Navigating the multiple meanings of β diversity: a roadmap for the practicing ecologist

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 19 - 28

Published: Nov. 11, 2010

Ecology Letters (2011) 14: 19–28 A recent increase in studies of β diversity has yielded a confusing array concepts, measures and methods. Here, we provide roadmap the most widely used ecologically relevant approaches for analysis through series mission statements. We distinguish two types diversity: directional turnover along gradient vs. non-directional variation. Different emphasize different properties ecological data. Such include degree emphasis on presence/absence relative abundance information inclusion exclusion joint absences. Judicious use multiple concert can uncover underlying nature patterns given dataset. case study Indonesian coral assemblages shows utility multi-faceted approach. advocate careful consideration questions, matched by appropriate analyses. The rigorous application null models will also help to reveal potential processes driving observed diversity.

Language: Английский

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Stochastic Community Assembly: Does It Matter in Microbial Ecology?

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 81(4)

Published: Oct. 12, 2017

Understanding the mechanisms controlling community diversity, functions, succession, and biogeography is a central, but poorly understood, topic in ecology, particularly microbial ecology. Although stochastic processes are believed to play nonnegligible roles shaping structure, their importance relative deterministic hotly debated. The of ecological stochasticity structure far less appreciated. Some main reasons for such heavy debates difficulty defining diverse methods used delineating stochasticity. Here, we provide critical review synthesis data from most recent studies on assembly We then describe both components embedded various processes, including selection, dispersal, diversification, drift. also different approaches inferring observational diversity patterns highlight experimental communities. In addition, research challenges, gaps, future directions research.

Language: Английский

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Patterns and Processes of Microbial Community Assembly

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 77(3), P. 342 - 356

Published: Sept. 1, 2013

Recent research has expanded our understanding of microbial community assembly. However, the field ecology is inaccessible to many ecologists because inconsistent and often confusing terminology as well unnecessarily polarizing debates. Thus, we review recent literature on assembly, using framework Vellend (Q. Rev. Biol. 85:183-206, 2010) in an effort synthesize unify these contributions. We begin by discussing patterns biogeography then describe four basic processes (diversification, dispersal, selection, drift) that contribute also discuss different combinations where when they may be most important for shaping communities. The spatial temporal scales assembly are discussed relation processes. Throughout this paper, highlight differences between microbes macroorganisms generate hypotheses describing how end implications ecosystem function biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Stochastic and deterministic assembly processes in subsurface microbial communities

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 6(9), P. 1653 - 1664

Published: March 29, 2012

Language: Английский

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Beyond biogeographic patterns: processes shaping the microbial landscape

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 497 - 506

Published: May 14, 2012

Language: Английский

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Historical Contingency in Community Assembly: Integrating Niches, Species Pools, and Priority Effects

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 46(1), P. 1 - 23

Published: Aug. 5, 2015

The order and timing of species immigration during community assembly can affect abundances at multiple spatial scales. Known as priority effects, these effects cause historical contingency in the structure function communities, resulting alternative stable states, transient or compositional cycles. mechanisms fall into two categories, niche preemption modification, conditions for by be organized groups, those regarding regional pool properties local population dynamics. Specifically, requirements must satisfied to occur: contains that together dynamics are rapid enough early-arriving preempt modify niches before other arrive. Organizing current knowledge this way reveals an outstanding key question: How pools yield generated maintained?

Language: Английский

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Disentangling the importance of ecological niches from stochastic processes across scales

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 366(1576), P. 2351 - 2363

Published: July 18, 2011

Deterministic theories in community ecology suggest that local, niche-based processes, such as environmental filtering, biotic interactions and interspecific trade-offs largely determine patterns of species diversity composition. In contrast, more stochastic emphasize the importance chance colonization, random extinction ecological drift. The schisms between deterministic perspectives, which date back to earliest days ecology, continue fuel contemporary debates (e.g. niches versus neutrality). As illustrated by pioneering studies Robert H. MacArthur co-workers, resolution these requires consideration how local processes changes across scales. Here, we develop a framework for disentangling relative generating site-to-site variation composition (β-diversity) along gradients (disturbance, productivity interactions) among biogeographic regions differ size regional pool. We illustrate discern using null-model approaches explicitly account factors inherently create turnover. By embracing scales, can build synthetic understanding structure biodiversity face emerge from factors.

Language: Английский

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Disentangling mechanisms that mediate the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes in microbial succession

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 112(11)

Published: March 2, 2015

Significance Across ecology, and particularly within microbial there is limited understanding of the mechanisms governing relative influences stochastic deterministic processes. Filling this knowledge gap a major challenge that requires development novel conceptual paradigms, experiments, ecological models. Here we ( i ) present model couples stochastic/deterministic balance to primary secondary succession, thereby integrating previously isolated domains; ii evaluate over 105 years ecosystem development, revealing systematic shift in type strength selection; iii couple empirical data with new simulation elucidate underlying characterize their scale dependency. The insights framework provided here represent nexus for cross-system integration.

Language: Английский

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Metacommunity organisation, spatial extent and dispersal in aquatic systems: patterns, processes and prospects

Freshwater Biology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 60(5), P. 845 - 869

Published: Dec. 29, 2014

Summary Metacommunity ecology addresses the situation where sets of local communities are connected by dispersal a number potentially interacting species. Aquatic systems (e.g. lentic versus lotic marine) differ from each other in connectivity and environmental heterogeneity, suggesting that metacommunity organisation also differs between major aquatic systems. Here, we review findings observational field studies on Species sorting (i.e. species ‘filtered’ factors occur only at environmentally suitable sites) prevails systems, particularly streams lakes, but degree to which limitation interacts with such control varies among different spatial scales. For example, mainstem rivers marine coastal may be strongly affected ‘mass effects’ high rates homogenise some neighbouring localities, irrespective their abiotic biotic conditions), whereas isolated lakes ponds structured do not otherwise‐suitable localities simply because sites potential colonists too far away). Flow directionality running waters water movements this difference have effects role Dispersal typically increases increasing distance sites, mass increase importance decreasing ability organisms determine extents processes most important. A better understanding relative roles sorting, affecting metacommunities requires following: (i) characterising more directly or adopting proxies than been used previously; (ii) considering nature networks; (iii) combining correlative experimental approaches; (iv) exploring temporal aspects (v) applying past approaches statistical methods innovatively for our organisation.

Language: Английский

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Using null models to disentangle variation in community dissimilarity from variation in α-diversity

Ecosphere, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. art24 - art24

Published: Feb. 1, 2011

β-diversity represents the compositional variation among communities from site-to-site, linking local (α-diversity) and regional (γ-diversity). Researchers often desire to compare values of across localities or experimental treatments, use this comparison infer possible mechanisms community assembly. However, majority metrics used estimate β-diversity, including most dissimilarity (e.g., Jaccard's Sørenson's index), can vary simply because changes in other two diversity components (α γ-diversity). Here, we overview utility taking a null model approach that allows one discern whether measured results more underlying structure by which vary, instead due difference α-diversity treatments. We illustrate particular approach, originally developed Raup Crick (1979) paleontological literature, creates re-scaled probability metric ranging −1 1, indicating are dissimilar (approaching 1), as 0), less −1), than expected random chance. The value provides some indication assembly, degree deterministic processes create deviate those based on stochastic (null) expectations. demonstrate when compared analyses index with case studies disparate empirical systems (coral reefs freshwater ponds) differ disturbance altered α-diversity, well selectivity acted members community.

Language: Английский

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