Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2005,
Volume and Issue:
25(49), P. 11444 - 11454
Published: Dec. 7, 2005
Although
the
induction
of
persistent
behavioral
alterations
by
drugs
abuse
requires
regulation
gene
transcription,
precise
intracellular
signaling
pathways
that
are
involved
remain
mainly
unknown.
Extracellular
signal-regulated
kinase
(ERK)
is
critical
for
expression
immediate-early
genes
in
striatum
response
to
cocaine
and
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol
rewarding
properties
these
drugs.
Here
we
show
mice
a
single
injection
(10
mg/kg)
activates
mitogen-
stress-activated
protein
1
(MSK1)
dorsal
nucleus
accumbens.
Cocaine-induced
phosphorylation
MSK1
threonine
581
cAMP
element-binding
(CREB)
serine
133
(Ser
)
were
blocked
SL327,
drug
prevents
ERK
activation.
Cocaine
increased
acetylation
histone
H4
lysine
5
H3
Ser
10
,
demonstrating
existence
drug-induced
chromatin
remodeling
vivo
.
In
knock-out
(KO)
CREB
blocked,
c-Fos
dynorphin
was
prevented,
whereas
Egr-1
(early
growth
response-1)/zif268/Krox24
unaltered.
MSK1-KO
had
no
obvious
neurological
defect
but
displayed
contrasted
phenotype
cocaine.
Acute
effects
dopamine
D
or
2
agonists
Sensitivity
low
doses,
not
high
conditioned
place
preference
paradigm,
locomotor
sensitization
repeated
injections
decreased
markedly.
Our
results
major
striatal
kinase,
downstream
from
ERK,
responsible
required
specifically
as
well
sensitization.
Pharmacological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2011,
Volume and Issue:
63(1), P. 182 - 217
Published: Feb. 8, 2011
G
protein-coupled
dopamine
receptors
(D1,
D2,
D3,
D4,
and
D5)
mediate
all
of
the
physiological
functions
catecholaminergic
neurotransmitter
dopamine,
ranging
from
voluntary
movement
reward
to
hormonal
regulation
hypertension.
Pharmacological
agents
targeting
dopaminergic
neurotransmission
have
been
clinically
used
in
management
several
neurological
psychiatric
disorders,
including
Parkinson9s
disease,
schizophrenia,
bipolar
disorder,
Huntington9s
attention
deficit
hyperactivity
disorder
(ADHD1),
Tourette9s
syndrome.
Numerous
advances
occurred
understanding
general
structural,
biochemical,
functional
properties
that
led
development
multiple
pharmacologically
active
compounds
directly
target
receptors,
such
as
antiparkinson
drugs
antipsychotics.
Recent
progress
complex
biology
receptor-related
signal
transduction
mechanisms
has
revealed
that,
addition
their
primary
action
on
cAMP-mediated
signaling,
can
act
through
diverse
signaling
involve
alternative
protein
coupling
or
protein-independent
via
interactions
with
ion
channels
proteins
are
characteristically
implicated
receptor
desensitization,
β-arrestins.
One
future
directions
managing
dopamine-related
pathologic
conditions
may
a
transition
approaches
affect
function
precise
postreceptor
intracellular
modalities
either
ligand-biased
pharmacology.
In
this
comprehensive
review,
we
discuss
classification,
basic
structural
genetic
organization,
distribution
brain
periphery,
mechanisms.
addition,
abnormalities
expression,
function,
documented
human
disorders
current
pharmacology
emerging
trends
novel
therapeutic
at
and/or
related
events.
Science,
Journal Year:
2005,
Volume and Issue:
310(5746), P. 329 - 332
Published: Oct. 13, 2005
The
presence
and
function
of
CB
2
receptors
in
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
neurons
are
controversial.
We
report
the
expression
receptor
messenger
RNA
protein
localization
on
brainstem
neurons.
These
functional
were
activated
by
a
agonist,
2-arachidonoylglycerol,
elevated
endogenous
levels
endocannabinoids,
which
also
act
at
1
receptors.
represent
an
alternative
site
action
endocannabinoids
that
opens
possibility
nonpsychotropic
therapeutic
interventions
using
enhanced
endocannabinoid
localized
brain
areas.
Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2008,
Volume and Issue:
28(22), P. 5671 - 5685
Published: May 28, 2008
Psychostimulants
and
other
drugs
of
abuse
activate
extracellular
signal-regulated
kinase
(ERK)
in
the
striatum,
through
combined
stimulation
dopamine
D
1
receptors
(D1Rs)
glutamate
NMDA
receptors.
Antipsychotic
similar
signaling
proteins
striatum
by
blocking
2
(D2Rs).
However,
neurons
which
these
pathways
are
activated
psychotropic
not
precisely
identified.
We
used
transgenic
mice,
enhanced
green
fluorescent
protein
(EGFP)
expression
was
driven
D1R
promoter
(
drd1a
-EGFP)
or
D2R
drd2
-EGFP).
confirmed
-EGFP
striatonigral
striatopallidal
neurons.
Drd2
also
expressed
cholinergic
interneurons,
whereas
no
either
detected
GABAergic
interneurons.
Acute
cocaine
treatment
increased
phosphorylation
ERK
its
direct
indirect
nuclear
targets,
mitogen-
stress-activated
kinase-1
(MSK1)
histone
H3,
exclusively
D1R-expressing
output
dorsal
nucleus
accumbens.
Cocaine-induced
c-Fos
Zif268
predominated
but
observed
D2R-expressing
One
week
after
repeated
administration,
cocaine-induced
responses
were
decreased,
with
exception
striatum.
The
remained
confined
to
In
contrast,
acute
haloperidol
injection
ERK,
MSK1,
H3
only
induced
c-fos
zif268
predominantly
Our
results
demonstrate
that
specifically
two
completely
segregated
populations
striatal
neurons,
providing
evidence
for
selective
mechanisms
exert
their
long-term
effects.
The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2008,
Volume and Issue:
49(1), P. 327 - 347
Published: Oct. 17, 2008
Psychotropic
drugs
acting
on
monoamine
neurotransmission
are
major
pharmacological
treatments
for
neuropsychiatric
conditions
such
as
schizophrenia,
depression,
bipolar
disorder,
Tourette
syndrome,
ADHD,
and
Alzheimer
disease.
Independent
lines
of
research
involving
biochemical
behavioral
approaches
in
normal
and/or
genetically
modified
mice
provide
converging
evidence
an
involvement
the
signaling
molecules
Akt
glycogen
synthase
kinase-3
(GSK3)
regulation
behavior
by
dopamine
serotonin
(5-HT).
These
have
also
received
attention
their
role
actions
psychoactive
antidepressants,
antipsychotics,
lithium,
other
mood
stabilizers.
Furthermore,
investigations
mechanism
which
D2
receptors
regulate
Akt/GSK3
strongly
support
physiological
relevance
a
new
modality
G
protein-coupled
receptor
(GPCR)
multifunctional
scaffolding
protein
beta-arrestin
2.
Elucidation
contribution
multiple
pathways
to
action
psychotropic
may
better
biological
understanding
psychiatric
disorders
lead
more
efficient
therapeutics.
Frontiers in Neural Circuits,
Journal Year:
2013,
Volume and Issue:
7
Published: Jan. 1, 2013
Dopamine
(DA)
regulates
emotional
and
motivational
behavior
through
the
mesolimbic
dopaminergic
pathway.
Changes
in
DAmesolimbic
neurotransmission
have
been
found
to
modify
behavioral
responses
various
environmental
stimuli
associated
with
reward
behaviors.
Psychostimulants,
drugs
of
abuse,
natural
rewards
such
as
food
can
cause
substantial
synaptic
modifications
DA
system.
Recent
studies
using
optogenetics
DREADDs,
together
neuron-specific
or
circuit-specific
genetic
manipulations
improved
our
understanding
signaling
circuit,
provided
a
means
identify
neural
substrates
complex
behaviors
drug
addiction
eating
disorders.
This
review
focuses
on
role
system
motivation,
an
overview
D1
D2
receptors
control
reward-associated