Measurement and Clinical Significance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Humans

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 2017(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2017

Oxidative stress is the result of imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and enzymatic nonenzymatic antioxidants. Biomarkers oxidative are relevant in evaluation disease status health‐enhancing effects We aim to discuss major methodological bias methods used for humans. There a lack consensus concerning validation, standardization, reproducibility measurement following: (1) ROS leukocytes platelets by flow cytometry, (2) markers based on ROS‐induced modifications lipids, DNA, proteins, (3) players redox status, (4) total antioxidant capacity human body fluids. It has been suggested that each method could be overcome using indexes include more than one marker. However, choice considered global index should dictated study its design, as well clinical relevance selected subjects. In conclusion, significance biomarkers humans must come from critical analysis give an overall particular conditions.

Language: Английский

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Expansion of Urease- and Uricase-Containing, Indole- and p-Cresol-Forming and Contraction of Short-Chain Fatty Acid-Producing Intestinal Microbiota in ESRD

American Journal of Nephrology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 39(3), P. 230 - 237

Published: Jan. 1, 2014

Intestinal microbiome constitutes a symbiotic ecosystem that is essential for health, and changes in its composition/function cause various illnesses. Biochemical milieu shapes the structure function of microbiome. Recently, we found marked differences abundance numerous bacterial taxa between ESRD healthy individuals. Influx urea uric acid dietary restriction fruits vegetables to prevent hyperkalemia alter patients' intestinal milieu. We hypothesized relative abundances bacteria possessing urease, uricase, p-cresol- indole-producing enzymes increased, while containing converting fiber short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) reduced ESRD.Reference sets genes interest were compiled family, families showing differential 12 24 individuals enrolled our original study compiled. Overlap was assessed using hypergeometric distribution tests.Among 19 microbial dominant patients, possessed 5 4 indole p-cresol-forming enzymes. Among diminished 2 butyrate-forming Probabilities these overlapping distributions <0.05.ESRD patients exhibited significant expansion p-cresol forming enzymes, contraction Given deleterious effects indoxyl sulfate, urea-derived ammonia, beneficial actions SCFA, metabolism contribute uremic toxicity inflammation.

Language: Английский

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The intestinal microbiota, a leaky gut, and abnormal immunity in kidney disease

Kidney International, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 83(6), P. 1010 - 1016

Published: Jan. 16, 2013

Language: Английский

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Altered intestinal microbial flora and impaired epithelial barrier structure and function in CKD: the nature, mechanisms, consequences and potential treatment

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 31(5), P. 737 - 746

Published: April 16, 2015

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) results in systemic inflammation and oxidative stress which play a central role CKD progression its adverse consequences. Although many of the causes consequences have been extensively explored, little attention had paid to intestine microbial flora as potential source these problems. Our recent studies revealed significant disruption colonic, ileal, jejunal gastric epithelial tight junction different models rats. Moreover, barrier structure function found uremic animals was replicated cultured human colonocytes exposed plasma vitro We further changes composition colonic bacterial humans with advanced CKD. Together, uremia-induced impairment intestinal gut microbiome contribute toxicity by accommodating translocation endotoxin, fragments other noxious luminal products circulation. In addition, bacteria are main several well-known pro-inflammatory toxins such indoxyl sulfate, p-cresol trimethylamine-N-oxide as-yet unidentified retained compounds end-stage renal patients. This review is intended provide an overview effects on their pathogenesis toxicity. interventions aimed at mitigating abnormalities briefly discussed.

Language: Английский

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Role of Urea in Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Disruption of Epithelial Tight Junction in Chronic Kidney Disease

American Journal of Nephrology, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 37(1), P. 1 - 6

Published: Dec. 19, 2012

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Chronic kidney disease (CKD) impairs intestinal barrier function which leads to endotoxemia and systemic inflammation. We have found depletion of epithelial tight junction (TJ) proteins in animals with CKD. further showed that addition end-stage renal patients’ plasma the culture medium provokes a marked drop transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) TJ cultured human enterocytes. These effects were less severe post- than prehemodialysis plasma, suggesting role dialyzable agent(s). This study tested hypothesis dysfunction uremia may be due diffusion urea into gut its conversion ammonia by microbial urease. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Human enterocytes (T84 cells) seeded on Transwell plates utilized when TER exceeded 1,000 mΩ·cm² ensure full polarization formation. Confluent cells then incubated for 24 h media containing 0, 42 or 74 mg/dl plus urease simulate presence flora. <b><i>Results:</i></b> At clinically relevant concentrations, caused concentration-dependent fall key claudin-1, occludin zonula occludens 1. The dramatically amplified causing cell detachment, dissipation TER, massive loss proteins.<b><i> Conclusions:</i></b> Uremia-induced disruption is, part, mediated is generally considered nontoxic retained metabolite. findings reveal novel mechanism salutary effect urea-lowering strategies, e.g. low-protein diet longer more frequent dialysis regimens advanced

Language: Английский

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Clinical Characteristics of and Medical Interventions for COVID-19 in Hemodialysis Patients in Wuhan, China

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 31(7), P. 1387 - 1397

Published: May 8, 2020

Significance Statement Although reports indicate that patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis are at risk for severe illness with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), information about this population of is limited. Using data retrospectively collected from a registration system included 7154 undergoing 65 hospitals in Wuhan, China, the authors found 154 had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. In detailed analysis epidemiologic and clinical characteristics 131 COVID-19 who provided oral consent, they showed centers high-risk settings COVID-19, described interventions effectively prevented spread among such centers. These measures requiring to wear medical mask during dialysis public, conducting universal screening infection, isolating infected directing them designated Background Reports those most vulnerable developing (COVID-19) older adults underlying illnesses, as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease, which common comorbidities hemodialysis. However, there limited control Methods We through an online includes all China. reviewed between January 1, 2020 March 10, 2020. Results Of hemodialysis, The mean age our was 63.2 years; 57.3% were men. Many comorbidities, (including hypertension) being (68.7%). Only 51.9% manifested fever; 21.4% asymptomatic. finding on chest computed tomography (CT) ground-grass patchy opacity (82.1%). After initiating comprehensive interventions—including entrance body temperature symptoms, CT blood tests, other measures—new presenting peaked 10 per day 30, decreasing 4 February 11. No new cases occurred 26 Conclusions susceptible epidemic. Increasing prevention efforts, instituting screening, effective preventing

Language: Английский

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High Amylose Resistant Starch Diet Ameliorates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 9(12), P. e114881 - e114881

Published: Dec. 9, 2014

Inflammation is a major mediator of CKD progression and partly driven by altered gut microbiome intestinal barrier disruption, events which are caused by: urea influx in the intestine resulting dominance urease-possessing bacteria; disruption epithelial urea-derived ammonia leading to endotoxemia bacterial translocation; restriction potassium-rich fruits vegetables common sources fermentable fiber. Restriction these foods leads depletion bacteria that convert indigestible carbohydrates short chain fatty acids important nutrients for colonocytes regulatory T lymphocytes. We hypothesized high resistant starch diet attenuates progression. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed chow containing 0.7% adenine 2 weeks induce CKD. Rats then diets supplemented with amylopectin (low-fiber control) or fiber (amylose maize starch, HAM-RS2) 3 weeks. consuming low exhibited reduced creatinine clearance, interstitial fibrosis, inflammation, tubular damage, activation NFkB, upregulation pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant, pro-fibrotic molecules; impaired Nrf2 activity, down-regulation antioxidant enzymes, colonic tight junction. The significantly attenuated abnormalities. Thus retards oxidative stress inflammation rats. Future studies needed explore impact HAM-RS2 patients.

Language: Английский

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Alteration of the gut microbiota in Chinese population with chronic kidney disease

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: May 31, 2017

We evaluated differences in the compositions of faecal microbiota between 52 end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and 60 healthy controls southern China using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) high-throughput sequencing (16S ribosomal RNA V4-6 region) methods. The absolute quantification total bacteria was significantly reduced ESRD (p < 0.01). In three enterotypes, Prevotella enriched group whereas Bacteroides were prevalent (LDA score > 4.5). 11 bacterial taxa overrepresented samples from 22 controls. butyrate producing bacteria, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium, Clostridium, Coprococcus values 2.0). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that Cystatin C (CysC), creatinine eGFR appeared to be most important environmental parameters influence overall microbial communities. qPCR analysis, species Roseburia spp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Universal negatively related CRP CysC. Total faeces with compared individuals. enterotypes change patients. gut associated inflammatory state function chronic kidney disease.

Language: Английский

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Inflammation and premature aging in advanced chronic kidney disease

AJP Renal Physiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 313(4), P. F938 - F950

Published: July 13, 2017

Systemic inflammation in end-stage renal disease is an established risk factor for mortality and a catalyst other complications, which are related to premature aging phenotype, including muscle wasting, vascular calcification, forms of disease, depression, osteoporosis, frailty. Uremic also mechanistically mechanisms involved the process, such as telomere shortening, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered nutrient sensing, can have direct effect on cellular tissue function. In addition uremia-specific causes, abnormalities phosphate-Klotho axis, there remarkable similarities between pathophysiology uremic so-called "inflammaging" general population. Potentially relevant, but still somewhat unexplored this respect, abnormal or misplaced protein structures, well homeostasis, evoke danger signals through damage-associated molecular patterns, senescence-associated secretory phenotype. inflammation, combination with loss kidney function, impair resilience body external internal stressors by reduced functional structural reserves, impairing normal organ crosstalk, thus providing explanation greatly increased homeostatic breakdown review, relationship potential causes consequences, discussed.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 in hemodialysis (HD) patients: Report from one HD center in Wuhan, China

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 25, 2020

Abstract Importance The outbreak of highly contagious COVID-19 has posed a serious threat to human health, especially for those with underlying diseases. However, Impacts epidemic on HD center and patients have not been reported. Objective To summery an in center. Design, Setting, Participants We reviewed the course from first laboratory-confirmed case infection January 14 control March 12 Renmin Hospital Wuhan University. Total 230 33 medical staff were included this study Exposures COVID-19. Main Outcomes Measures Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, radiological characteristics outcomes data collected analyzed. 19 patients, non-COVID-19 healthy volunteers enrolled further about effect SARS-CoV-2 host immune responses. Results 42 out (18.26%) 4 staffs (12.12%) diagnosed 12, 2020. 13 (5.65%), including 10 diagnosed, died during epidemic. Only 2 deaths associated pneumonia/lung failure. Except 3 admitted ICU severe condition (8.11%), dead, most presented mild or none-respiratory symptoms. Multiple lymphocyte populations significantly decreased. even displayed more remarkable reduction serum inflammatory cytokines than other patients. Conclusions Relevance are susceptible population centers high risk area Patients mostly clinical unlikely progress pneumonia due impaired cellular function incapability mounting storm. More attention should be paid prevent cardiovascular events, which may collateral impacts

Language: Английский

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