Effects of terrestrial runoff on the ecology of corals and coral reefs: review and synthesis

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2004, Volume and Issue: 50(2), P. 125 - 146

Published: Dec. 13, 2004

Language: Английский

---

Eutrophication science: where do we go from here?

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 201 - 207

Published: Feb. 25, 2009

Language: Английский

---

The role of microorganisms in coral health, disease and evolution

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 5(5), P. 355 - 362

Published: March 26, 2007

Language: Английский

---

Thermal Stress and Coral Cover as Drivers of Coral Disease Outbreaks

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 5(6), P. e124 - e124

Published: May 4, 2007

Very little is known about how environmental changes such as increasing temperature affect disease dynamics in the ocean, especially at large spatial scales. We asked whether frequency of warm anomalies positively related to coral across 1,500 km Australia's Great Barrier Reef. used a new high-resolution satellite dataset ocean and 6 y cover data from annual surveys 48 reefs answer this question. found highly significant relationship between frequencies white syndrome, an emergent disease, or potentially, group diseases, Pacific reef-building corals. The effect was dependent on because syndrome outbreaks followed years, but only high (>50%) reefs, suggesting important role host density threshold for outbreaks. Our results indicate that anomalies, which predicted increase most tropical oceans, can susceptibility corals leading where are abundant.

Language: Английский

---

Caribbean Corals in Crisis: Record Thermal Stress, Bleaching, and Mortality in 2005

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 5(11), P. e13969 - e13969

Published: Nov. 15, 2010

Background The rising temperature of the world's oceans has become a major threat to coral reefs globally as severity and frequency mass bleaching mortality events increase. In 2005, high ocean temperatures in tropical Atlantic Caribbean resulted most severe event ever recorded basin. Methodology/Principal Findings Satellite-based tools provided warnings for reef managers scientists, guiding both timing location researchers' field observations anomalously warm conditions developed spread across greater region from June October 2005. Field surveys exceeded prior efforts detail extent, new standard documenting effects testing nowcast forecast products. Collaborators 22 countries undertook comprehensive documentation basin-scale date found that over 80% corals bleached 40% died at many sites. coincided with waters nearest western pool was centered off northern end Lesser Antilles. Conclusions/Significance Thermal stress during 2005 any observed 20 years, regionally-averaged were warmest 150 years. Comparison satellite data against demonstrated significant predictive relationship between accumulated heat (measured using NOAA Coral Reef Watch's Degree Heating Weeks) intensity. This severe, widespread will undoubtedly have long-term consequences ecosystems suggests troubled future marine under warming climate.

Language: Английский

---

Environmental impacts of dredging and other sediment disturbances on corals: A review

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 64(9), P. 1737 - 1765

Published: June 7, 2012

A review of published literature on the sensitivity corals to turbidity and sedimentation is presented, with an emphasis effects dredging. The risks severity impact from dredging (and other sediment disturbances) are primarily related intensity, duration frequency exposure increased sedimentation. a coral reef impacts its ability recover depend antecedent ecological conditions reef, resilience ambient normally experienced. Effects stress have so far been investigated in 89 species (∼10% all known reef-building corals). Results these investigations provided generic understanding tolerance levels, response mechanisms, adaptations threshold levels natural anthropogenic disturbances. Coral polyps undergo high suspended-sediment concentrations subsequent light attenuation which affect their algal symbionts. Minimum requirements range <1% as much 60% surface irradiance. Reported limits systems for chronic <10 mg L−1 pristine offshore areas >100 marginal nearshore reefs. Some individual can tolerate short-term (days) 1000 while others show mortality after (weeks) low 30 L−1. that survive turbidities ranges several days (sensitive species) at least 5–6 weeks (tolerant species). Increased cause smothering burial polyps, shading, tissue necrosis population explosions bacteria mucus. Fine sediments tend greater than coarse sediments. Turbidity also reduce recruitment, survival settlement larvae. Maximum rates be tolerated by different cm−2 d−1 >400 d−1. durations <24 h sensitive few (>4 or >14 complete burial) very tolerant species. Hypotheses explain substantial differences between include growth form colonies size polyp calyx. validity hypotheses was tested basis 77 studies results this analysis reveal significant relationship form, but not calyx size. variation sensitivities reported may caused type particle applied experiments. many (in varying degrees) actively reject through inflation, mucus production, ciliary tentacular action (at considerable energetic cost), well intraspecific morphological mobility free-living mushroom corals, further contribute observed differences. Given wide among baseline water quality reefs, meaningful criteria limit extent plumes will always require site-specific evaluations, taking into account assemblage present site variability local background

Language: Английский

---

Shifting Baselines, Local Impacts, and Global Change on Coral Reefs

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. e54 - e54

Published: Feb. 22, 2008

The striking health of remote coral reefs provides clear evidence that protection from local overfishing and pollution can help mitigate the impacts global warming.

Language: Английский

---

Beneficial Microorganisms for Corals (BMC): Proposed Mechanisms for Coral Health and Resilience

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: March 7, 2017

The symbiotic association between the coral animal and its endosymbiotic dinoflagellate partner Symbiodinium is central to success of corals. However, an array other microorganisms associated with (i.e., Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi viruses) have a complex intricate role in maintaining homeostasis corals Symbiodinium. Corals are sensitive shifts surrounding environmental conditions. One most widely reported responses stressful conditions bleaching. During this event, expel cells from their gastrodermal tissues upon experiencing extended seawater temperatures above thermal threshold. An stressors can also destabilize microbiome, resulting compromised health host, which may include disease mortality worst scenario. exact mechanisms by microbiome supports increases resilience poorly understood. Earlier studies microbiology proposed probiotic hypothesis, wherein dynamic relationship exists microorganisms, selecting for holobiont that best suited prevailing Here, we discuss microbial-host relationships within holobiont, along potential roles health. We propose term BMC (Beneficial Microorganisms Corals) define (specific) symbionts promote This concept analogous Plant Growth Promoting Rhizosphere (PGPR), has been explored manipulated agricultural industry inhabit rhizosphere directly or indirectly plant growth development through production regulatory signals, antibiotics nutrients. Additionally, effects on corals, suggesting strategies use knowledge manipulate reversing dysbiosis restore protect reefs. developing using consortia as "probiotics" improve resistance after bleaching events and/or such human-assisted acclimation/adaption shifting

Language: Английский

---

Chronic nutrient enrichment increases prevalence and severity of coral disease and bleaching

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. 544 - 554

Published: Nov. 26, 2013

Abstract Nutrient loading is one of the strongest drivers marine habitat degradation. Yet, link between nutrients and disease epizootics in organisms often tenuous supported only by correlative data. Here, we present experimental evidence that chronic nutrient exposure leads to increases both prevalence severity coral bleaching scleractinian corals, major habitat‐forming tropical reefs. Over 3 years, from June 2009 2012, continuously exposed areas a reef elevated levels nitrogen phosphorus. At termination enrichment, surveyed over 1200 corals for signs or bleaching. Siderastrea siderea within enrichment plots had twofold increase compared with unenriched control plots. In addition, increased bleaching; Agaricia spp. suffered 3.5‐fold frequency relative providing empirical support hypothesized bleaching‐induced declines. However, 1 year later, after been terminated 10 months, there were no differences previously enriched treatments. Given our enrichments well ranges ambient concentrations found on many degraded reefs worldwide, these data provide strong idea coastal factors contributing increasing also suggest simple improvements water quality may be an effective way mitigate some corresponding loss cover future.

Language: Английский

---

Impacts of nutrient enrichment on coral reefs: new perspectives and implications for coastal management and reef survival

Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 7, P. 82 - 93

Published: Jan. 2, 2014

Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment is often associated with coral reef decline. Consequently, there a large consent that increased influxes in waters have negative longterm consequences for corals. However, the mechanisms by which dissolved inorganic nutrients can disturb corals and their symbiotic algae are subject to controversial debate. Herein, we discuss recent studies demonstrate how affects heat light stress tolerance of bleaching susceptibility. We integrate direct indirect effects on model explains why healthy reefs exist over rather broad range natural environments at lower end concentration scale anthropogenic finely balanced processes via multiple pathways. conceptualise suffer from secondary due alteration environment phytoplankton loads. In this context, suggest represents likely vector translate effects, induced instance coastal run-off, into considerable distance site primary enrichment. The presented synthesis literature suggests eutrophication beyond certain thresholds physiological performance individual ecosystem functioning. Hence, immediate implementation knowledge-based management strategies crucial survival.

Language: Английский

---