Novel pathways for implantation and establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in mammals

Molecular Human Reproduction, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 135 - 152

Published: Oct. 30, 2009

Uterine receptivity to implantation varies among species, and involves changes in expression of genes that are coordinate with attachment trophectoderm uterine lumenal superficial glandular epithelia, modification phenotype stromal cells, silencing receptors for progesterone estrogen, suppression immune recognition, alterations membrane permeability enhance conceptus-maternal exchange factors, angiogenesis vasculogenesis, increased vascularity the endometrium, activation transport nutrients into lumen, enhanced signaling pregnancy recognition.Differential by epithelial cells response progesterone, glucocorticoids, prostaglandins interferons may influence mammals.Uterine is progesterone-dependent; however, preceded loss (PGR) so most likely acts via PGR-positive throughout pregnancy.Endogenous retroviruses expressed uterus and/or blastocyst also affect placentation various species.Understanding roles variety hormones, growth factors endogenous retroviral proteins essential enhancing reproductive health fertility humans domestic animals.

Language: Английский

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Progesterone-Regulated Changes in Endometrial Gene Expression Contribute to Advanced Conceptus Development in Cattle1

Biology of Reproduction, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 81(4), P. 784 - 794

Published: June 25, 2009

The postovulatory rise in circulating progesterone (P4) concentrations is associated with increased pregnancy success beef and dairy cattle. Our study objective was to determine how elevated P4 alters endometrial gene expression advance conceptus development. Synchronized heifers were inseminated (Day 0) randomly assigned pregnant high or normal P4. All groups received a P4-release intravaginal device on Day 3 after insemination that up 7 (P < 0.05). Tissue collected 5, 7, 13, 16 of pregnancy, analyzed using the bovine Affymetrix (Santa Clara, CA) microarrays. Microarray analyses demonstrated largest number P4-regulated genes coincided day when profiles different for longest period. Genes fold change increase (such as DGAT2 MSTN [also known GDF8]) triglyceride synthesis glucose transport, which can be utilized an energy source developing embryo. Temporal changes occurred at stages early greatest difference occurring between well-separated Validation by quantitative real-time PCR indicated supplementation advances altering time (FABP, DGAT2, MSTN) duration (CRYGS) pattern contribute composition histotroph.

Language: Английский

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Effect of increasing progesterone concentration from Day 3 of pregnancy on subsequent embryo survival and development in beef heifers

Reproduction Fertility and Development, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. 368 - 368

Published: Jan. 1, 2008

Higher systemic progesterone in the immediate post-conception period is associated with an increase embryonic growth rate, interferon-tau production and pregnancy rate cattle. The objective of this study was to examine effect increasing concentration on Day 3 subsequent embryo survival development. Oestrus (Day 0) synchronised beef-cross heifers (n = 210) approximately two-thirds were inseminated semen from a proven sire, while remainder not inseminated. In order produce animals divergent concentrations, half received progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) oestrous cycle, which left situ until slaughter. four treatment groups were: (i) pregnant, high progesterone; (ii) normal (iii) non-pregnant, (iv) progesterone. Animals blood-sampled twice daily Days 0 8 once thereafter slaughter 5, 7, 13 or 16, corresponding 16-cell stage, blastocyst beginning elongation day maternal recognition pregnancy, respectively. Embryos recovered by flushing tract phosphate-buffered saline characterised stage development and, case measured. Data analysed mixed models ANOVA, Chi-square analysis Student’s t-test where appropriate. Insertion PRID increased (P < 0.05) concentrations 3.5 onwards. There no difference between treatments proportion embryos at expected 5 7 > 0.05). While significantly different, viable numerically greater group both (58 v. 43%) 16 (90 50%). Elevation length (2.24 ± 0.51 mm 1.15 0.16 mm, P 0.034) (14.06 1.18 cm 5.97 cm, 0.012). conclusion, insertion cycle serum days, which, having phenotypic size 16.

Language: Английский

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Genes involved in conceptus–endometrial interactions in ruminants: insights from reductionism and thoughts on holistic approaches

Reproduction, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 135(2), P. 165 - 179

Published: Jan. 31, 2008

This review summarizes new knowledge on expression of genes and provides insights into approaches for study conceptus-endometrial interactions in ruminants with emphasis the peri-implantation stage pregnancy. Conceptus-endometrial are complex involve carefully orchestrated temporal spatial alterations gene regulated by hormones from ovary conceptus. Progesterone is hormone pregnancy acts uterus to stimulate blastocyst survival, growth, development. Inadequate progesterone levels or a delayed rise associated loss. The mononuclear trophectoderm cells elongating synthesize secrete interferon-tau (IFNT), recognition signal. Trophoblast giant binucleate begin differentiate produce including chorionic somatomammotropin 1 (CSH1 placental lactogen). A number genes, induced stimulated progesterone, IFNT, and/or CSH1 cell-specific manner, implicated adhesion endometrial luminal epithelium regulation conceptus growth differentiation. Transcriptional profiling experiments beginning unravel dynamics cattle sheep. Future should incorporate physiological models loss be complemented metabolomic studies uterine lumen contents more completely define factors required implantation. Both reduction holistic will important understand multifactorial phenomenon recurrent provide basis strategies improve outcome reproductive efficiency other domestic animals.

Language: Английский

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Conceptus-Induced Changes in the Endometrial Transcriptome: How Soon Does the Cow Know She Is Pregnant?1

Biology of Reproduction, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 85(1), P. 144 - 156

Published: Feb. 24, 2011

This study sought to determine the earliest response of bovine uterine endometrium presence conceptus at key developmental stages early pregnancy. There were no detectable differences in gene expression endometria from pregnant and cyclic heifers on Days 5, 7, 13 postestrus, but 764 genes was altered due maternal recognition pregnancy (Day 16). Of these 514 genes, MX2, BST2, RSAD2, ISG15, OAS1, USP18, IFI44, ISG20, SAMD9, EIF4E, IFIT2 increased greatest extent (>8-fold log2 fold change increase). The OXTR, Bt.643 (unofficial symbol), KCNMA1 reduced most, short-term treatment with recombinant ovine interferon tau (IFNT) vitro or vivo did not alter their expression. In intrauterine infusion IFNT induced IFIT2, USP18. These results revealed for first time that changes occur endometrial transcriptome are independent a until recognition. differentially expressed (including SAMD, EIF4E) consequence production by conceptus. identified represent known novel markers development and/or return cyclicity may be useful identify stage which is detectable.

Language: Английский

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Pig blastocyst–uterine interactions

Differentiation, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 87(1-2), P. 52 - 65

Published: Jan. 1, 2014

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles in Luminal Fluid of the Ovine Uterus

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. e90913 - e90913

Published: March 10, 2014

Microvesicles and exosomes are nanoparticles released from cells can contain small RNAs, mRNA proteins that affect at distant sites. In sheep, endogenous beta retroviruses (enJSRVs) expressed in the endometrial epithelia of uterus be transferred to conceptus trophectoderm. One potential mechanism enJSRVs transfer is via exosomes/microvesicles. Therefore, studies were conducted evaluate uterine luminal fluid (ULF) sheep. Exosomes/microvesicles (hereafter referred as extracellular vesicles) isolated ULF day 14 cyclic pregnant ewes using ExoQuick-TC. Transmission electron microscopy nanoparticle tracking analysis found isolates contained vesicles ranged 50 200 nm diameter. The positive for two common markers (CD63 HSP70) by Western blot analysis. Proteins determined mass spectrometry Extracellular vesicle RNA was analyzed RNAs sequencing RT-PCR. a large number miRNAs including 81 conserved mature miRNAs. Cyclic env gag could delivered heterologous vitro. These support hypothesis deliver conceptus, which important regulate trophectoderm development. Importantly, these idea containing select miRNAs, present likely have biological role conceptus-endometrial interactions establishment maintenance pregnancy.

Language: Английский

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Seasonal heat stress: Clinical implications and hormone treatments for the fertility of dairy cows

Theriogenology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 84(5), P. 659 - 666

Published: May 3, 2015

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles Originate from the Conceptus and Uterus During Early Pregnancy in Sheep1

Biology of Reproduction, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 94(3)

Published: Jan. 28, 2016

Cells release diverse types of membrane-bound vesicles endosomal and plasma membrane origin, termed exosomes microvesicles, respectively. Extracellular (EVs) represent an important mode intercellular communication by transferring select RNAs, proteins, lipids between cells. The present studies tested the hypothesis that elongating ovine conceptus uterus produces EVs mediate conceptus-maternal interactions during early pregnancy. In Study 1, were purified from uterine luminal fluid Day 14 cyclic sheep. fluorescently labeled with PKH67 dye infused into lumen pregnant sheep for 6 days using osmotic pump. On 14, observed in trophectoderm epithelia, but not stroma or myometrium. 2, conceptuses cultured ex vivo 24 h found to culture medium. Proteomics analysis conceptus-derived identified 231 proteins enriched extracellular space several protein classes, including proteases, protease inhibitors, chaperones chaperonins. RNA sequencing detected expression 512 mRNAs. top-expressed genes overrepresented ribosomal functions components. Isolated Labeled ovary other maternal tissues. These support ideas emanate both are involved those cells establishment pregnancy

Language: Английский

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The evolution of the placenta

Reproduction, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 152(5), P. R179 - R189

Published: Aug. 3, 2016

The very apt definition of a placenta is coined by Mossman, namely apposition or fusion the fetal membranes to uterine mucosa for physiological exchange. As such, it specialized organ whose purpose provide continuing support developing young. By this definition, placentas have evolved within every vertebrate class other than birds. They on multiple occasions, often quite narrow taxonomic groups. and maternal system associate more intimately, such that conceptus relies extensively support, relationship leads increased conflict drives adaptive changes both sides. story placentation, therefore, one convergent evolution at macromolecular molecular levels. In short review, we first describe emergence placental-like structures in nonmammalian vertebrates then transition mammals themselves. We close review discussing mechanisms might favored diversity hence morphology physiology eutherian mammals.

Language: Английский

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