Aerosol Science and Technology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
58(8), P. 942 - 956
Published: June 13, 2024
The
study
of
respiratory
droplets
evaporation
and
formation
crystalline
solid
residues
has
become
more
important
with
the
spread
diseases
such
as
COVID-19.
Evaporation
time
droplet
sizes
greatly
influence
dispersion
aerosols
their
subsequent
airborne
transmission
to
susceptible
hosts.
In
this
study,
a
saline
is
used
surrogate
for
mathematical
model
developed
its
evaporation.
Predictions
agree
well
experimental
data
reported
in
literature.
includes
partial
differential
equations
(PDEs)
diffusion
dissolved
solute
heat
conduction
within
water
from
surface.
internal
domain
discretized
space
using
finite
volume
method,
transforming
into
set
ordinary
time,
which
are
solved
Rosenbrock
method.
calculation
terminates
when
concentration
at
surface
reaches
value
corresponding
critical
supersaturation
level
on-set
crystallization.
radial
profiles
different
intervals
highlight
enrichment
it
dries,
by
rate
solvent
affected.
also
applied
free-falling
evaporating
under
room
temperature
relative
humidity.
outcome
reveals
strong
dependency
initial
on
ratio
final
size.
Lastly,
capability
predictions
demonstrated
high
humidity,
where
condensation
occurs,
broadening
model's
applicability.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
127(15), P. 3416 - 3430
Published: April 7, 2023
A
refined
numerical
model
for
the
evaporation
and
transport
of
droplets
binary
solutions
is
introduced.
Benchmarking
performed
against
other
models
found
in
literature
experimental
measurements
both
electrodynamically
trapped
freefalling
droplets.
The
presented
represents
microphysical
behavior
continuum
transition
regimes,
accounting
unique
hygroscopic
different
solutions,
including
Fuchs-Sutugin
Cunningham
slip
correction
factors,
Kelvin
effect.
Simulations
pure
water
are
experimentally
validated
temperatures
between
290
K
298
relative
humidity
values
approximately
0%
85%.
Measurements
simulations
spatial
trajectories
evaporative
aqueous
sodium
chloride
compared
0
40%.
shown
to
represent
data
within
uncertainty
initial
conditions.
Calculations
a
time-dependent
Péclet
number,
temperature
dependence
solute
diffusion,
related
morphologies
particles
dried
at
rates.
For
composed
collections
reproducibly
shaped
crystals,
with
higher
rates
resulting
numbers
which
smaller.
Physical Review Fluids,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
7(2)
Published: Feb. 28, 2022
Recent
studies
have
shown
that
enveloped
viruses
contained
in
airborne
respiratory
droplets
lose
infectability
fastest
at
intermediate
ambient
relative
humidities.
Studying
the
evaporation
dynamics
of
respiratory-like
air
reveals
that,
high
humidity,
salt
dissolved
drops
inhibits
their
indefinitely
while
low
humidity
drop
evaporates
leaving
a
porous
solid
residue,
inside
which
virions
may
survive
for
long
times.
We
conclude
optimal
minimal
should
coincide
with
remain
liquid
and
contain
concentrations
periods
time.
Physics of Fluids,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
33(11)
Published: Nov. 1, 2021
A
face
shield
is
an
important
personal
protective
equipment
to
avoid
the
airborne
transmission
of
COVID-19.
We
assess
a
transparent
coating
on
that
repels
respiratory
droplets
mitigate
spread
The
surface
available
hydrophilic
and
exhibits
high
contact
angle
hysteresis.
impacting
stick
it,
resulting
in
enhanced
risk
fomite
disease.
Further,
it
may
get
wetted
rain,
moisture
condense
presence
large
humidity,
which
blur
user's
vision.
Therefore,
present
study
aims
improve
effectiveness
shield.
Our
measurements
demonstrate
shield,
coated
by
silica
nanoparticles
solution,
becomes
superhydrophobic
results
nominal
hysteresis
underlying
surface.
employ
high-speed
visualization
record
impact
dynamics
microliter
with
varying
velocity
attack
non-coated
surfaces.
While
droplet
sticks
bounce
off
roll
down
surface,
for
wide
range
Weber
number.
develop
analytical
model
regime
map
bouncing
non-bouncing
events,
parametrized
respect
wettability,
provide
fundamental
insights
show
potentially
more
effective
suppressing
transmission.
Physical Review Letters,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
131(24)
Published: Dec. 15, 2023
A
recent
theory
suggests
that
the
evaporation
kinetics
of
macromolecular
solutions
is
insensitive
to
ambient
relative
humidity
(RH)
due
formation
a
“polarization
layer”
solutes
at
air-solution
interface.
We
confirm
this
insensitivity
up
RH≈80%
in
polyvinyl
alcohol
from
open-ended
capillaries.
To
explain
observed
drop
rate
higher
RH,
we
need
invoke
compressive
stresses
interfacial
polymer
gelation.
Moreover,
RH-insensitive
sets
earlier
than
predicts,
suggesting
further
role
for
gelled
“skin.”
discuss
relevance
these
observations
respiratory
virus
transmission
via
aerosols.Received
30
November
2022Revised
12
June
2023Accepted
24
October
2023DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.248102Published
by
American
Physical
Society
under
terms
Creative
Commons
Attribution
4.0
International
license.
Further
distribution
work
must
maintain
attribution
author(s)
and
published
article’s
title,
journal
citation,
DOI.Published
SocietyPhysics
Subject
Headings
(PhySH)Research
AreasAdsorptionAggregationCoatingsPaintsTechniquesEvaporationPolymers
&
Soft
MatterFluid
Dynamics
Physics of Fluids,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
36(3)
Published: March 1, 2024
The
transmission
of
viruses/bacteria
causes
infection
predominantly
via
aerosols.
mechanism
respiratory
diseases
is
complex,
which
includes
direct
or
indirect
contact,
large
droplet,
and
airborne
routes
apart
from
close
contact
transmission.
With
this
premise,
two
modes
droplet
evaporation
are
investigated
to
understand
its
significance
in
disease
transmission;
a
contact-free
environment,
evaporates
forms
nuclei,
on
hydrophilic
substrate
(fomite).
study
examines
mass
transport,
the
deposition
pattern
bacteria
precipitates,
their
survival
virulence.
osmotic
pressure
increases
with
salt
concentration,
inactivating
embedded
precipitates
accelerated
evaporation.
Furthermore,
bacteria's
degree
enhanced
pathogenicity
compared
for
both
modes.
striking
differences
attributed
rate,
oxygen
availability,
reactive
species
generation.
Physics of Fluids,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
36(10)
Published: Oct. 1, 2024
The
aerodynamics
of
aerosols
and
their
deposition
on
face
masks
play
a
critical
role
in
determining
the
effectiveness
respiratory
protection.
While
existing
studies
have
focused
risks
associated
with
aerosol
dispersion
during
exhalation,
little
attention
has
been
paid
to
an
open
environment,
where
can
circumvent
masks,
inhalation.
This
is
because
mask
performance
primarily
evaluated
by
particle
filtration
efficiency
closed
pipe
setups,
which
do
not
account
for
around
wearer's
face.
In
this
study,
we
conduct
experiments
environment
investigate
flow
under
varying
inhalation
pressures.
Our
results
indicate
that
near
surface
behaves
like
viscous
flow,
stagnating
within
range
human
Within
range,
find
amount
deposited
be
predicted
modifying
theory.
Using
theoretical
model,
pressure
identified
at
water
begin
penetrate
through
mask.
Finally,
propose
circumvention
as
new
metric
assess
environments
taking
into
effects
circumvention.
