal
candidates
enhancing
medical
treatments
diagnostics.
In
improve
mechanical
biological
performance
scaffolds,
promoting
cell
proliferation
differentiation.
For
enhance
antimicrobial
activity
facilitate
faster
regeneration.
Their
potential
DDS
is
highlighted
by
ability
deliver
therapeutic
agents
efficiently,
ensuring
targeted
controlled
release.
Additionally,
play
crucial
role
therapies,
particularly
cancer
treatment,
efficacy
reducing
side
effects.
While
offer
diagnostics,
challenges
such
understanding
long‐term
cytotoxicity
at
higher
concentrations,
need
standardized
synthesis
methods
remain
critical
areas
further
research.
also
discusses
future
directions
opportunities
emphasizing
transformative
advancing
modern
healthcare
solutions.
insights
presented
here
contribute
expanding
field
GQD
research,
highlighting
significantly
patient
outcomes
drive
innovations.
Journal of Materials Chemistry B,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(29), P. 7041 - 7062
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Water-soluble
graphene
quantum
dots
(GQDs)
have
recently
exhibited
considerable
potential
for
diverse
biomedical
applications
owing
to
their
exceptional
optical
and
chemical
properties.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(19), P. 10539 - 10539
Published: Sept. 30, 2024
Cancer
therapy
is
constantly
evolving,
with
a
growing
emphasis
on
targeted
and
efficient
treatment
options.
In
this
context,
graphene
quantum
dots
(GQDs)
have
emerged
as
promising
agents
for
precise
drug
gene
delivery
due
to
their
unique
attributes,
such
high
surface
area,
photoluminescence,
up-conversion
biocompatibility.
GQDs
can
damage
cancer
cells
exhibit
intrinsic
photothermal
conversion
singlet
oxygen
generation
efficiency
under
specific
light
irradiation,
enhancing
effectiveness.
They
serve
direct
therapeutic
versatile
platforms
capable
of
being
easily
functionalized
various
targeting
molecules
agents.
However,
challenges
achieving
uniform
size
morphology,
bandgap
engineering,
scalability,
along
minimizing
cytotoxicity
the
environmental
impact
production,
must
be
addressed.
Additionally,
there
need
more
comprehensive
understanding
cellular
mechanisms
release
processes,
well
improved
purification
methods.
Integrating
into
existing
systems
enhances
efficacy
traditional
treatments,
offering
less
invasive
options
patients.
This
review
highlights
transformative
potential
in
while
acknowledging
that
researchers
overcome
broader
application.
RSC Advances,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(30), P. 21915 - 21937
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Skin
carcinoma
is
one
of
the
most
prevalent
types
carcinomas.
Due
to
high
incidence
side
effects
in
conventional
therapies
(radiotherapy
and
chemotherapy),
photodynamic
therapy
(PDT)
has
gained
huge
attention
as
an
alternate
treatment
strategy.
PDT
involves
administration
photosensitizers
(PS)
cells
which
produce
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
on
irradiation
by
specific
wavelengths
light
that
result
cancer
cells'
death
Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(16), P. e35760 - e35760
Published: Aug. 1, 2024
Graphene
quantum
dots
(GQDs)
are
an
evolving
class
of
carbon-based
nanomaterial,
seizing
tremendous
attention
owing
to
their
intense
optical
property,
engineered
shapes
and
structures,
good
photostability.
Being
a
zero-dimensional
form
carbon
structure,
GQDs
have
superior
photoluminescent
behavior,
tunable
emission
absorption,
excellent
biocompatibility,
low
cytotoxicity,
hydrophilic
nature,
modifying
surface
states.
Their
water
dispersibility
functionalized
involving
heteroatoms
various
functional
groups
onto
the
GQDs,
make
them
particularly
suitable
for
biological
applications.
Based
on
absolute
luminescence
properties,
emit
blue,
green,
yellow,
red
light
under
ultraviolet
irradiation.
Amongst
three
colors,
can
achieve
deeper
penetration
into
tissues,
cellular
distribution,
bio-sensing
cell
imaging,
drug
delivery,
serves
as
better
candidate
photodynamic
therapy.
The
overall
objective
this
review
is
provide
comprehensive
overview
synthesis
methods
fluorescence
graphene
(RF-GQDs),
critical
comparative
analyses
spectral
techniques
used
characterization,
photoluminescence
mechanisms
underpinning
emission,
significance
chemically
functionalizing
GQDs'
edges
in
achieving
discussed
depth.
This
also
discusses
effective
applications
challenges
associated
with
RF-GQDs
examined,
providing
insights
future
potential
clinical
industrial
