Physiological Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(12)
Published: June 1, 2024
The
renin-angiotensin
system
(RAS)-a
classical
blood
pressure
regulator-largely
contributes
to
healthy
organ
development
and
function.
Besides,
RAS
activation
promotes
age-related
changes
age-associated
diseases,
which
are
attenuated/abolished
by
RAS-blockade
in
several
mammalian
species.
RAS-blockers
also
increase
rodent
lifespan.
In
previous
work,
we
discussed
how
downregulates
mTOR
growth
hormone/IGF-1
signaling,
stimulates
AMPK
activity
(together
with
klotho,
sirtuin,
vitamin
D-receptor
upregulation),
proposed
that
at
least
some
of
RAS-blockade's
aging
benefits
mediated
through
regulation
these
intermediaries
their
signaling
mitochondria.
Here,
included
impact
on
other
regulatory
pathways,
is,
TGF-ß,
NF-kB,
PI3K,
MAPK,
PKC,
Notch,
Wnt,
all
affect
No
direct
evidence
is
available
RAS/RAS-blockade-aging
pathway-mitochondria
interactions.
However,
existing
results
allow
conjecture
neutralize
mitochondrial
dysfunction
acting
the
pathways.
reviewed
led
us
propose
foundation
laid
for
conducting
clinical
trials
aimed
testing
whether
angiotensin-converting
enzyme
inhibitors
(ACEi)
or
angiotensin
receptor
blockers
(ARB)-even
subclinical
doses-offer
possibility
live
longer
better
health.
As
ACEi
ARB
low
cost
well-tolerated
anti-hypertension
therapies
use
over
35
years,
investigating
administration
attenuate/prevent
effects
seems
simple
implement.
Journal of Hematology & Oncology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(1)
Published: June 11, 2024
Abstract
Macrophages
infiltrating
tumour
tissues
or
residing
in
the
microenvironment
of
solid
tumours
are
known
as
tumour-associated
macrophages
(TAMs).
These
specialized
immune
cells
play
crucial
roles
growth,
angiogenesis,
regulation,
metastasis,
and
chemoresistance.
TAMs
encompass
various
subpopulations,
primarily
classified
into
M1
M2
subtypes
based
on
their
differentiation
activities.
macrophages,
characterized
by
a
pro-inflammatory
phenotype,
exert
anti-tumoural
effects,
while
with
an
anti-inflammatory
function
protumoural
regulators.
highly
versatile
respond
to
stimuli
from
other
constituents
within
(TME),
such
growth
factors,
cytokines,
chemokines,
enzymes.
induce
polarization
towards
one
phenotype
another,
leading
complex
interactions
TME
components
influencing
both
pro-tumour
anti-tumour
processes.
This
review
comprehensively
deeply
covers
literature
origin
well
intricate
interplay
between
TME,
dual
nature
promoting
pro-
Moreover,
delves
primary
pathways
implicated
macrophage
polarization,
examining
diverse
that
regulate
this
process.
role
shaping
functions
macrophages.
In
addition,
advantages
limitations
current
clinical
interventions
reviewed,
including
enhancing
TAM
phagocytosis,
inducing
exhaustion,
inhibiting
recruitment,
polarizing
M1-like
phenotype.
conclusion,
treatment
strategies
targeting
precision
medicine
show
promise,
overcoming
several
obstacles
is
still
necessary
achieve
accessible
efficient
immunotherapy.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: March 7, 2024
The
innate
immune
response
represents
the
first-line
of
defense
against
invading
pathogens.
Reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
and
reactive
nitrogen
(RNS)
have
been
implicated
in
various
aspects
function,
which
involves
respiratory
bursts
inflammasome
activation.
These
widely
distributed
within
cellular
environment
are
short-lived
intermediates
that
play
a
vital
role
signaling
proliferation
likely
to
depend
on
their
subcellular
site
formation.
NADPH
oxidase
complex
phagocytes
is
known
generate
superoxide
anion
radical
(O
2
•−
)
functions
as
precursor
for
antimicrobial
hydrogen
peroxide
(H
O
production,
H
utilized
by
myeloperoxidase
(MPO)
hypochlorous
acid
(HOCl)
mediates
pathogen
killing.
modulates
expression
redox-responsive
transcriptional
factors,
namely
NF-kB,
NRF2,
HIF-1,
thereby
mediating
redox-based
epigenetic
modification.
Survival
function
cells
under
redox
control
intracellular
extracellular
levels
ROS/RNS.
current
review
focuses
factors
involved
activation
ROS
oxidative
modification
proteins
macrophage
polarization
neutrophil
function.
MedComm,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(8)
Published: Aug. 1, 2024
Abstract
Macrophages
are
versatile
immune
cells
with
remarkable
plasticity,
enabling
them
to
adapt
diverse
tissue
microenvironments
and
perform
various
functions.
Traditionally
categorized
into
classically
activated
(M1)
alternatively
(M2)
phenotypes,
recent
advances
have
revealed
a
spectrum
of
macrophage
activation
states
that
extend
beyond
this
dichotomy.
The
complex
interplay
signaling
pathways,
transcriptional
regulators,
epigenetic
modifications
orchestrates
polarization,
allowing
respond
stimuli
dynamically.
Here,
we
provide
comprehensive
overview
the
cascades
governing
focusing
on
roles
Toll‐like
receptors,
signal
transducer
activator
transcription
proteins,
nuclear
microRNAs.
We
also
discuss
emerging
concepts
metabolic
reprogramming
trained
immunity,
contributing
their
functional
adaptability.
Macrophage
plasticity
plays
pivotal
role
in
repair
regeneration,
macrophages
coordinating
inflammation,
angiogenesis,
matrix
remodeling
restore
homeostasis.
By
harnessing
potential
novel
therapeutic
strategies
targeting
polarization
could
be
developed
for
diseases,
including
chronic
wounds,
fibrotic
disorders,
inflammatory
conditions.
Ultimately,
deeper
understanding
molecular
mechanisms
underpinning
will
pave
way
innovative
regenerative
medicine
engineering
approaches.
Stem Cell Research & Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Aug. 26, 2024
Advances
in
stem
cell
technology
offer
new
possibilities
for
patients
with
untreated
diseases
and
disorders.
Stem
cell-based
therapy,
which
includes
multipotent
mesenchymal
cells
(MSCs),
has
recently
become
important
regenerative
therapies.
MSCs
are
progenitor
that
possess
the
ability
to
undergo
vitro
self-renewal
differentiate
into
various
lineages.
have
demonstrated
promise
several
areas,
such
as
tissue
regeneration,
immunological
modulation,
anti-inflammatory
qualities,
wound
healing.
Additionally,
development
of
specific
guidelines
quality
control
methods
ultimately
result
therapeutic
application
been
made
easier
by
recent
advancements
study
MSC
biology.
This
review
discusses
latest
clinical
uses
obtained
from
umbilical
cord
(UC),
bone
marrow
(BM),
or
adipose
(AT)
treating
human
pulmonary
dysfunctions,
neurological
disorders,
endocrine/metabolic
diseases,
skin
burns,
cardiovascular
conditions,
reproductive
this
offers
comprehensive
information
regarding
targeted
therapies
utilizing
MSCs.
It
also
presents
examines
concept
origin
its
potential
impact
on
function
downstream
applications.
The
ultimate
aim
research
is
facilitate
translational
applications
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: March 7, 2025
Abstract
Macrophages
are
immune
cells
belonging
to
the
mononuclear
phagocyte
system.
They
play
crucial
roles
in
defense,
surveillance,
and
homeostasis.
This
review
systematically
discusses
types
of
hematopoietic
progenitors
that
give
rise
macrophages,
including
primitive
progenitors,
erythro-myeloid
stem
cells.
These
have
distinct
genetic
backgrounds
developmental
processes.
Accordingly,
macrophages
exhibit
complex
diverse
functions
body,
phagocytosis
clearance
cellular
debris,
antigen
presentation,
response,
regulation
inflammation
cytokine
production,
tissue
remodeling
repair,
multi-level
regulatory
signaling
pathways/crosstalk
involved
homeostasis
physiology.
Besides,
tumor-associated
a
key
component
TME,
exhibiting
both
anti-tumor
pro-tumor
properties.
Furthermore,
functional
status
is
closely
linked
development
various
diseases,
cancer,
autoimmune
disorders,
cardiovascular
disease,
neurodegenerative
metabolic
conditions,
trauma.
Targeting
has
emerged
as
promising
therapeutic
strategy
these
contexts.
Clinical
trials
macrophage-based
targeted
drugs,
immunotherapies,
nanoparticle-based
therapy
were
comprehensively
summarized.
Potential
challenges
future
directions
targeting
also
been
discussed.
Overall,
our
highlights
significance
this
versatile
cell
human
health
which
expected
inform
research
clinical
practice.
Small,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 10, 2025
Abstract
Glioblastoma
(GBM),
the
most
malignant
brain
tumor
with
high
prevalence,
remains
highly
resistant
to
existing
immunotherapies
due
significant
immunosuppression
within
microenvironment
(TME),
predominantly
manipulated
by
M2‐phenotypic
tumor‐associated
macrophages
(M2‐TAMs).
Here
in
this
work,
an
M2‐TAMs
targeted
nano‐reprogrammers,
MG5‐S‐IMDQ,
is
established
decorating
mannose
molecule
as
targeting
moiety
well
toll‐like
receptor
(TLR)
7/8
agonist,
imidazoquinoline
(IMDQ)
on
dendrimeric
nanoscaffold.
MG5‐S‐IMDQ
demonstrated
excellent
capacity
of
penetrating
blood‐brain
barrier
(BBB)
selectively
GBM
microenvironment,
leading
a
phenotype
transformation
and
function
restoration
TAMs
shown
heightened
phagocytic
activity
toward
cells,
enhanced
cytotoxic
effects,
improved
antigen
cross‐presentation
capability.
In
meantime,
induction
function‐oriented
“gear
effect”,
treatment
extended
its
impact
systemically
enhancing
infiltration
type
I
conventional
dendritic
cells
(cDC1s)
into
sites
bolstering
adaptive
immune
responses.
sum,
precisely
working
unique
target
situ,
nano‐reprogrammers
successfully
robust
network
that
worked
synergistically
combat
tumors.
This
facile
nanoplatform‐based
immunomodulatory
strategy,
serving
powerful
convenient
monotherapy
or
complementary
alongside
other
therapies
like
surgery,
provided
deep
insights
for
advancing
translational
study
GBM.
Foods,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(3), P. 347 - 347
Published: Jan. 21, 2025
Bee
pollen
is
characterized
by
an
exceptional
diversity
and
abundance
of
micronutrients
bioactive
phytochemicals.
This
richness
remains
very
sparsely
investigated,
but
accumulating
evidence
strongly
supports
a
promising
future
for
bee
in
human
nutrition
medicine.
Epigenetic
regulation
among
the
most
compelling
biomedical
topics
that
remain
completely
untapped
derivative
research.
In
our
current
research,
we
identified
numerous
ubiquitous
compounds
are
consistently
present
this
matrix,
regardless
its
botanical
geographical
origins,
have
been
well
studied
documented
as
epigenetic
regulators
recent
years.
Given
relative
newness
both
research
studies
within
nutritional,
pharmaceutical,
medical
sciences,
review
aims
to
bridge
these
valuable
fields
advance
related
experimental
investigations.
To
best
knowledge,
first
work
has
aimed
comprehensively
investigate
modulatory
potential
compounds.
Our
findings
also
unveiled
several
intriguing
phenomena,
such
dual
effect
same
compound
depending
on
cellular
context
or
some
cross-generational
heritability
traits.
Although
whole
extract
still
lacking,
study
clearly
indicates
avenue
worth
further
We
hope
constitutes
foundational
cornerstone
investigations
Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(1), P. 175 - 175
Published: Jan. 13, 2024
Severe
infection
can
lead
to
sepsis.
In
sepsis,
the
host
mounts
an
inappropriately
large
inflammatory
response
in
attempt
clear
invading
pathogen.
This
sustained
high
level
of
inflammation
may
cause
tissue
injury
and
organ
failure.
Later
a
paradoxical
immunosuppression
occurs,
where
is
unable
preexisting
susceptible
secondary
infections.
A
major
issue
with
sepsis
treatment
that
it
difficult
for
physicians
ascertain
which
stage
patient
in.
Sepsis
will
depend
on
patient’s
immune
status
across
spectrum
disease,
these
statuses
are
nearly
polar
opposites
early
late
stages
Furthermore,
there
no
approved
resolve
without
contributing
within
host.
Here,
we
review
mechanisms
sepsis-induced
biomarkers
immunosuppressive
phase
We
focused
reviewing
three
main
These
lymphocyte
apoptosis,
monocyte/macrophage
exhaustion,
increased
migration
myeloid-derived
suppressor
cells
(MDSCs).
The
septic
discuss
include
MDSC
production/migration
IL-10
levels,
decreased
counts
HLA-DR
expression,
GPR18
expression.
also
literature
use
specialized
pro-resolving
mediators
(SPMs)
different
models
and/or
as
compounds
have
been
reported
being
immunosuppressive.
To
obtain
necessary
information,
searched
PubMed
database
using
keywords
macrophage
MDSCs,
biomarkers,
SPMs.
