Emerging threats and persistent conservation challenges for freshwater biodiversity

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 94(3), P. 849 - 873

Published: Nov. 22, 2018

ABSTRACT In the 12 years since Dudgeon et al . (2006) reviewed major pressures on freshwater ecosystems, biodiversity crisis in world's lakes, reservoirs, rivers, streams and wetlands has deepened. While reservoirs rivers cover only 2.3% of Earth's surface, these ecosystems host at least 9.5% described animal species. Furthermore, using World Wide Fund for Nature's Living Planet Index, population declines (83% between 1970 2014) continue to outpace contemporaneous marine or terrestrial systems. The Anthropocene brought multiple new varied threats that disproportionately impact We document emerging are either entirely 2006 have intensified: ( i ) changing climates; ii e‐commerce invasions; iii infectious diseases; iv harmful algal blooms; v expanding hydropower; vi contaminants; vii engineered nanomaterials; viii microplastic pollution; (i x light noise; salinisation; xi declining calcium; xii cumulative stressors. Effects evidenced amphibians, fishes, invertebrates, microbes, plants, turtles waterbirds, with potential ecosystem‐level changes through bottom‐up top‐down processes. our highly uncertain future, net effects raise serious concerns ecosystems. However, we also highlight opportunities conservation gains as a result novel management tools (e.g. environmental flows, DNA) specific conservation‐oriented actions dam removal, habitat protection policies, managed relocation species) been met varying levels success. Moving forward, advocate hybrid approaches manage fresh waters crucial human life support well essential hotspots ecological function. Efforts reverse global trends degradation now depend bridging an immense gap aspirations biologists accelerating rate species endangerment.

Language: Английский

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Adverse outcome pathways: A conceptual framework to support ecotoxicology research and risk assessment

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 29(3), P. 730 - 741

Published: Dec. 23, 2009

Abstract Ecological risk assessors face increasing demands to assess more chemicals, with greater speed and accuracy, do so using fewer resources experimental animals. New approaches in biological computational sciences may be able generate mechanistic information that could help meeting these challenges. However, use data support chemical assessments, there is a need for effective translation of this into endpoints meaningful ecological risk—effects on survival, development, reproduction individual organisms and, by extension, impacts populations. Here we discuss framework designed purpose, the adverse outcome pathway (AOP). An AOP conceptual construct portrays existing knowledge concerning linkage between direct molecular initiating event an at level organization relevant assessment. The practical utility AOPs assessment chemicals illustrated five case examples. examples demonstrate how concept can focus toxicity testing terms species endpoint selection, enhance across‐chemical extrapolation, prediction mixture effects. also show facilitate or biochemical (sometimes referred as biomarkers) forecasting individuals In concluding sections paper, guide research supports assessments advocate incorporation approach broader systems biology framework. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:730–741. © 2009 SETAC

Language: Английский

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Pharmaceuticals of Emerging Concern in Aquatic Systems: Chemistry, Occurrence, Effects, and Removal Methods

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 119(6), P. 3510 - 3673

Published: March 4, 2019

In the last few decades, pharmaceuticals, credited with saving millions of lives, have emerged as a new class environmental contaminant. These compounds can both chronic and acute harmful effects on natural flora fauna. The presence pharmaceutical contaminants in ground waters, surface waters (lakes, rivers, streams), sea water, wastewater treatment plants (influents effluents), soils, sludges has been well doccumented. A range methods including oxidation, photolysis, UV-degradation, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, adsorption used for their remediation from aqueous systems. Many commercially limited by toxic sludge generation, incomplete removal, high capital operating costs, need skilled maintenance personnel. Adsorption technologies are low-cost alternative, easily developing countries where there is dearth advanced technologies, personnel, available capital, appears to be most broadly feasible removal method. integrated (WWTPs). Herein, we reviewed literature (1990–2018) illustrating rising contamination concerns efforts emphasizing adsorption.

Language: Английский

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Global Water Pollution and Human Health

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 35(1), P. 109 - 136

Published: Oct. 22, 2010

Water quality issues are a major challenge that humanity is facing in the twenty-first century. Here, we review main groups of aquatic contaminants, their effects on human health, and approaches to mitigate pollution freshwater resources. Emphasis placed chemical pollution, particularly inorganic organic micropollutants including toxic metals metalloids as well large variety synthetic chemicals. Some aspects waterborne diseases urgent need for improved sanitation developing countries also discussed. The addresses current scientific advances cope with great diversity pollutants. It organized along different temporal spatial scales global water pollution. Persistent pollutants (POPs) have affected systems scale more than five decades; during time geogenic pollutants, mining operations, hazardous waste sites been most relevant sources long-term regional local Agricultural chemicals waste-water exert shorter-term scales.

Language: Английский

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Rapid removal of organic micropollutants from water by a porous β-cyclodextrin polymer

Nature, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 529(7585), P. 190 - 194

Published: Dec. 21, 2015

Language: Английский

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Ecotoxicological aspects related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 175(1-3), P. 45 - 95

Published: Oct. 31, 2009

Language: Английский

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State-of-the-science of endocrine disrupting chemicals, 2012

Toxicology Letters, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 211, P. S3 - S3

Published: May 11, 2012

Language: Английский

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Pharmaceuticals in the environment—Global occurrences and perspectives

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 35(4), P. 823 - 835

Published: Dec. 14, 2015

Abstract Pharmaceuticals are known to occur widely in the environment of industrialized countries. In developing countries, more monitoring results have recently become available, but a concise picture measured environmental concentrations (MECs) is still elusive. Through comprehensive literature review 1016 original publications and 150 articles, authors collected MECs for human veterinary pharmaceutical substances reported worldwide surface water, groundwater, tap/drinking manure, soil, other matrices database. Due heterogeneity data sources, simplified quality assessment was conducted. The database reveals that pharmaceuticals or their transformation products been detected 71 countries covering all continents. These were then grouped into 5 regions recognized by United Nations (UN). total, 631 different found at above detection limit respective analytical methods employed, revealing distinct regional patterns. Sixteen each UN regions. For example, anti‐inflammatory drug diclofenac has 50 several locations exceeded predicted no‐effect concentrations. Urban wastewater seems be dominant emission pathway globally, although emissions from industrial production, hospitals, agriculture, aquaculture important locally. conclude global challenge calling multistakeholder approaches prevent, reduce, manage entry presence environment, such as those being discussed under Strategic Approach International Chemicals Management, Environment Program. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:823–835. © 2015 SETAC

Language: Английский

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Pharmaceutical pollution of the world’s rivers

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(8)

Published: Feb. 14, 2022

Environmental exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can have negative effects on the health of ecosystems and humans. While numerous studies monitored APIs in rivers, these employ different analytical methods, measure APIs, ignored many countries world. This makes it difficult quantify scale problem from a global perspective. Furthermore, comparison existing data, generated for studies/regions/continents, is challenging due vast differences between methodologies employed. Here, we present global-scale study API pollution 258 world's representing environmental influence 471.4 million people across 137 geographic regions. Samples were obtained 1,052 locations 104 (representing all continents 36 not previously studied contamination) analyzed 61 APIs. Highest cumulative concentrations observed sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, South America. The most contaminated sites low- middle-income associated with areas poor wastewater waste management infrastructure manufacturing. frequently detected carbamazepine, metformin, caffeine (a compound also arising lifestyle use), which at over half monitored. Concentrations least one 25.7% sampling greater than considered safe aquatic organisms, or are concern terms selection antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, poses threat human health, as well delivery United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

Language: Английский

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Environmental impact of estrogens on human, animal and plant life: A critical review

Environment International, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 99, P. 107 - 119

Published: Dec. 29, 2016

Since the inception of global industrialization, steroidal estrogens have become an emerging and serious concern. Worldwide, steroid including estrone, estradiol estriol, pose threats to soil, plants, water resources humans. Indeed, gained notable attention in recent years, due their rapidly increasing concentrations soil all over world. Concern has been expressed regarding entry into human food chain which turn relates how plants take up metabolism estrogens.In this review we explore environmental fate highlighting release through effluent sources, uptake, partitioning physiological effects ecological system. We draw potential risk intensive modern agriculture waste disposal systems on estrogen health. also highlight uptake plants.We use MEDLINE other search data bases for environment from 2005 present, with majority our sources spanning past five years. Published acceptable daily intake (μg/L) predicted no effect are listed published used as thresholds discuss reported levels aquatic terrestrial environments. Global river Waste Water Treatment Facilities mapped, together transport pathways plants.Estrogens at polluting detected sites close treatment facilities groundwater various globally. Estrogens pollutant linked breast cancer women prostate men. perturb fish physiology can affect reproductive development both domestic wild animals. hormones or precursors root shoot development, flowering germination. However, ameliorate stresses plant.There is evidence establish a causal relationship between cancer. there gaps knowledge about call required world wide effort provide more many samples sites. Of available, synthetic estrogen, ethinyl estradiol, persistent than natural may be greater cause Finally, believe that urgent requirement inter-disciplinary studies order better understand impact.

Language: Английский

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