A review of the causes of poor fertility in high milk producing dairy cows

Animal Reproduction Science, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 123(3-4), P. 127 - 138

Published: Dec. 31, 2010

Language: Английский

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Comparative aspects of implantation

Reproduction, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 138(2), P. 195 - 209

Published: June 6, 2009

Uterine receptivity to implantation of blastocysts in mammals includes hatching from zona pellucida, precontact with uterine luminal (LE) and superficial glandular (sGE) epithelia orientation blastocyst, apposition between trophectoderm LE sGE, adhesion LE/sGE, and, some species, limited or extensive invasion into the endometrial stroma induction decidualization stromal cells. These peri-implantation events are prerequisites for pregnancy recognition signaling, implantation, placentation required fetal–placental growth development through remainder pregnancy. Although there is a range strategies mammals, common feature requirement progesterone (P 4 ) downregulate expression its receptors P prior events. then mediates effects via factors expressed by cells most species; however, epithelium may express factor response and/or estrogens species true epitheliochorial placenta. There also compelling evidence that involves temporal cell-specific interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes be induced directly an IFN stimulated IFN. have many roles including nutrient transport, cellular remodeling, angiogenesis relaxation vascular tissues, cell proliferation migration, establishment antiviral state, protection conceptus tissues challenges maternal immune

Language: Английский

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Novel pathways for implantation and establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in mammals

Molecular Human Reproduction, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 135 - 152

Published: Oct. 30, 2009

Uterine receptivity to implantation varies among species, and involves changes in expression of genes that are coordinate with attachment trophectoderm uterine lumenal superficial glandular epithelia, modification phenotype stromal cells, silencing receptors for progesterone estrogen, suppression immune recognition, alterations membrane permeability enhance conceptus-maternal exchange factors, angiogenesis vasculogenesis, increased vascularity the endometrium, activation transport nutrients into lumen, enhanced signaling pregnancy recognition.Differential by epithelial cells response progesterone, glucocorticoids, prostaglandins interferons may influence mammals.Uterine is progesterone-dependent; however, preceded loss (PGR) so most likely acts via PGR-positive throughout pregnancy.Endogenous retroviruses expressed uterus and/or blastocyst also affect placentation various species.Understanding roles variety hormones, growth factors endogenous retroviral proteins essential enhancing reproductive health fertility humans domestic animals.

Language: Английский

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Progesterone-Regulated Changes in Endometrial Gene Expression Contribute to Advanced Conceptus Development in Cattle1

Biology of Reproduction, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 81(4), P. 784 - 794

Published: June 25, 2009

The postovulatory rise in circulating progesterone (P4) concentrations is associated with increased pregnancy success beef and dairy cattle. Our study objective was to determine how elevated P4 alters endometrial gene expression advance conceptus development. Synchronized heifers were inseminated (Day 0) randomly assigned pregnant high or normal P4. All groups received a P4-release intravaginal device on Day 3 after insemination that up 7 (P < 0.05). Tissue collected 5, 7, 13, 16 of pregnancy, analyzed using the bovine Affymetrix (Santa Clara, CA) microarrays. Microarray analyses demonstrated largest number P4-regulated genes coincided day when profiles different for longest period. Genes fold change increase (such as DGAT2 MSTN [also known GDF8]) triglyceride synthesis glucose transport, which can be utilized an energy source developing embryo. Temporal changes occurred at stages early greatest difference occurring between well-separated Validation by quantitative real-time PCR indicated supplementation advances altering time (FABP, DGAT2, MSTN) duration (CRYGS) pattern contribute composition histotroph.

Language: Английский

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Changes in the Endometrial Transcriptome During the Bovine Estrous Cycle: Effect of Low Circulating Progesterone and Consequences for Conceptus Elongation

Biology of Reproduction, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 84(2), P. 266 - 278

Published: Sept. 29, 2010

In cattle, elevated concentrations of circulating progesterone (P4) in the immediate postconception period are associated with advanced conceptus development, while low P4 is implicated as a causative factor pregnancy rates observed dairy cows. This study aimed to: 1) describe transcriptional changes that occur bovine endometrium during estrous cycle, 2) determine how affects these changes, 3) identify if alters expression genes, and 4) assess impact has on development. Relatively few differences occurred endometrial gene early luteal phase cycle (Day 5 vs. 7), but comparison endometria from more distant stages 7 13) revealed large which were significantly altered by exogenous supplementation P4. Induction normal temporal expression, coordinate delay down-regulation PGR LE GE. Altered induced was reduced capacity uterus to support development after embryo transfer Day 7. conclusion, present provides clear evidence transcriptome cyclic heifers sensitive first days estrus. Under conditions, suboptimal uterine environment ability elongation observed.

Language: Английский

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Conceptus-Induced Changes in the Endometrial Transcriptome: How Soon Does the Cow Know She Is Pregnant?1

Biology of Reproduction, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 85(1), P. 144 - 156

Published: Feb. 24, 2011

This study sought to determine the earliest response of bovine uterine endometrium presence conceptus at key developmental stages early pregnancy. There were no detectable differences in gene expression endometria from pregnant and cyclic heifers on Days 5, 7, 13 postestrus, but 764 genes was altered due maternal recognition pregnancy (Day 16). Of these 514 genes, MX2, BST2, RSAD2, ISG15, OAS1, USP18, IFI44, ISG20, SAMD9, EIF4E, IFIT2 increased greatest extent (>8-fold log2 fold change increase). The OXTR, Bt.643 (unofficial symbol), KCNMA1 reduced most, short-term treatment with recombinant ovine interferon tau (IFNT) vitro or vivo did not alter their expression. In intrauterine infusion IFNT induced IFIT2, USP18. These results revealed for first time that changes occur endometrial transcriptome are independent a until recognition. differentially expressed (including SAMD, EIF4E) consequence production by conceptus. identified represent known novel markers development and/or return cyclicity may be useful identify stage which is detectable.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles in Luminal Fluid of the Ovine Uterus

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. e90913 - e90913

Published: March 10, 2014

Microvesicles and exosomes are nanoparticles released from cells can contain small RNAs, mRNA proteins that affect at distant sites. In sheep, endogenous beta retroviruses (enJSRVs) expressed in the endometrial epithelia of uterus be transferred to conceptus trophectoderm. One potential mechanism enJSRVs transfer is via exosomes/microvesicles. Therefore, studies were conducted evaluate uterine luminal fluid (ULF) sheep. Exosomes/microvesicles (hereafter referred as extracellular vesicles) isolated ULF day 14 cyclic pregnant ewes using ExoQuick-TC. Transmission electron microscopy nanoparticle tracking analysis found isolates contained vesicles ranged 50 200 nm diameter. The positive for two common markers (CD63 HSP70) by Western blot analysis. Proteins determined mass spectrometry Extracellular vesicle RNA was analyzed RNAs sequencing RT-PCR. a large number miRNAs including 81 conserved mature miRNAs. Cyclic env gag could delivered heterologous vitro. These support hypothesis deliver conceptus, which important regulate trophectoderm development. Importantly, these idea containing select miRNAs, present likely have biological role conceptus-endometrial interactions establishment maintenance pregnancy.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles Originate from the Conceptus and Uterus During Early Pregnancy in Sheep1

Biology of Reproduction, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 94(3)

Published: Jan. 28, 2016

Cells release diverse types of membrane-bound vesicles endosomal and plasma membrane origin, termed exosomes microvesicles, respectively. Extracellular (EVs) represent an important mode intercellular communication by transferring select RNAs, proteins, lipids between cells. The present studies tested the hypothesis that elongating ovine conceptus uterus produces EVs mediate conceptus-maternal interactions during early pregnancy. In Study 1, were purified from uterine luminal fluid Day 14 cyclic sheep. fluorescently labeled with PKH67 dye infused into lumen pregnant sheep for 6 days using osmotic pump. On 14, observed in trophectoderm epithelia, but not stroma or myometrium. 2, conceptuses cultured ex vivo 24 h found to culture medium. Proteomics analysis conceptus-derived identified 231 proteins enriched extracellular space several protein classes, including proteases, protease inhibitors, chaperones chaperonins. RNA sequencing detected expression 512 mRNAs. top-expressed genes overrepresented ribosomal functions components. Isolated Labeled ovary other maternal tissues. These support ideas emanate both are involved those cells establishment pregnancy

Language: Английский

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Uterine Glands: Developmental Biology and Functional Roles in Pregnancy

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 40(5), P. 1424 - 1445

Published: May 10, 2019

All mammalian uteri contain glands in the endometrium that develop only or primarily after birth. Gland development adenogenesis postnatal uterus is intrinsically regulated by proliferation, cell-cell interactions, growth factors and their inhibitors, as well transcription factors, including forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) estrogen receptor α (ESR1). Extrinsic regulating originate from other organs, ovary, pituitary, mammary gland. The infertility recurrent pregnancy loss observed uterine gland knockout sheep mouse models support a primary role for secretions products of success. Recent studies mice revealed glandular epithelia govern postimplantation establishment through effects on stromal cell decidualization placental development. In humans, and, inference, are hypothesized to be critical blastocyst survival implantation embryo during first trimester before onset fetal-maternal circulation. A variety hormones placenta, cells impact secretory function pregnancy. This review summarizes new information related developmental biology discusses novel perspectives functional roles

Language: Английский

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Interferons and progesterone for establishment and maintenance of pregnancy: interactions among novel cell signaling pathways

Reproductive Biology, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 179 - 211

Published: Nov. 1, 2008

Language: Английский

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